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The Role of the European Pharmacopoeia(Ph Eur)in Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine in European Member States

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015年第1期1卷 5-15页

作者： Mei Wang gerhard franz Sino-Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalised Medicine/SU BioMedicine University of Regensburg Department of Pharmacy

In order to assure the safety and efficacy of the Chinese Medicines in Europe, the quality of TCM herbals should be guaranteed so that they can be freely imported in the European Union and other Western European Countries which are signatories of the European Pharmacopoeia Convention. Consequently, new Ph Eur TCM herbal drug Monographs should be elaborated, based on preexisting Monographs in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Ch P) *** a program has been inaugurated in 2005 by the Ph Eur Groups of Experts 13 A and B(Phytochemistry). Since then good progress has been made, elaborating of about one third of the originally proposed 100 TCM herbals being identified as important monographs for the European Market. Taking into account the many challenges still laying ahead, the establishment of a specialized Working Party(WP) on TCM with specialists and experts from many EU Member States has been decided by the Ph Eur Commission in 2008 which is highly active ever since in the examination and elaboration of new TCM herbal drug monographs, primarily to assure the safety of the European patient and further to provide quality parameters extremely important for all registration and licensing procedures of the respective National Authorities all over *** paper is a survey of results and difficulties obtained so far which has been encountered meanwhile in the elaboration process by the Ph Eur TCM WP of these monographs and will discuss these in detail. Moreover the role of Ph Eur TCM monographs in the European community is addressed.

关键词： European Pharmacopeia(Ph Eur) Chinese Pharmacopoeia(ChP) Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) TCM monographs herbal drugs and quality control

Comparison of Granules for Prescription and Classical Decoctions by High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography-fingerprint Analysis

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2018年第1期4卷 1-7页

作者： Katharina Schiller Jorg Heilmann Detlef Manns gerhard franz Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Regensburg Federal Institute for Drugs and Medicinal Devices(BfArM)

Objective: The so?called granules for prescription have been developed about 20 years ago as a new form of modernizing and simplification of the classical decoction common in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practice. Due to actual problems in Germany/Europe, which are caused by the lack of quality monographs and judicial classification of granules for prescription, the aim of the study was a comparison of the chemical composition of commercial granules versus decoctions. Taking an example, decoctions, commercial granules, and organic extracts of two well?established TCM herbal drugs, Scrophulariae Radix and Xanthii Fructus, were examined in their specific composition. Methods: Using high?performance thin?layer chromatography (HPTLC) for fingerprint analysis of different batches of herbal drugs and samples from various suppliers of Xanthii Fructus and Scrophulariae Radix were critically examined. The decoctions were prepared according to traditional rules, while the granules were dissolved in water in accordance with actual regulations. Furthermore, organic extracts of the plant material were examined and compared with aqueous extracts. Results: It could be demonstrated, that in some cases, there are remarkable differences in the specific composition between granules from different suppliers, the classical aqueous decoction and the organic extract used for the HPTLC fingerprinting. On the other hand, few examples exist for good comparability of decoctions and commercial granules. Conclusion: After critical evaluation of the above results, it can be questioned, if there is a so?called phytoequivalence between decoctions and commercial granules for prescription used in TCM practice.

关键词： Granules for prescription phytoequivalence quality control quality monographs Scrophulariae Radix Xanthii Fructus

Correlation ofⅢ/Ⅴsemiconductor etch results with physical parameters of high-density reactive plasmas excited by electron cyclotron resonance

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Plasma Science and Technology 2017年第12期19卷 96-110页

作者： gerhard franz Ralf MEYER Markus-Christian AMANN Munich University of Applied Sciences Dep.06 34 LothstrasseMunichBavariaD-81730Germany Walter Schottky Institut Technische Universitht Miinchen Am CoulomwallGarchingBavariaD-85748Germany

Reactive ion etching is the interaction of reactive plasmas with surfaces. To obtain a detailed understanding of this process, significant properties of reactive composite low-pressure plasmas driven by electron cyclotron resonance（ECR） were investigated and compared with the radial uniformity of the etch rate. The determination of the electronic properties of chlorine-and hydrogen-containing plasmas enabled the understanding of the pressure-dependent behavior of the plasma density and provided better insights into the electronic parameters of reactive etch gases. From the electrical evaluation of I（V） characteristics obtained using a Langmuir probe,plasmas of different compositions were investigated. The standard method of Druyvesteyn to derive the electron energy distribution functions by the second derivative of the I（V）characteristics was replaced by a mathematical model which has been evolved to be more robust against noise, mainly, because the first derivative of the I（V） characteristics is used. Special attention was given to the power of the energy dependence in the exponent. In particular, for plasmas that are generated by ECR with EM modes, the existence of Maxwellian distribution functions is not to be taken as a self-evident fact, but the bi-Maxwellian distribution was proven for Ar-and Kr-stabilized plasmas. In addition to the electron temperature, the global uniform discharge model has been shown to be useful for calculating the neutral gas temperature. To what extent the invasive method of using a Langmuir probe could be replaced with the noninvasive optical method of emission spectroscopy, particularly actinometry, was investigated,and the resulting data exhibited the same relative behavior as the Langmuir data. The correlation with etchrate data reveals the large chemical part of the removal process—most striking when the data is compared with etching in pure argon. Although the relative amount of the radial variation of plasma density and etch rate

关键词： electron cyclotron resonance high-density plasma Langmuir probe EEDF radial plasma density radial uniformity

INTRODUCTION OF ASIAN HERBAL MEDICINES IN THE EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA: RELEVANCE OF THE CURRENT ASSAY POLICY

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015年第4期1卷 66-67页

作者： gerhard franz the TCM WP of the Ph Eur Commission University of Regensburg

Herbal drugs have a long tradition as medicines for the European *** are recognized within the regulatory framework of the European Union(EU)on medicinal products like all kinds of *** herbal drugs and the products made thereof have to proof their quality and safety prior to gaining access to the *** concern about the safety of TCM herbal drugs in the

关键词： INTRODUCTION OF ASIAN HERBAL MEDICINES IN THE EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA RELEVANCE OF THE CURRENT ASSAY POLICY

Quantitative Analysis of Eight Ginsenosides in Red Ginseng Using Ginsenoside Rg1 as Single Reference Standard

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2021年第1期7卷 1-5页

作者： Juan Da Qiu-Rong Wang Yan Wang Shuai Yao Yong Huang Wen-Long Wei Jian Liang Yao Shen gerhard franz De-An Guo Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization TechnologyShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China Department of Pharmacy University of RegensburgD 93040 RegensburgGermany

Objective:To develop a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantification of major ginsenosides in red ginseng(RG,the steamed and dried root of the cultivar of Panax ginseng ***).Methods:A feasible method was developed in strict accordance with chromatographic properties of eight *** contents could be unveiled with conventional external standard method,or as an alternative,using ginsenoside Rg1 as the single reference standard by means of seven conversion *** parameters had been validated on different chromatographic columns and ***:Twenty-one batches of RG samples were *** addition,the chromatograms of RG and confusing species,including Panax ginseng,Panax quinquefolium,and Panax notoginseng,were apparently ***:The method was proved to be efficient for the quality control of RG.

关键词： Ginsenosides high-performance liquid chromatography quantification red ginseng

Bimodal alarm signals modulate responses to monomodal alarm signals in Camponotus modoc carpenter ants

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Insect Science 2025年第1期32卷 343-355页

作者： Asim Renyard gerhard Gries Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada Abstract

Distressed western carpenter ants,Camponotus modoc,produce alarm pheromone and substrate-borne *** alarm pheromone attracts nestmates but the effects of vibratory signals,or of bimodal pheromonal and vibratory signals,are not *** ants of two Camponotus congeners reportedly stand still(“freeze”)or run fast in response to engineered drumming vibrations inputted on plastic,but many responses to ant-produced vibratory signals on wood have not yet been ***,orientating toward signalers under vertebrate predator attack seems maladaptive and not beneficial to ant *** tested the hypotheses(1)that vibratory alarm signals cause freezing,rapid running but not attraction of nestmates,and(2)that bimodal alarm signals modulate responses to monomodal alarm signals,thereby possibly reducing predation *** Doppler vibrometry recordings revealed that the ants’vibratory signals readily propagate through ant nest lamellae,and thus quickly inform nest mates of perceived *** a speaker modified to record and deliver vibratory signals,we obtained drumming signals of distressed ants on a Douglas fir veneer,and bioassayed signal effects on ants in an arena with a suspended veneer *** response playback of vibratory signals,ants ran rapidly,or froze,but did not approach the vibratory *** to alarm pheromone,ants frequently visited the pheromone ***,concurrently exposed to both alarm pheromone and vibratory signals,ants visited the pheromone source less often but spent more time“frozen.”The ants’modulated responses to bimodal signals seem adaptive but the reproductive fitness benefits are still to be quantified.

关键词： alarm pheromone communication Formicidae Hymenoptera nest defense vibratory signal

Translocator protein and neurodegeneration: insights from Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1090-1091页

作者： Arpit Kumar Pradhan Rainer Rupprecht gerhard Rammes Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin der Technischen Universität München Klinikum rechts der IsarMunichGermany Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMartinsriedGermany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University RegensburgRegensburgGermany

The 18 kDa translocator protein(TSPO)located on the outer mitochondrial membrane regulates several key cellular processes including mitochondrial homeostasis,cholesterol transport,apoptosis,cell proliferation,and maintenance of mitochondrial health(Rupprecht et al.,2022,2023).TSPO is expressed in both peripheral organs and the central nervous system,with a more pronounced expression in tissues that produce *** main reason why TSPO has garnered so much attention is because it plays a key role in neurosteroidogenesis by transferring cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane,which is the rate-limiting step in neurosteroid synthesis.A cholesterol-recognizing amino acid consensus domain has been identified in the cytosolic C terminus of the TSPO protein by both in vitro and site-directed mutagenesis experiments(Li et al.,2001).However,the role of TSPO in the process of neurosteroid synthesis has been challenged by several studies,particularly TSPO knockout models,which suggest that TSPO removal does not affect the phenotype or the system’s viability(Tu et al.,2014).However,ligands targeting TSPO have been shown to enhance levels of neurosteroids which suggests that neurosteroidogenesis is one of the major functional roles mediated by the TSPO protein.

关键词： cholesterol organs

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东西方风景画比较研究

文化艺术研究 2011年第1期4卷 226-241页

作者： Heinrich gerhard franz[德] 利光功[日](译) 河合哲夫[日](日译) 赫云(译) 李倍雷(校) 玉川大学天津师范大学天津300387 东南大学艺术学院南京211189

不同文化圈的美术学比较研究,可以使"艺术作品的相互解明"成为最有希望的可能性。当然,比较的方法,并不是把艺术作品的形式现象作为比较的基础,而应该努力选择以艺术作品的中心原理为出发点,比较和探讨东西方风景画的本质与结构特征,使... 详细信息

不同文化圈的美术学比较研究,可以使"艺术作品的相互解明"成为最有希望的可能性。当然,比较的方法,并不是把艺术作品的形式现象作为比较的基础,而应该努力选择以艺术作品的中心原理为出发点,比较和探讨东西方风景画的本质与结构特征,使美术学的研究与寻求并展示艺术作品根本要素的基本问题联系起来。对东西方美术基础"结构"的认识,唯有在比较研究中,才能有富有价值的阐释,才能够更确信地在特定的全体中整理个别艺术作品。通过比较研究,才可以断定一定艺术圈、时代以及人种或地理上一体的艺术的结构,这个"结构"显示了东西方艺术作品各自最内在的特性。

关键词：中国风景画西欧风景画比较结构

Feasibility study on the suitability of dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment of desert sand for concrete production purposes

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Plasma Science and Technology 2025年第1期27卷 111-117页

作者： Yorick FENNER Martin BELLMANN Andreas TUMMEL Christoph gerhard Faculty of Engineering and Health University of Applied Sciences and ArtsGöttingen 37085Germany Application Center for Plasma and Photonics Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin FilmsGöttingen 37085Germany School of Industrial and Information Engineering Politecnico di MilanoMilano 20133Italy

Due to the continuously increasing building and construction industry,sand has become one of the most questioned raw materials ***,the available amount of sand suitable for concrete production is orders of magnitude lower that the demand and *** though desert sand is sufficiently available,it is not usable for realizing stable concrete due to its surface *** this background,the suitability of energy-efficient‘cold'dielectric barrier discharge plasma operated at atmospheric pressure for improving the properties of concrete produced from desert sand was investigated in this *** is shown that such plasma treatment allows for a certain roughening and re-shaping of sand *** a result,the mass flow of treated sand is decreased due to an improved wedging of sand *** leads to a certain increase in compressive strength of concrete *** though this increase is marginal,the suitability of the applied type of plasma for modification of the geometry and surface chemistry of sand grains was proven,showing its basic potential for the treatment and preconditioning of sand used for concrete,mortar or plastering.

关键词： plasma treatment atmospheric pressure plasma sand concrete surface roughening mass flow compressive strength