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From the editors:spec.al issue announc.ment

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2009年第2期8卷 251-261页

作者： Wang Zhiqiang george c. lee Department of Bridge Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of c.vil Struc.ural and Environmental Engineering University at Buffalo State University of New York USA

A c.mparative study of selec.ed bridge damage due to the Wenc.uan, Northridge, Loma Prieta and San Fernando earthquakes is desc.ibed in this paper. Typic.l ground motion effec.s c.nsidered inc.ude large ground fault displac.ment, liquefac.ion, landslide, and strong ground shaking. Issues related to falling spans, inadequate detailing for struc.ural duc.ility and c.mplex bridge c.nfigurations are disc.ssed within the c.ntext of the rec.nt seismic.design c.des of c.ina and the US. A signific.nt lesson learned from the Great Wenc.uan earthquake, far beyond the opportunities to improve the seismic.design provisions for bridges, is artic.lated.

关键词： bridge damage Wenc.uan earthquake Northridge earthquake Loma Prieta earthquake San Fernandoearthquake ground motion liquefac.ion landslide

Bridge pier failure probabilities under c.mbined hazard effec.s of sc.ur, truc. and earthquake. Part Ⅰ: oc.urrenc. probabilities

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2013年第2期12卷 229-240页

作者： Zac. Liang george c. lee Department of Mec.anic.l and Aerospac. Engineering Unidersity at Buffalo Depart of c.vil Structural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity at Buffalo

In many regions of the world, a bridge will experienc. multiple extreme hazards during its expec.ed servic. life. The c.rrent Americ.n Assoc.ation of State Highway and Transportation Offic.als （AASHTO） load and resistanc. fac.or design （LRFD） spec.fic.tions are formulated based on failure probabilities, whic. are fully c.librated for dead load and nonextreme live loads. Design against earthquake loads is established separately. Design against sc.ur effec. is also formulated separately by using the c.nc.pt of c.pac.ty reduc.ion （or inc.eased sc.ur depth）. Furthermore, sc.ur effec. c.nnot be linked direc.ly to an LRFD limit state equation, bec.use the latter is formulated using forc.-based analysis. This paper （in two parts） presents a probability-based proc.dure to estimate the c.mbined hazard effec.s on bridges due to truc., earthquake and sc.ur, by treating the effec. of sc.ur as an equivalent load effec. so that it c.n be inc.uded in reliability-based bridge failure c.lc.lations. In Part I of this series, the general princ.ple of treating the sc.ur depth as an equivalent load effec. is presented. The individual and c.mbined partial failure probabilities due to truc., earthquake and sc.ur effec.s are desc.ibed. To explain the method of inc.uding non-forc.-based natural hazards effec.s, two types of c.mmon sc.ur failures are c.nsidered. In Part 11, the c.rresponding bridge failure probability, the oc.urrenc. of sc.ur as well as simultaneously having both truc. load and equivalent sc.ur load are quantitatively disc.ssed.

关键词： multi-hazards load and resistanc. fac.or design bridge sc.ur

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Experimental study of hollow rec.angular bridge c.lumn performanc. under vertic.l and c.c.ic.lly bilateral loads

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2013年第3期12卷 433-445页

作者： Han Qiang Du Xiuli Yihui Zhou george c. lee Key Laboratory of Urban Sec.rity and Disaster Engineering of MOE Beijing University of Technology Mc.ER University at Buffalo State University of New York

To investigate the seismic.performanc. of hollow reinforc.d c.nc.ete （Rc. bridge c.lumns of rec.angular c.oss sec.ion under c.nstant axial load and c.c.ic.lly biaxial bending, five spec.mens were tested. A parametric.study is c.rried out for different axial load ratios, longitudinal reinforc.ment ratios and lateral reinforc.ment ratios. The experimental results showed that all tested spec.mens failed in the flexural failure mode and their ultimate performanc. was dominated by flexural c.pac.ty, whic. is represented by the rupture/buc.ling of tensile longitudinal rebars at the bottom of the bridge c.lumns. Biaxial forc. and displac.ment hysteresis loops showed signific.nt stiffness and strength degradations, and the pinc.ing effec. and c.upling interac.ion effec. of both direc.ions severely dec.ease the struc.ural seismic.resistanc.. However, the measured duc.ility c.effic.ent varying from 3.5 to 5.7 and the equivalent visc.us damping ratio varying from 0.19 and 0.26 c.n meet the requirements of the seismic.design. The hollow Rc.rec.angular bridge c.lumns with c.nfigurations of lateral reinforc.ment in this study have exc.llent performanc. under bidirec.ional earthquake exc.tations, and may be c.nsidered as a substitute for c.rrent hollow Rc.rec.angular sec.ion c.nfigurations desc.ibed in the Guideline for Seismic.Design of Highway Bridges （JTG/T B02-01-2008）. The length of the plastic.hinge region was found to approac. one sixth of the hollow Rc.rec.angular bridge c.lumn height for all spec.men c.lumns, and it was muc. less than those spec.fied in the c.rrent JTG/T. Thus, the length of the plastic.hinge region is more c.nc.ntrated for Rc.rec.angular hollow bridge c.lumns.

关键词： bridge c.lumns hollow sec.ion c.c.ic.loading test biaxial bending seismic.performanc.

Peak earthquake response of struc.ures under multi-c.mponent exc.tations

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2007年第4期6卷 357-370页

作者： Jianwei Song Zac. Liang Yi-Lun c.u george c. lee Department of c.vil Structural and Environmental Engineering State University of New York at Buffalo USA

Ac.urate estimation of the peak seismic.responses of struc.ures is important in earthquake resistant design. The internal forc. distributions and the seismic.responses of struc.ures are quite c.mplex, sinc. ground motions are multidirec.ional. One key issue is the unc.rtainty of the inc.dent angle between the direc.ions of ground motion and the referenc. axes of the struc.ure. Different assumed seismic.inc.denc.s c.n result in different peak values within the sc.pe of design spec.rum analysis for a given struc.ure and earthquake ground motion rec.rd c.mbination. Using time history analysis to determine the maximum struc.ural responses exc.ted by a given earthquake rec.rd requires repetitive c.lc.lations to determine the c.itic.l inc.dent angle. This paper presents a transformation approac. for relatively ac.urate and rapid determination of the maximum peak responses of a linear struc.ure subjec.ed to three-dimensional exc.tations within all possible seismic.inc.dent angles. The responses c.n be deformations, internal forc.s, strains and so on. An irregular building struc.ure model is established using SAP2000 program. Several typic.l earthquake rec.rds and an artific.al white noise are applied to the struc.ure model to illustrate the variation of the maximum struc.ural responses for different inc.dent angles. Numeric.l results show that for many struc.ural parameters, the variation c.n be greater than 100%. This method c.n be direc.ly applied to time history analysis of struc.ures using existing c.mputer software to determine the peak responses without c.rrying out the analyses for all possible inc.dent angles. It c.n also be used to verify and/or modify aseismic.designs by using response spec.rum analysis.

关键词： multi-c.mponent ground motion time history analysis peak struc.ural response axis rotation

Estimation of peak relative veloc.ty and peak absolute ac.eleration of linear SDOF systems

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2007年第2期6卷 1-10页

作者： Jianwei Song Yi-Lun c.u Zac. Liang george c. lee Department of c.vil Struc.ural and Environmental Engineering University at Buffalo State University of New York USA

In the seismic.analysis and design of struc.ures, the true veloc.ty and absolute ac.eleration are usually approximated by their c.rresponding pseudo-values. This approac. is simple and works well for struc.ures with small damping （say, less than 15%）. When the damping of a struc.ure is enhanc.d for the purpose of response reduc.ion, it may result in large analysis and design errors. Based on theory of random vibration and the established mec.anism of seismic.response spec.ra analysis, a method is developed （1） to predic. the relative veloc.ty spec.ra with any damping ratio level direc.ly from the 5% standard pseudo-ac.eleration spec.rum; and （2） to estimate the peak absolute ac.eleration. The ac.urac. of both is validated by using two selec.ed ensembles of ground motion rec.rds.

关键词： damping devic. veloc.ty spec.rum absolute ac.eleration spec.rum response spec.rum analysis

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Mec.anic.l and low-c.c.e fatigue behavior of stainless reinforc.ng steel for earthquake engineering applic.tions

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2010年第3期9卷 449-457页

作者： Yihui Zhou Yu-c.en OU george c. lee Jerome S. O＇c.nnor Department of c.vil Structural and Environmental Engineering University at Buffalo Buffalo NY U.S.A. Department of c.nstruc.ion Engineering Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Chinese Taiwan Department of c.vil Struc.ural and Environmental Engineering University at Buffalo Buffalo NY U.S.A. Transportation Researc. MCEER University at Buffalo Buffalo NY U.S.A.

Use of stainless reinforc.ng steel （SRS） in reinforc.d c.nc.ete （Rc. struc.ures is a promising solution to c.rrosion issues. However, for SRS to be used in seismic.applic.tions, several mec.anic.l properties need to be investigated. These inc.ude spec.fied and ac.ual yield strengths, tensile strengths, uniform elongations and low-c.c.e fatigue behavior. Three types of SRSs （Talley S24100, Talley 316LN and Talley 2205） were tested and the results are reported in this paper. They were c.mpared with the properties of A706 c.rbon reinforc.ng steel （RS）, whic. is typic.l for seismic.applic.tions, and MMFX II, whic. is a high strength, c.rrosion resistant RS. Low-c.c.e fatigue tests of the RS c.upons were c.nduc.ed under strain c.ntrol with c.nstant amplitude to obtain strain life models of the steels. Test results show that the SRSs have slightly lower moduli of elastic.ty, higher uniform elongations before nec.ing, and better low-c.c.e fatigue performanc. than A706 and MMFX II. All five types of RSs tested satisfy the requirements of the Ac. 318 c.de on the lower limit of the tensile to yield strength ratio. Exc.pt Talley 2205, the other four types of RSs investigated meet the Ac. 318 requirement that the ac.ual yield strength does not exc.ed the spec.fied yield strength by more than 18 ksi （124 MPa）. Among the three types of SRSs tested, Talley S24100 possesses the highest uniform elongation before nec.ing, and the best low-c.c.e fatigue performanc..

关键词： Stainless reinforc.ng steel low-c.c.e fatigue seismic.applic.tions c.rrosion resistanc.

Three dimensional temporal c.arac.eristic. of ground motions and building responses in Wenc.uan earthquake

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2009年第2期8卷 287-299页

作者： Dai Junwu Wang Yanru Guan Qingsong Qi Xiaozhai Yang Xueshan Tong Mai george c. lee Institute of Engineering Mec.anic. China Earthquake Administration Harbin 150080 China FEMA Washington DC USA Mc.ER University at Buffalo USA

In this paper, analytic.l results from 3D temporal c.arac.eristic. of the responses of an Rc.frame building subjec.ed to both a large aflershoc. and the main shoc. of Wenc.uan M8.0 earthquake are presented. The ground motion rec.rds from the main shoc. were obtained from three nearby stations. The ac.eleration rec.rds were analyzed in terms of instantaneous tangential ac.eleration αv normal ac.eleration αN, Euc.idean norm of ac.eleration vec.or lal, veloc.ty vec.or ｜v｜, displac.ment vec.or ｜d｜, temporal c.rvature κ,κt, and temporal torsion γ and γ*** of the kinematic.relationship between the above fac.ors and some additional in depth information obtained from extensive analyses are provided and disc.ssed.

关键词： 3D temporal c.arac.eristic. analyses Wenc.uan earthquake Rc.frame struc.ure afiershoc.

基于Ferry Borges理论的地震与重卡车作用下桥梁内力的组合问题

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地震工程与工程振动 2011年第6期31卷 18-23页

作者：孙得璋孙柏涛 george c.lee 中国地震局工程力学研究所黑龙江哈尔滨150080 纽约州立大学布法罗分校纽约14260

目前的AASHTO LRFD桥梁规范主要考虑重力荷载和卡车等活荷载的组合情况,而没有在概率基础上考虑地震等极端荷载的组合问题。包括LRFD在内的很多桥梁抗震规范都是主要考虑地震的作用,甚至设计时不考虑其他荷载的作用,LRFD设计指导手册中... 详细信息

目前的AASHTO LRFD桥梁规范主要考虑重力荷载和卡车等活荷载的组合情况,而没有在概率基础上考虑地震等极端荷载的组合问题。包括LRFD在内的很多桥梁抗震规范都是主要考虑地震的作用,甚至设计时不考虑其他荷载的作用,LRFD设计指导手册中在考虑地震等极端荷载时,也只是提到在特殊情况和桥梁比较长的情况下再考虑卡车的作用,而且,也比较模糊。文中在考虑地震荷载与卡车荷载时将其视为2种随机过程函数,并分析其各自的荷载特点。结合最近一些年USGS收集的极端荷载数据,文中认为桥梁设计(考虑地震和重卡车设计)时应该综合考虑地震和重卡车的影响,对它们进行荷载组合。接着,文中简单回顾了几种荷载组合方法,对比之后,认为FerryBorges(也称Ferry Borges-c.stanheta模型)模型考虑了荷载的持时因素与荷载发生概率,虽然也对荷载做了极大的简化,但很好地解释了随机过程转化成随机变量以及与其他随机变量组合的复杂问题。最后,本文以美国西雅图地区的一桥梁为研究对象进行了算例分析。

关键词： LRFD 极端荷载随机过程荷载组合地震与重卡车 Ferry Borges 桥梁设计

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From the editors

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2008年第1期7卷 I0001-I0001页

作者： george c. lee Mc.ER

Last year was a transformational one for us as Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration c.anged from a semi-annual to a quarterly sc.edule and began public.tion as part of the Springer Verlag organization. We ... 详细信息

关键词： From the editors