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Health 2014年第14期6卷 1706-1713页

作者： Idesi Chilinda georgina Hourahane mercy Pindani Caroline Chitsulo Alfred maluwa Kamuzu College of Nursing University of Malawi Lilongwe Campus Lilongwe Malawi Wales Centre for Evidence-Based Care School of Nursing and Midwifery Studies Cardiff University Cardiff UK

The aim of the review was to synthesise the best available evidence regarding attitude of health care providers towards adolescent sexual and reproductive health services in developing countries. The review was conducted following qualitative research method. An online search of Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), British Nursing Index (BNI), EmBASE and mEDLINE databases was conducted to identify relevant studies for the review. There were nine studies that met the inclusion criteria and these were critically assessed by two independent reviewers using the standardised Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal forms. Data were extracted using the standardised JBI data extraction forms. A narrative synthesis was done on the findings. Key findings from the review indicate that unprofessional attitude of health care professionals and lack of youth friendly reproductive health services, inhibit adolescents from gaining access to sexual and reproductive health services in developing countries. It is recommended that youth friendly reproductive health services be provided to increase uptake of re-productive health services by adolescents.

关键词： Adolescents Reproductive Health Systematic Review Access to Health Services Qualitative Studies Barriers Attitudes Developing Countries

Orientation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy—the only way is up

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2023年第3期15卷 146-152页

作者： Arun Sivananthan georgina Kerry Ara Darzi Kinesh Patel Nisha Patel Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College LondonLondon W21NYUnited Kingdom Liver Intensive Care Unit King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SE59RSUnited Kingdom Gastroenterology Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW109NHUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy is the gold standard investigation for the upper gastrointestinal(UGI)*** during endoscopy is challenging and United Kingdom training focusses on technical competence and procedural *** reported location of UGI pathologies is crucial to post-endoscopic *** To evaluate endoscopists’ability to spatially orientate themselves within the UGI *** A cross sectional descriptive study elicited,using an anonymised survey,the ability of endoscopists to orientate themselves within the UGI *** primary outcome was percentage of correct answers from all surveyed;secondary outcomes were percentage of correct answers from experienced vs novice ***’sχ2 test was applied to compare *** Of 188 respondents,86 were experienced endoscopists having completed over 1000 endoscopies.44.4%of respondents correctly identified the anterior stomach and 47.3%correctly identified the posterior of the second part of the duodenum(D2).Experienced endoscopists were significantly more likely than novice to identify the anterior stomach correctly[61.6%vs 31.3%,X2(1,n=188)=11.10,P=0.001].There was no significant difference between the two groups in identifying the posterior of *** The majority of endoscopists surveyed were unable to identify key landmarks within the UGI *** orientation appears to improve with experience yet there are some areas still not well *** has potential considerable impact on post-endoscopic management of patients with posterior duodenal ulcers being more likely to perforate and associated with a higher rebleeding *** suggest the development of a consensus statement on endoscopic description.

关键词： Endoscopy Orientation Upper gastrointestinal Gastric cancer Duodenal ulcer

monitoring Water Quality in Ballona Lagoon, Los Angeles, California: Nitrate Level Fluctuation in Low and High Tide Condition

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2023年第7期15卷 333-345页

作者： mohammad Hassan Rezaie-Boroon georgina Campos marleni Estrada Patrik Kwan Daniel Venegas Geography Geology and Environment Department California State University Los Angeles California USA

The coastal wetland, Ballona Lagoon in Southern California has experienced degradation and size reduction due to urbanization. This study analyzes nitrate concentrations in the lagoon to identify contamination sources and assess its impact. The study includes determining nitrate levels during high and low tides during wet and dry seasons, establishing concentration gradients, and examining the relationship between salinity and nitrate concentrations. The nitrate concentrations were found to be higher in locations closer to the head of the lagoon, particularly in urbanized areas, suggesting land-based sources during the dry season’s high tide (S2: 2.37 mg/l;S3: 3.85 mg/l;S4: 3.91 mg/l). Findings highlight the importance of managing nitrate contamination near urban areas. monitoring nitrate levels over time are crucial for sustainability efforts. This research emphasizes the need for long-term monitoring and conservation strategies to mitigate nitrate contamination in Ballona Lagoon.

关键词： Ballona Lagoon Urbanization Nitrate Contamination Nitrification

Downregulation of Scar Fibroblasts by Antineoplastic Drugs: A Potential Treatment for Fibroproliferative Disorders

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Surgical Science 2016年第6期7卷 258-271页

作者： m. georgina Uberti Yvonne N. Pierpont Rajat Bhalla Karan Desai martin C. Robson Wyatt G. Payne Institute for Tissue Regeneration Repair & Rehabilitation Bay Pines V.A. Healthcare System Bay Pines USA Division of Plastic Surgery University of South Florida Tampa USA

The various fibroproliferative disorders affecting humans have in common excess fibroblast activity and persistent overexpression or dysregulated activity of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Cancer has many similar characteristics. Antineoplastic drugs can downregulate fibroblast activity and cytokine growth factors. This study evaluates the effect of six antineoplastic drugs on keloid and Dupuytren’s disease fibroblasts. Keloid, normal scar, Dupuytren’s affected palmar fascia, and normal palmar fascia fibroblasts were grown and seeded into Fibroblast Populated Collagen Lattices (FPCLs). The FPCLs were treated with one of six antineoplastic drugs or left untreated as controls. At 7 days, supernatants were extracted from all FPCLs and assayed for expression of Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β2. All six antineoplastic drugs significantly inhibited FPCL contraction in both fibroproliferative conditions compared with the untreated controls (p β1 and TGF-β2 expression was downregulated in the supernatants of all FPCLs by the drug exposure. Cytotoxicity did not occur in these studies and was not the reason for the results. Although antineoplastic drugs can have significant side effects when given systemically, these results may be minimized when given to small areas involved in fibroproliferative scarring or when given topically or intralesionally. These in vitro results suggest that antineoplastic drugs may have a utility for treating various fibroproliferative disorders and warrant further investigation.

关键词： Scar Fibroblasts Antineoplastic Drugs Fibroproliferative Disorders Dupuytren’s Disease Keloid

Physical activity, weight status and diet in adolescents: are children meeting the guidelines

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Health 2010年第10期2卷 1142-1149页

作者： Spencer E. Boyle georgina L. Jones Stephen J. Walters 不详

Childhood obesity is on the increase and maintaining regular physical activity and consuming a healthy diet have become essential tools to combat the condition. The United Kingdom government has recommended guidelines for optimal levels of diet and activity in children. The aim of this paper is to describe and compare self-reported physical activity levels, diet, and Body mass Indices (BmI) amongst adolescent children, aged 11-15, in the South West (SW) and North West (NW) regions of England and to see if these children were meeting the current targets for optimal levels of: physical activity;fruit/vegetable consumption;fat consumption and BmI. We report the results of a cross-sectional survey of four secondary schools and 1,869 children using the self-reported Western Australian Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (CAPANS) physical activity instrument and a food intake screener questionnaire, in summer and winter. We found that 25% (469/1869) 95% CI: 23% to 27%, of children engaged in 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day;53% (995/1866) 95% CI: 51% to 56%, took 5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day;while 22% (407/1861) 95% CI: 20% to 24% consumed recommended amount of fats, and 23.7% (276/1164) 95% CI: 21% to 26%, of pupils were obese or overweight as classified by their BmI. Self reported physical activity in young people regardless of area is lower than previously reported and the lack of students engaging in 60 minutes moderate to vigorous activity could have serious public health consequences. If sustained, this could lead to more overweight adults, and more ill health.

关键词： Physical Activity Diet Exercise Adolescents Guidelines

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司法职业道德的“教育”：加拿大的方法

法律适用 2008年第6期 78-80页

作者： georgina.R.Jackson C.Adele Kent 加拿大saskatchewan省上诉法院加拿大Albena王座法院法官

一、引言这篇简要的论文的目的是描述加拿大向法官进行职业道德“教育”。之所以在“教育”两字上加引号,是因为加拿大国家司法研究所（National Judicial Institute）并非在通常的＂教育＂的意义上,向法官们“讲授”职业道德。相反,正... 详细信息

一、引言这篇简要的论文的目的是描述加拿大向法官进行职业道德“教育”。之所以在“教育”两字上加引号,是因为加拿大国家司法研究所（National Judicial Institute）并非在通常的＂教育＂的意义上,向法官们“讲授”职业道德。相反,正如下文所说明的,它只是提供一种平台或论坛,供法官们讨论与司法职业道德有关的问题。

关键词：司法职业道德加拿大教育法官研究所国家

Using a macroalgal Functional Form Approach to Assess the Level of Disturbance of Seagrass meadows in Bahía of Nuevitas,Cuba(2000-2002)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第11期10卷 2020-2033页

作者： Rubén Cabrera Jhoana Diaz-Larrea Schery Umanzor Laura georgina Núnez Garcia Gabinete de Arqueologia Oficina del Historiador de la CiudadHabana ViejaCuba Departamento de Hidrobiologia Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaMexico CityMexico Department of Ecology&Evolutionary Biology University of ConnecticutStamfordCTUSA

A study on the spatial and seasonal variations of the associate macroalgae and epiphytes of Thalassia testudinum was carried out in Bahía de Nuevitas. Sixty-two species were identified: 3 Cyanophyta, 25 Chlorophyta, 8 Phaeophyceae, 23 Rhodophyta and 3 magnoliophyta, with two new records for Cuba and 43 for the area. The differences in the specific composition of the macroalgae communities are determined by a space component related to the type of affectation in each area. The morpho-functional groups of macroalgae in the station with more nutrient influence were mainly foliaceous and filamentous. In the stations far from the city, the predominant morpho-types were the leathery and articulate calcareous indicators of lower nitrification levels. The abundance and diversity of macroalgae in the site affected by fisheries were lower due to the damage by bottom trawls. Seasonal variations were found in the relative abundance of the species, not in the diversity, which makes evident seasonal changes in the structure of the seaweeds, where some species replace others in the community.

关键词： Cuba Epiphytes Thalassia morpho-Functional Groups Seaweeds

Treatment of dysplastic Barrett's Oesophagus in lower volume centres after structured training

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2015年第1期7卷 66-72页

作者： georgina Chadwick Jack Faulkner Robert Ley-Greaves Panagiotis Vlavianos Rob Goldin Jonathan Hoare Department of Gastroenterology St Marys HospitalW2 1NY LondonUnited Kingdom Department of Histopathology St Marys HospitalW2 1NY LondonUnited Kingdom

AIm: To investigate whether dysplastic Barrett's Oesophagus can be safely and effectively treated endoscopically in low volume centres after structured training. mETHODS: After attending a structured training program in Amsterdam on the endoscopic treatment of dysplastic Barrett's Oesophagus, treatment of these patients was initiated at St marys Hospital. This is a retrospective case series conducted at a United Kingdom teaching Hospital, of patients referred for endoscopic treatment of Barrett's oesophagus with high grade dysplasia or early cancer, who were diagnosed between January 2008 and February 2012. Data was collected on treatment provided(radiofrequency ablation and endoscopic resection), and success of treatment both at the end of treatment and at follow up. Rates of immediate and long term complications were assessed. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were referred to St marys with high grade dysplasia or intramucosal cancer within a segment of Barrett's Oesophagus. Twentyseven met the study inclusion criteria, 16 of these had a visible nodule at initial endoscopy. Treatment was given over a median of 5 mo, and patients received a median of 3 treatment sessions over this time. At the end of treatment dysplasia was successfully eradicated in 96% and intestinal metaplasia in 88%, on per protocol analysis. Patients were followed up for a median of 18 mo. At which time complete eradication of dysplasia was maintained in 86%. Complications were rare: 2 patients suffered from post-procedural bleeding, 4 cases were complicated by oesophageal stenosis. Recurrence of cancer was seen in 1 case. CONCLUSION: With structured training good outcomes can be achieved in low volume centres treating dysplastic Barrett's Oesophagus.

关键词： Barrett's Oesophagus Oesophageal cancer Endoscopic treatment Radiofrequency ablation Endoscopic resection

Associative learning in ADHD: improved expression under methylphenidate

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2011年第2期1卷 20-29页

作者： Ebrahim Kantini Helen Joan Cassaday martin Joseph Batty Chris Hollis georgina margaret Jackson School of Psychology University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterised by developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. As might be expected of a disorder in which inhibitory deficits form part of the diagnostic criteria, deficits in response inhibition in ADHD have been evidenced in a number of studies. To date, the tasks used in such studies have required participants to inhibit the learned stimulus-response associations that result in unwanted behavior. However, no research has examined the inhibition of stimulus-stimulus associations, formally ‘conditioned inhibition’. The present study used video game style conditioned inhibition procedures, developed for children and adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD and suitable for typically developing matched controls. Two computer-based tasks (‘mission to mars’ and ‘Weapon-X’) required participants to predict the occurrence of an outcome based on the stimuli presented. We selected 12 male participants with ADHD on medication (methylphenidate), but without comorbid Tourette Syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder, learning disability or psychosis. This group showed overall normal inhibition of stimulus-stimulus associations, measured repeatedly over trials and with two task variants. There was no correlation between inhibitory learning and symptom severity ratings. However, participants with ADHD on higher dosages of methylphenidate, or longer duration of treatment with methylphenidate, showed improved ability to anticipate outcomes following the different stimulus presentations on non-inhibited versus inhibited trials. This effect was most clearly demonstrated on the Weapon-X task. Thus, methylphenidate doserelatedly improved the expression of associative learning. This action may contribute to its therapeutic effects in improving cognitive function in ADHD.

关键词： ADHD Associative Learning Conditioned Inhibition methylphenidate.

Pattern of HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Adults on ART in Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2013年第4期3卷 327-334页

作者： georgina N.Odaibo Prosper Okonkwo Isaac F.Adewole David O.Olaleye Department of Virology College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria AIDS Prevention Initiative Nigeria Arab Contractor BuildingAbujaNigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria.

Background: The development of anitiretroviral drug resistance may limit the benefit of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore the need to closely monitor these mutations, especially the use of ART is increasing. This study was therefore designed to determine the ARV drug resistance pattern among ART na?ve and expose individuals attending a PEPFAR supported by antiretroviral clinic in Nigeria. methodology: The study participants included patients attending the PEPFAR supported by University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan ART clinic who have been on HIV treatment for at least one year with consecutive viral load of over 2000 copies/ml as well some ART Na?ve individuals with high (>50,000 copies/ml) baseline viral level attending the hospital for pre-ART assessment. Blood sample was collected from each individual for CD4 enumeration, viral load level determination and DNA sequencing for genotypic typing. Antiretroviral drug resistance mutations (DRm) were determined by using the Viroseq software and drug mutations generated by using a combination of Viroseq and Stanford algorithm. DRm were classified as major or minor mutations based on the June 2013 Stanford DR database. Results: The most common major NRTI, NNRTI and PI mutation were D67N (33.3%), Y181C (16.7%) and m46L/I (55.6%) respectively. Lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC);nevirapine (NVP) and nelfinavir (NFV) were the most common NRTI, NNRTI, and PI drugs to which the virus in the infected individuals developed resistance. Isolates from 4 patients were resistant to triple drug class, including at least one NRTI, NNRTI and a PI. Only one (4.8%) of the isolates from drug Na?ve individuals had major DRm that conferred resistance to any drug. Conclusion: Demonstration of high rates of antiretroviral DRm among patients on 1st and 2nd line ART and the presence of DRm in drug Na?ve individuals in this study show the importance of surveillance for resistance to ARV in line with the magnitude of scaling up of treatment

关键词： Antiretroviral Therapy Drug Resistance mutation ART Na?ve 1st and 2nd Line ART