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Planning the hepatitis C virus elimination in Cyprus:A modeling study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第31期27卷 5219-5231页

作者： Ilias Gountas Ioanna Yiasemi Evi Kyprianou Christos Mina Chrysanthos Georgiou Petros Katsioloudes Andri Kouroufexi Anna Demetriou Elena Xenofontos georgios nikolopoulos Medical School University of CyprusNicosia 1678Cyprus Cyprus Monitoring Centre Cyprus National Addictions AuthorityNicosia 1678Cyprus Nicosia General Hospital Nicosia 1678Cyprus Evangelistria Medical Centre Nicosia 1678Cyprus Ministry of Health Pharmaceutical ServicesNicosia 1678Cyprus Ministry of Health Health Monitoring UnitNicosia 1678Cyprus Department of Internal Medicine Limassol General HospitalLimassol 4131Cyprus

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is a major global public health *** the Republic of Cyprus,the estimated prevalence of chronic hepatitis C(CHC)among the general population is 0.6%,while the CHC prevalence among people who inject drugs(PWID)is estimated at 46%.Direct-acting antivirals that can eliminate HCV are not yet widely available in the Republic of ***,when direct-acting antivirals become available,a long-term strategic plan to guide elimination efforts will be needed to maximize the effect of *** To determine the programmatic targets to eliminate HCV in the Republic of *** A dynamic,stochastic,individual-based model of HCV transmission,disease progression,and cascade of care was calibrated to data from *** model stratifies the population into the infected general population and the PWID population.A variety of test,prevention,and treatment strategies concerning the general population,PWID,or both were *** time horizon of the analysis was until *** Under the status quo scenario,the model predicted that 75(95%confidence interval(CI):60,91)and 575(95%CI:535,615)liver-related deaths and new infections would occur by 2034,*** an expanded treatment program,without screening interventions,would cause modest outcomes regarding CHC prevalence(16.6%reduction in 2034 compared to 2020)and liverrelated deaths(10 deaths would be prevented compared to the status quo scenario by 2034).Implementing a test and treat strategy among the general population but without any intervention in the PWID population would suffice to meet the mortality target but not the incidence *** achieve HCV elimination in Cyprus,3080(95%CI:3000,3200)HCV patients need to be diagnosed and treated by 2034(2680 from the general population and 400 from PWID),and harm reduction coverage among PWID should be increased by 3%per year(from 25%in 2020 to 67%in 2034).CONCLUSION Elimination of HCV is a demanding pub

关键词： Mathematical modelling Projections Hepatitis C virus elimination Directacting antivirals Screening campaigns

Protective and defensive roles of non-glandular trichomes against multiple stresses:structure-function coordination

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 1-12页

作者： George Karabourniotis georgios Liakopoulos Dimosthenis nikolopoulos Panagiota Bresta Laboratory of Plant Physiology Department of Crop ScienceAgricultural University of Athens

As superficial structures,non-glandular trichomes,protect plant organs against multiple biotic and abiotic *** protective and defensive roles of these epidermal appendages are crucial to developing organs and can be attributed to the excellent combination of suitable structural traits and chemical reinforcement in the form of phenolic compounds,primarily fl *** the formation of trichomes and the accumulation of phenolics are interrelated at the molecular *** the early stages of development,non-glandular trichomes show strong morphological similarities to glandular ones such as the balloon-like apical cells with numerous *** later developmental stages,and during secondary wall thickening,phenolics are transferred to the cell walls of the *** to the diff use deposition of phenolics in the cell walls,trichomes provide protection against UV-B radiation by behaving as optical fi lters,screening out wavelengths that could damage sensitive *** from strong visible radiation is also aff orded by increased surface light refl ***,the mixtures of trichome phenolics represent a superfi-cial chemical barrier that provides protection against biotic stress factors such as herbivores and *** the cells of some trichomes die at maturity,they can modulate their quantitative and qualitative characteristics during development,depending on the prevailing conditions of the external biotic or abiotic *** fact,the structure and chemical constituents of trichomes may change due to the particular light regime,herbivore damage,wounding,water stress,salinity and the presence of heavy ***,trichomes represent dynamic protective structures that may greatly aff ect the outcome of many plant–environment interactions.

关键词： Non-glandular trichomes Phenolics Flavonoids Protection Defence Biotic stress Abiotic stress

Simulating Medical Imaging X-Ray Tubes with Various Parameters Using BEAMnrc Monte Carlo Software

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Open Journal of Radiology 2022年第3期12卷 125-141页

作者： Nikolaos Chatzisavvas Thanasis Koustas georgios Karpetas Ioannis Valais georgios Priniotakis Dimitrios nikolopoulos Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering University of West Attica Athens Greece Department of Medical Physics Medical School University of Patras Patra Greece Medical School University of Thessaly Larissa Greece Department of Biomedical Engineering University of West Attica Athens Greece

Context: Medical imaging has a wide range of applications in today’s society. Basic projectional radiography, CT scans, mammograms and a range of other advanced technologies all use x-rays to create a large number of examinations every day across the world. The most essential component of such medical equipment is the x-ray tube, which creates and produces x-rays. Objective: We describe and investigate an abstract model-geometry of a simple x-ray tube utilizing the open-source software package of BEAMnrc of the EGSnrcmp family, which is well validated by several studies over the years, for high and low energy photons generation. Methodology: Our research focuses on two different electron beam energies: 120 keV and 30 keV. The 120 keV is the typical energy for simple projectional radiographic exams and CT examinations, whereas the 30 keV is the typical energy of mammography. Results: Two different anode materials are used for each case, Gold (Au) and Tungsten (W) for 120 keV because these are the most common in projectional radiography and CT;Molybdenum (Mo) and Rhodium (Rh) for 30 keV because with these targets most mammography exams are carried out. The aim of this work is to show how the BEAMnrc software package can simulate effectively x-ray generation of low-energy photons which are utilized in modern medical imaging procedures. We describe useful information on anode-target characteristics, such as anode angle, anode material, and metal filter materials, based on previous quality studies even by using software other than BEAMnrc. Conclusion: We demonstrate that BEAMnrc can be efficiently used for Monte Carlo modeling of low-energy photons.

关键词： Bremsstrahlung Filter Monte Carlo Spectral Distribution X-Ray Tube

Distribution Profiles and Interrelations of Stomatal Conductance, Transpiration Rate and Water Dynamics in Young Maize Laminas under Nitrogen Deprivation

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第5期5卷 659-670页

作者： Dimitris L. Bouranis Alexandros Dionias Styliani N. Chorianopoulou georgios Liakopoulos Dimosthenis nikolopoulos Plant Physiology Laboratory Department of Crop Science Agricultural University of Athens Athens Greece

Seven-day-old maize (Zea mays) plants were grown hydroponically for ten days in N-deprived nutrient solution. The distribution profiles according to the position on the stem of the –N laminas stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate (1st-group) were monitored, along with the corresponding profiles of dry mass, water amount, water content, length, surface area, and specific surface area (2nd-group), relative to control. In the uppermost –N laminas, the changes within a parameter of the 1st-group were significantly higher and of the 2nd-group significantly lower than the control, respectively. Correlations of the corresponding values among the parameters of the 1st-or 2nd-group were linear. The parameters between groups correlated non-linearly. Transpiration rate was divided by the lamina’s dry mass correlated with surface area in a power-type function. The slopes of the response ratios linear relations between the various pairs of parameters could be used for simulation of a lamina’s response to the deprivation.

关键词： N-Deprivation Hydroponics Zea mays Stomatal Conductance Transpiration Rate Photosynthetic Rate Response Ratios

Comparison of the S-, N- or P-Deprivations’ Impacts on Stomatal Conductance, Transpiration and Photosynthetic Rate of Young Maize Leaves

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第8期3卷 1058-1065页

作者： Dimitris L. Bouranis Styliani N. Chorianopoulou Alexandros Dionias Giouli Sofianou Aristotelis Thanasoulas georgios Liakopoulos Dimosthenis nikolopoulos Plant Physiology Laboratory Division of Plant Biology Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Agricultural University of Athens Athens Greece.

Seven-day-old maize (Zea mays) plants were grown hydroponically for ten days in deprived nutrient solutions against the corresponding control grown under full nutrition;the effects of S-, N- or P-deprivation on laminas’ mean stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E) and photosynthetic rate (A) were monitored, along with the impact on the laminas’ total dry mass (DM), water amount (W), length and surface area (Sa). Furthermore, a time series analysis of each parameter’s response ratios (Rr), i.e. the treatment’s value divided by the corresponding control’s one, was performed. Under S-deprivation, the Rr of laminas’ mean gs, E, and A presented oscillations within a ±15% fluctuation zone, notably the “control” zone, whilst those of laminas’ total DM, water amount, surface area, and length included oscillation during the first days and deviation later on, presenting deviation during d10. Under the N-deprivation conditions all Rr time courses except the A one, included early deviations from the control zone without recovering. The deviation from the control zone appeared at d4. Under P-deprivation, all Rr time courses represented oscillations within the control zone. P-deprivation’s patterns resembled those of S-deprivation. Compared to the one of the S-deprivation, the P-one’s oscillations took place within a broader zone. Linear relationships among the various Rr patterns were found between gs-E, gs-A, E-A, DM-W and DM-Sa. In conclusion, the impact of P-deprivation appeared in an early stage and included an alleviation action, the one of N-deprivation appeared early with no alleviation action, whilst that of S-deprivation appeared later, being rather weaker when compared to the impact of the P-deprivation’s impact.

关键词： S-Deprivation N-Deprivation P-Deprivation Hydroponics Zea Mays Stomatal Conductance Transpiration Rate Photosynthetic Rate Response Ratios Fluctuation Analysis

Simulating Medical Imaging X-Ray Tubes with Various Parameters Using BEAMnrc Monte Carlo Software

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Comparison of the S-, N- or P-Deprivations’ Impacts on Stomatal Conductance,Transpiration and Photosynthetic Rate of Young Maize Leaves

Open Journal of Radiology（放射学期刊） 2022年第3期

作者： nikolaos chatzisavvas thanasis koustas georgios karpetas ioannis valais georgios priniotakis dimitrios nikolopoulos

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