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Cheap and secure metatransactions on the blockchain using hash-based authorisation and preferred batchers

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2023年第2期4卷 41-66页

作者： William Hughes Tobias Magnusson Alejandro Russo gerardo Schneider Dept.of Computer Science and Engineering University of Gothenburg41296GothenburgSweden Dept.of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University41296GothenburgSweden

Smart contracts are self-executing programs running in the blockchain allowing for decentralised storage and execution without a ***-chain execution is expensive,with miners charging fees for distributed execution according to a cost model defined in the *** particular,transactions have a high fixed *** present MultiCall,a transaction-batching interpreter for Ethereum that reduces the cost of smart contract executions by gathering multiple users’transactions into a *** current implementation of MultiCall includes the following features:the ability to emulate Ethereum calls and create transactions,both from MultiCall itself and using an identity unique to the user;the ability to cheaply pay Ether to other MultiCall users;and the ability to authorise emulated transactions on behalf of multiple users in a single transaction using hash-based authorisation rather than more expensive *** improves upon a previous version of *** experiments show that MultiCall provides a saving between 57%and 99%of the fixed transaction cost compared with the standard approach of sending Ethereum transactions directly.

关键词： Ethereum Domain-specific language Interpreter Gas optimisation

Seismic hazard prediction using multispectral amplification maps in a complex topographic area: A case study of Qiaozhuang town, Sichuan Province, Southwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第3期19卷 726-739页

作者： LUO Yong-hong XU Qiang ZHAN Wei-wei GRELLE gerardo State Key Laboratory of Geo-Hazard Prevention and Geo-Environment Protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155USA Department of Civil and Environment Engineering University of RomeRome 00184Italy

Earthquakes can cause widely distributed slope failures and damage in mountainous *** accurate prediction of ground motions in mountainous areas is essential for managing the seismic risk of urban cities near mountains but is restricted primarily by complex seismic site amplification effects in areas of uneven *** study selected Qiaozhuang town located in the Qingchuan–Pingwu fault zone,Southwest China,as a case study.A simulator for mapped seismic responses using a hybrid model(Si Se RHMap)was applied to compute the multispectral seismic topographic amplification maps at the three slope units surrounding Qiaozhuang town(Weigan hill,***,and ***).Post-earthquake damage survey maps,1 D seismic site response spectral ratios,and H/V spectral ratios of earthquake data were used to validate the computed seismic site amplification factors and resonance *** results suggest that strong topographic amplification effects usually occur at distinct slope locations,such as hilltops,convex slope positions,upslope,and narrow *** computed topographic amplification factors in the study area reached up to 2.4 at upslope or hilltops,and the resonance frequencies were between 3 and 10 *** effects can be as important as stratigraphic effects when assessing seismic amplification effects in the study *** conclude that both topographic and stratigraphic effects should be considered in the comprehensive seismic hazard assessment of the study area or other similar mountain towns.

关键词： Seismic hazard prediction Multispectral amplification map topographic effects Stratigraphic effects SiSeRHMap Wenchuan earthquake

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Insecticidal Effect of Green Bimetallic Nanoparticles from Crotalaria longirostrata on Cotton Mealybug,Phenacoccus solenopsis

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第10期10卷 2543-2552页

作者： Vianey Mendez-Trujillo Benjamín Valdez-Salas Mario Curiel-Alvarez Ernesto Beltran-Partida Arnoldo Alfaro-Corres Esaúruiz-Sanchez gerardo Bautista-Trujillo Olivia Tzintzun Camacho Onecimo Grimaldo-Juarez Carlos Ceceña-Duran Carlos Ail-Catzin Daniel González-Mendoza Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Dr.Humberto Torres Sanginés S/NCentro CívicoMexicaliBaja CaliforniaMéxico Instituto de Ingeniería de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Calle de la Normal S/N y Boulevard Benito JuárezMexicaliBaja CaliforniaMéxico Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal División de Estudios de Posgrado e InvestigaciónAntigua Carretera Mérida-MotulConkalYucatánMéxico Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas ChiapasMéxico Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Instituto de Ciencias AgrícolasBaja CaliforniaMéxico

The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of bimetallic nanoparticles(NPs)of copper(Cu)and zinc(Zn)from Crotalaria longirostrata on the insect mortality and cell viability of Phenacoccus *** biosynthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles(Cu/Zn-NPs)from *** was confirmed by the presence of a single peak around 378 *** hydrodynamic diameter of the Cu/Zn nanoparticles varied from 59 to 119 nm and their zeta potential was found to be−30.90 *** EDX analysis showed a strong signal for Cu and Zn(8 and 8.6 keV,respectively).The Cu/Zn-NPs showed an effective insecticide activity against *** with 63%of insect mortality after 96 h ***,further studies about nanotoxicity of Cu/Zn-NPs from *** are needed to reveal the exact mechanism of nanoparticles toxicity in insects.

关键词： Phytonanoparticles chipilin biocontrol agronanotechnology

Ionic liquid passivated black phosphorus for stabilized compliant electronics

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Nano Research 2023年第5期16卷 7858-7866页

作者： Ravindra Mehta Misook Min Ridwan F.Hossain Gustavo A.Saenz gerardo Gamboa Anupama B.Kaul Department of Materials Science and Engineering PACCAR Technology InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTX 76207USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of North TexasDentonTX 76207USA

Black phosphorus(BP)is an attractive material for two-dimensional(2D)electronics and optoelectronics given its direct optical band gap in the ***,the vulnerability of BP to oxygen and moisture under ambient conditions has been a significant impediment for the adoption of this material towards practical *** vulnerability has also curtailed the development of additively manufactured,solution processed,ink-jet printed BP devices,which are cost-effective alternatives to lithographically patterned rigid electronics and optoelectronics based on *** this work,we have fabricated stable BP electronic devices on flexible and compliant substrates using low-cost,additive manufacturing techniques with ink-jet printing through scalable chemical exfoliation *** address the stability issues with BP,ionic liquids(ILs)were used as a passivation layer on the surface of the BP to minimize oxidative *** enhanced stability of BP was inferred through Raman spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy techniques,where no observable changes in the A^(1)_(g)and A^(2)_(g)Raman vibrational modes were observed with time for the BP films passivated with ILs over a period of 168 h under ambient *** the other hand,a blue-shift in these Raman modes was evident for unpassivated *** probe microscopy measurements clearly revealed the difference in the surface characteristics through localized regions of degradation that intensified with time,which was clearly absent in IL/BP *** stability measurements were also conducted in electronic device platforms for IL coated BP devices,where the temperature T dependence of the I_(ds)-V_(ds)characteristic was measured from T~5.4 to 335 *** demonstrations of stabilized ILs/BP devices at ambient printed on flexible polyimide substrates were also *** irradiation with broadband radiation appears to have a significant influence on the electrical behavior of BP,evident through t

关键词： 2D materials black phosphorus ionic liquids ink-jet printing flexible electronics

Autoimmune liver diseases and SARS-CoV-2

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第12期29卷 1838-1851页

作者： Costantino Sgamato Alba Rocco Debora Compare Stefano Minieri Stefano Andrea Marchitto Simone Maurea gerardo Nardone Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery University of Naples Federico ⅡNaples 80131Italy Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences University of Naples Federico ⅡNaples 80131Italy

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),causing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),can trigger autoimmunity in genetically predisposed individuals through hyperstimulation of immune response and molecular *** we summarise the current knowledge about autoimmune liver diseases(AILDs)and SARS-CoV-2,focusing on:(1)The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the course of COVID-19 in patients affected by AILDs;(2)the role of SARS-CoV-2 in inducing liver damage and triggering AILDs;and(3)the ability of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to induce autoimmune responses in the *** derived from the literature suggest that patients with AILDs do not carry an increased risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection but may develop a more severe course of COVID-19 if on treatment with steroids or *** SARSCoV-2 infection can lead to the development of several autoimmune diseases,few reports correlate it to the appearance of de novo manifestation of immunemediated liver diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)or AIH/PBC overlap *** case series of an AIHlike syndrome with a good prognosis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination have been *** the causal link between SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and AIH cannot be definitively established,these reports suggest that this association could be more than coincidental.

关键词： Autoimmune liver disease SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 COVID-19 vaccine Autoimmune hepatitis

Timing of Proterozoic magmatism in the Sunsas belt, Bolivian Precambrian Shield, SW Amazonian Craton

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第6期12卷 277-293页

作者： Ingrid M.Nedel Reinhardt A.Fuck Amarildo S.ruiz gerardo R.Matos-Salinas Alanielson da C.D.Ferreira Instituto de Geociências Universidade de Brasília(UnB)Brasília-DFBrazil Faculdade de Geociências Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoCuiabá-MTBrazil Instituto de Investigaciones Geológicas y del Medio Ambiente Universidad Mayor de San Andrés(UMSA)Pabellón GeologíaCalle 27Campus Universitario Cota CotaLa PazBolivia Department of Earth Sciences Stellenbosch UniversityPrivate Bag X1Matieland7602 StellenboschSouth Africa

We present new U–Pb zircon and monazite ages from the Sunsas belt granitic magmatism in Bolivia, SW Amazonian Craton. The geochronological results revealed four major magmatic events recorded along the Sunsas belt domains. The older igneous event formed a granitic basement coeval to the Rio Apa Terrane(1.95–1.85 Ga) in the southern domain. The second magmatic episode is represented by 1.68 Ga granites associated to the Paraguá Terrane(1.69–1.66 Ga) in the northern domain. The 1.37–1.34 Ga granites related to San Ignacio orogeny represent the third and more pervasive magmatic event, recorded throughout the Sunsas belt. Moreover, magmatic ages of ~1.42 Ga revealed that the granitogenesis associated to the Santa Helena orogeny also affected the Sunsas belt, indicating that it was not restricted to the Jauru Terrane. Lastly, the 1.10–1.04 Ga youngest magmatism was developed during the Sunsas orogeny and represents the final magmatic evolution related to Rodinia assembly. Likewise, the 1.95–1.85 and 1.68 Ga inherited zircon cores obtained in the ~1.3 Ga and 1.0 Ga granite samples suggest strong partial melting of the Paleoproterozoic sources. The 1079 ± 14 Ma and 1018 ± 6 Ma monazite crystallization ages can be correlated to the collisional tectono-thermal event of the Sunsas orogeny, associated to reactions of medium-to high-grade metamorphism. Thus, the Sunsas belt was built by heterogeneous 1.95–1.85 Ga and 1.68 Ga crustal fragments that were reworked at 1.37–1.34 Ga and 1.10–1.04 Ga related to orogenic collages. Furthermore, the 1.01 Ga monazite age suggests that granites previously dated by zircon can bear evidence of a younger thermal history. Therefore, the geochronological evolution of the Sunsas belt may have been more complex than previously thought.

关键词： SW Amazonian Craton Sunsas belt U–Pb geochronology Zircon Monazite

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Host-parasite interactions in perpetual darkness:Macroparasite diversity in the cavefish Astyanax mexicanus

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Zoological Research 2023年第4期44卷 782-792页

作者： Ana Santacruz David Hernández-Mena Ramses Miranda-Gamboa gerardo Pérez-Ponce De León Claudia Patricia Ornelas-García Departamento de Zoología Instituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico City CP 04510México Departamento de Sistemas y Procesos Naturales Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad MéridaUcúYucatán CP 97357México Instituto de Energías Renovables Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTemixcoMorelos CP 62580México Colección Nacional de Peces Departamento de ZoologíaInstituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico City CP 04510México Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas CityMO 64110USA

Astyanax mexicanus has repeatedly colonized cave environments,displaying evolutionary parallelisms in many troglobitic *** being a model system for the study of adaptation to life in perpetual darkness,the parasites that infect cavefish are practically *** this study,we investigated the macroparasite communities in 18 cavefish populations from independent lineages and compared them with the parasite diversity found in their sister surface fish populations,with the aim of better understanding the role that parasites play in the colonization of new *** the cavefish populations,we identified 13 parasite taxa,including a subset of 10 of the 27 parasite taxa known for the surface *** infecting the cavefish belong to five taxonomic groups,including trematodes,monogeneans,nematodes,copepods,and *** are the most dominant group,found in 14 *** macroparasites include species with direct life cycles and trophic transmission,including invasive ***,paired comparisons indicate higher parasite richness in the cavefish than in the surface *** variation in parasite composition across the caves suggests historical and geographical contingencies in the host-parasite colonization process and potential evolution of local *** base-line data on parasite diversity in cavefish populations of *** provides a foundation to explore the role of divergent parasite infections under contrasting ecological pressures(cave *** environments)in the evolution of cave adaptive traits.

关键词： Adaptation Metazoan parasites Niche change Parasite assemblage Prevalence

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Intensive or not surveillance of patients with colorectal cancer after curative resection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第12期16卷 1427-1429页

作者： gerardo Rosati Medical Oncology Unit S.Carlo Hospital

It is common practice to follow patients with colorectal cancer for some years after resection and/or adjuvant *** are lacking about how often patients should be seen,what tests should be performed,and what surveillance strategy has a signifi cant impact on patient *** randomized trials have addressed this issue,but none had sufficient statistical *** published meta-analyses have established that overall survival is significantly improved for patients in the more intensive programs of *** improvement amounts to a risk difference of 7%(95% CI:3%-12%,P=0.002) in 5-year *** should be partly attributable to more frequent reoperation for cure of asymptomatic recurrence,or more intense follow-up,as well other factors,such increased psychosocial support and well-being,diet and lifestyle optimization,and/or improved treatment of coincidental diseases.A large-scale multicenter European study [Gruppo Italiano di Lavoro per la Diagnosi Anticipata(GILDA)] is underway to answer the question of what constitutes optimal surveillance for patients after primary therapy,based on an adequately powered study.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Follow-up Meta-analysis Recurrence Salvage surgery

Chromium Differentially Affects Hydrogen Peroxide Distribution in Primary and Adventitious Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana L.

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第1期89卷 35-43页

作者： Aaron Giovanni Munguia-Rodriguez Jose Lopez-Bucio gerardo Rangel Sanchez Leon Francisco ruiz-Herrera Yazmin Carreon-Abud Miguel Martinez-Trujillo Instituto de Investigaciones Quimico-Biológicas Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de HidalgoEdificio B3Ciudad UniversitariaC.P58030MoreliaMichoacanMexico Facultad de Biologia Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo.Edificio RCiudad UniversitariaC.P58030 MoreliaMichoacanMexico

The post-embryonic growth of the Arabidopsis thaliana root system can be modified by different types of stress,such as sublethal concentrations of metals,which may induce the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS).In this study,the effects of different concentrations of potassium chromate(K_(2)CrO_(4))on the distribution and relative quantity of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))were determined in primary and adventitious roots in *** HyPer line *** line has a biosensor that specifically reports H_(2)O_(2) levels within tissues as *** root growth was inhibited at 100μM Cr(VI);in contrast,adventitious root formation was induced over the main root growth *** structures proliferated from 100-160μM Cr(VI),and much higher concentrations(180-200μM)of K_(2)CrO_(4) were required to affect their *** H_(2)O_(2) distributions were observed in the columella and lateral root cap of primary roots of plants grown in medium lacking dichromate,but following the development of toxicity symptoms,H_(2)O_(2) changed its distribution to the meristem and differentiation ***,adventitious roots had comparable H_(2)O_(2) distribution patterns in untreated plants and those exposed to Cr(VI)***,differential H_(2)O_(2) distribution correlates with the resistance of adventitious roots,but not primary roots,to dichromate and underlies cell reorganization at the apex to support growth.

关键词： Chromate hydrogen peroxide root growth meristem ion toxicity adaptation