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Translocator protein and neurodegeneration: insights from Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1090-1091页

作者： Arpit Kumar Pradhan Rainer Rupprecht gerhard Rammes Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin der Technischen Universität München Klinikum rechts der IsarMunichGermany Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMartinsriedGermany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University RegensburgRegensburgGermany

The 18 kDa translocator protein(TSPO)located on the outer mitochondrial membrane regulates several key cellular processes including mitochondrial homeostasis,cholesterol transport,apoptosis,cell proliferation,and maintenance of mitochondrial health(Rupprecht et al.,2022,2023).TSPO is expressed in both peripheral organs and the central nervous system,with a more pronounced expression in tissues that produce *** main reason why TSPO has garnered so much attention is because it plays a key role in neurosteroidogenesis by transferring cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane,which is the rate-limiting step in neurosteroid synthesis.A cholesterol-recognizing amino acid consensus domain has been identified in the cytosolic C terminus of the TSPO protein by both in vitro and site-directed mutagenesis experiments(Li et al.,2001).however,the role of TSPO in the process of neurosteroid synthesis has been challenged by several studies,particularly TSPO knockout models,which suggest that TSPO removal does not affect the phenotype or the system’s viability(Tu et al.,2014).however,ligands targeting TSPO have been shown to enhance levels of neurosteroids which suggests that neurosteroidogenesis is one of the major functional roles mediated by the TSPO protein.

关键词： cholesterol organs

Feasibility study on the suitability of dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment of desert sand for concrete production purposes

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Plasma Science and Technology 2025年第1期27卷 111-117页

作者： Yorick FENNER Martin BELLMANN Andreas TUMMEL Christoph gerhard Faculty of Engineering and health University of Applied Sciences and ArtsGöttingen 37085Germany Application Center for Plasma and Photonics Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin FilmsGöttingen 37085Germany School of Industrial and Information Engineering Politecnico di MilanoMilano 20133Italy

Due to the continuously increasing building and construction industry,sand has become one of the most questioned raw materials ***,the available amount of sand suitable for concrete production is orders of magnitude lower that the demand and *** though desert sand is sufficiently available,it is not usable for realizing stable concrete due to its surface *** this background,the suitability of energy-efficient‘cold'dielectric barrier discharge plasma operated at atmospheric pressure for improving the properties of concrete produced from desert sand was investigated in this *** is shown that such plasma treatment allows for a certain roughening and re-shaping of sand *** a result,the mass flow of treated sand is decreased due to an improved wedging of sand *** leads to a certain increase in compressive strength of concrete *** though this increase is marginal,the suitability of the applied type of plasma for modification of the geometry and surface chemistry of sand grains was proven,showing its basic potential for the treatment and preconditioning of sand used for concrete,mortar or plastering.

关键词： plasma treatment atmospheric pressure plasma sand concrete surface roughening mass flow compressive strength

考虑接触点运动的偏心轮-滚子副运动学及润滑特性研究

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摩擦学学报 2025年第2期45卷 198-209页

作者：高园杰郭峰 gerhard POLL 李书义晁珅青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院山东青岛 266500 汉诺威莱布尼茨大学机械设计与摩擦学研究所 Welfengarten1 汉诺威 30167 内燃机可靠性国家重点实验室山东潍坊 261061 潍柴动力股份有限公司山东潍坊 261061

在凸轮-滚子副润滑分析中，为求解接触区的卷吸速度对凸轮-滚子单元进行运动学分析，发现接触点除了绕凸轮轴轴心作定轴转动外，还会因为滚子升程的变化来回摆动，产生牵连运动. 卷吸速度的计算会采用忽略接触点运动的简化处理方法，但... 详细信息

在凸轮-滚子副润滑分析中，为求解接触区的卷吸速度对凸轮-滚子单元进行运动学分析，发现接触点除了绕凸轮轴轴心作定轴转动外，还会因为滚子升程的变化来回摆动，产生牵连运动. 卷吸速度的计算会采用忽略接触点运动的简化处理方法，但产生的误差鲜有研究. 使用点的合成运动法，将复杂运动转化为简单运动的叠加，简化了计算过程. 为更好的厘清凸轮与滚子间的运动学关系，将偏心轮-滚子作为凸轮-滚子的1个特例进行运动学分析，得到考虑接触点运动的卷吸速度解析解. 结果表明：考虑接触点运动的卷吸速度最大相对误差为8.89%，接触点的运动对卷吸速度计算的影响不可忽略. 讨论了偏心轮-滚子单元偏心距、偏心轮半径、滚子半径和偏心轮转速对卷吸速度计算结果的影响，发现偏心距较大时接触点运动的卷吸速度相对误差影响较大. 建立偏心轮-滚子副非牛顿点接触时变润滑模型，数值模拟了接触点的运动对润滑状态的影响. 发现偏心轮角度为0°时，y/a=0截面的中心膜厚差距最明显，相对误差可达6.30%，同时接触点的运动会给第二压力峰带来细微变化，因此不可以忽略接触点运动带来的影响.

关键词：偏心轮-滚子副接触点的运动卷吸速度运动学分析润滑状态

FSPM-P： towards a general functional-structural plant model for robust and comprehensive model development

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2016年第6期10卷 1103-1117页

作者： Michael hENKE Winfried KURTh gerhard h. BUCK-SORLIN Department of Ecoinformatics Biometrics and Forest Growth University of Gottingen Gottingen 37077 Germany UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en horticulture et Semences (IRhS) AGROCAMPUS OUEST Centre d'Angers Angers 49045 France

In the last decade, functional-structural plant modelling （FSPM） has become a more widely accepted paradigm in crop and tree production, as 3D models for the most important crops have been proposed. Given the wider portfolio of available models, it is now appropriate to enter the next level in FSPM development, by introducing more efficient methods for model development. This includes the consideration of model reuse （by modularisafion）, combination and comparison, and the enhancement of existing mod- els. To facilitate this process, standards for design and communication need to be defined and established. We present a first step towards an efficient and general, i.e., not speciesspecific FSPM, presently restricted to annual or bi-annual plants, but with the potential for extension and further generalization. Model structure is hierarchical and object-oriented, with plant organs being the base-level objects and plant individual and canopy the higher-level objects. Modules for the majority of physiological processes are incorporated, more than in other platforms that have a similar aim （e.g., photosynthesis, organ formation and growth）. Simulation runs with several general parameter sets adopted from the literature show that the present prototype was able to reproduce a plausible output range for different crops （rapeseed, barley, etc.） in terms of both the dynamics and final values （at harvest time） of model state variables such as assimilate production, organ biomass, leaf area and architecture.

关键词： functional-structural plant model prototyping,modelling standards teaching / learning FSPM GroIMP

Armoured mud balls as a result of ephemeral fluvial flood in a humid climate:Modern example from Guizhou Province,South China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2014年第4期3卷 410-418页

作者： gerhard h.Bachmann Martin-Luther-Universit?t Institut für GeowissenschaftenVon-Seckendorff-Platz 3D-06120 Halle (Saale)Halle (Saale)Germany

Armoured mud balls were observed after rainfall and a short flood in the otherwise dry Xiaohe （small river） valley of Guanling County, Guizhou Province, South China, approximately 30 km southwest of Guanling City. Armoured mud balls are most common in semiarid climates, but rather unusual in a humid climate as in Guizhou. A number of well-rounded mud balls, 2-20 cm in diameter, were found lying on the gravel of the Xiaohe gully floor. The mud balls consist of sticky, light brown and slightly mottled clay without carbonate content. The surfaces of the mud balls were studded with rims of sandor gravel-size limestone clasts, col- lected during bedload transport, as is typical for armoured mud balls. The mud balls originated from alluvial mudstone deposits of the valley floor and cliff that are most likely derived from the weathering and karstification of bedrock limestones. Such mudstones seem to be especially well suited for forming armoured mud balls. As flood events are rather common in the area, the formation of armoured mud balls should be very frequent in the Xiaohe valley and similar valleys nearby, giving the possibility for further and more detailed studies. To the best of our knowledge this is the first description of armoured mud balls in China.

关键词： armoured mud balls fluvial alluvial mudstones humid climate Guizhou South China

RESILIENCE 2.0： COMPUTER-AIDED DISASTER MANAGEMENT

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2017年第3期26卷 321-335页

作者： gerhard Chroust Georg Aumayr Institute for Telecooperation Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Johanniter Osterreich Ausbildung und Forschung Vienna Austria

Many factors （larger population, more dependency on technology, more human-caused interference in the natural systems and equilibria, climate changes,... ） contribute to the seemingly growing number and severity of disasters. Additional exaggeration is generated by public media. As a consequence Disaster Prevention and Disaster Management must be given increased attention. The ultimate goal of Disaster Management is resilience of the affected system and thus the adequate and acceptable survival of the affected population. We discuss system behavior in the case of an assault or disturbance： from being fragile （loss of their functionality due to the assault） to being resilient （having the capacity ... of bouncing back to dynamic stability after a disturbance）, or even antifragile （being able to ＂learn＂ so as to improve disaster resilience）. Resilience 2. 0 identifies a new paradigm： modem Information and Communication Technologies （ICT） are employed as a basis for enabling and improving resilience of a system. ICT provide the basis for sufficient preparation before an assault, for quick recognition of, and for effective, efficient reactions to disasters. Only the coordinated intra- and interphase deployment of ICT promises sufficient success and can bring resilience to currently as yet fragile systems. We discuss stressors （time and performance pressure, physical and psychological stress on personnel） and problems due to damaged ICT-platforms and communication infrastructure. The basic message is that computer-aided Disaster Management is able to offers a new level of reactivity： Resilience 2.0.

关键词： Disaster vulnerability resilience human reaction hazard threat systemic reaction

Biomimetic Sensors:Active Electrolocation of Weakly Electric Fish as a Model for Active Sensing in Technical Systems

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2007年第2期4卷 85-90页

作者： gerhard von der Emde Zoological Institute University of Bonn53115 BonnGermany

Instead of vision, many nocturnal animals use alternative senses for navigation and object detection in their dark environment. For this purpose, weakly electric mormyrid fish employ active electrolocation, during which they discharge a specialized electric organ in their tail which discharges electrical pulses. Each discharge builds up an electrical field around the fish, which is sensed by cutaneous electroreceptor organs that are distributed over most of the body surface of the fish. Nearby objects distort this electrical field and cause a local alteration in current flow in those electroreceptors that are closest to the object. By constandy monitoring responses of its electroreceptor organs, a fish can detect, localize, and identify environmental objects. Inspired by the remarkable capabilities of weakly electric fish in detecting and recognizing objects, we designed technical sensor systems that can solve similar problems of remote object sensing. We applied the principles of active electrolocation to technical systems by building devices that produce electrical current pulses in a conducting medium （water or ionized gases） and simultaneously sense local current density. Depending on the specific task a sensor was designed for devices could （i） detect an object, （ii） localize it in space, （iii） determine its distance, and （iv） measure properties such as material properties, thickness, or material faults. Our systems proved to be relatively insensitive to environmental disturbances such as heat, pressure, or turbidity. They have a wide range of applications including material identification, quality control, non-contact distance measurements, medical applications and many more. Despite their astonishing capacities, our sensors still lag far behind what electric fish are able to achieve during active electrolocation. The understanding of the neural principles governing electric fish sensory physiology and the corresponding optimization of our sensors to solve

关键词： biomimetic weakly electric fish sensory system electrolocation sensor

Spatial modeling issues in future smart cities

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2013年第1期16卷 7-12页

作者： gerhard SChMITT Department of Architecture and Future Cities Laboratory ETH ZürichZürichSwitzerlandand ETH CREATESingapore

It is our goal to make today’s and future cities smart,sustainable and *** order to achieve this,it is fundamental to understand how each city works,to formalize the knowledge gained and to apply it to a city model as the base for simulations that can generate future scenarios with a high level of *** nature of this model,which must cover design,qualitative and quantitative aspects,has changed over *** this study,we focus on the role of the spatial dimension and of geometry in a city *** from being a dominating generative force in ancient cities,spatial modeling has developed into an underlying description language for present and future cities to define functions and properties of the city in space and *** example of the stocks and flows model applied to the city depicts where and how spatial modeling influences the design,construction and performance of the future Smart City.

关键词： future cities spatial modeling stocks and flows city models reality-based 3D models

ThAI experimental research on hydrogen risk and source term related safety systems

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Frontiers in Energy 2021年第4期15卷 887-915页

作者： Sanjeev GUPTA Martin FREITAG gerhard POSS Becker Technologies Gmbh Rahmannstrasse 11Eschborn 65760Germany

In the defense-in-depth concept employed for the safety of nuclear installations,maintaining integrity of containment as the last barrier is of high importance to limit the release of radioactivity to the environment in case of a severe *** active and passive safety systems implemented in containments of light water reactors(LWRs)are designed to limit the consequences of such *** the performance and reliability of such systems under accident conditions is critical to the safety of nuclear *** the aftermath of the Fukushima accident,there has been focus on re-examining the existing safety systems to demonstrate their capabilities for a broader range of boundary conditions comprising both the early as well as the late phases of an *** addition to the performance testing of safety systems,their interaction with containment atmosphere needs detailed investigations to evaluate the effects of operation of safety systems on h2 risk and fission product(FP)behavior in containment,which may ultimately have an impact on the source term to the *** this context,an extensive containment safety related experimental research has been conducted in a thermalhydraulics,hydrogen,aerosols,and iodine test facility(ThAI,60 m3,single vessel)/(ThAI+,80 m3,two interconnected vessels).Related to the subject of this paper,experimental investigations covered performance testing of various safety and mitigation systems,i.e.,containment spray,passive autocatalytic recombiner(PAR),pressure suppression pool(water pools),and effects of their operation on h2 risk and in-containment FP *** experimental results have provided a better phenomenological understanding and database for validation and further improvement of a safety analysis tool based on computation fluid dynamic(CFD)and lumped parameter(LP)modeling *** paper summarizes the main insights obtained from the aforesaid ThAI experimental research covering safety systems

关键词： severe accident containment safety mitigation h2 risk source term