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模糊限制词和语义标准

当代语言学 1982年第2期 22-27页

作者： george lakoff 廖东平

正如任何一位词典学家所知道的,自然语言的概念是模糊的,其界限不是一刀切的。查德(***)指出,模糊性应该用他称之为模糊集的理论用形式化的方法加以处理。在一个模糊集中,某一个体不是简单地是该集合中的一个元素或不是该集合的一个元素... 详细信息

正如任何一位词典学家所知道的,自然语言的概念是模糊的,其界限不是一刀切的。查德(***)指出,模糊性应该用他称之为模糊集的理论用形式化的方法加以处理。在一个模糊集中,某一个体不是简单地是该集合中的一个元素或不是该集合的一个元素,而是可能在某种程度上(例如,可用0与1中的任一实数表示这种程度)是该集的一个

关键词：模糊限制词玛丽约翰尼克松教友派伴随意义语义标准句子威廉斯

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肉身哲学亲身心智及其向西方思想的挑战　1

肉身哲学亲身心智及其向西方思想的挑战　1

2018年

作者：（美）乔治·莱考夫（george lakoff）（美）马克·约翰逊（Mark Johnson）李葆嘉译

本书分为四部分：第一部分，讨论了来自认知科学与认知语言学的方法。第二部分，我们研究认知科学的基本哲学理念，使用认知方法分析从事任何哲学研究都必须提出的某些基本概念，如：时间、事件、因果、心智、自我以及道德。第三部分，... 详细信息

本书分为四部分：第一部分，讨论了来自认知科学与认知语言学的方法。第二部分，我们研究认知科学的基本哲学理念，使用认知方法分析从事任何哲学研究都必须提出的某些基本概念，如：时间、事件、因果、心智、自我以及道德。第三部分，我们着手从认知科学的视角研究哲学本身。我们将这些分析方法用于哲学史上各重要时期的学说研究——古希腊自然本元学，包括前苏格拉底学派、柏拉图和亚里士多德的学说；笛卡尔的心智理论与启蒙运动时期的官能心理学；康德的道德理论以及解析哲学。我们认为，认知科学的方法为这些宏伟的知识殿堂带来了崭新的和深刻的洞察力，有助于我们理解这些哲学观念以及解释它们。尽管这些哲学之间存在根本差异，但是几个世纪以来，许多人都以为，它们各自似乎是凭直觉获得的。我们还会涉及这些哲学遗留给当代哲学、语言学和社会科学中的问题，尤其是英美解析哲学、乔姆斯基语言学，以及使用在经济与外交政策中的理性行为者模型。最后，在第四部分，对我们在探究人类是什么以及人类生存条件这一过程中的受益加以总结。

关键词：语言、文字语言学语言理论与方法论

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肉身哲学　亲身心智及其向西方思想的挑战

Flexible ultra-thin super-resolution endoscopy

2018年

作者：（美）乔治·莱考夫（george lakoff）（美）马克·约翰逊（Mark Johnson）李葆嘉等译

《肉身哲学：亲身心智及其向西方思想的挑战（全二册）》作为一本开拓性著作，可能改变我们对传统西方哲学的看法。人类意指何物知识何以获取道德源于何处向来为西方哲学之中心论题。以往哲学家的一些共识-通过内省而了解其心智、理性... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9787519239985

《肉身哲学：亲身心智及其向西方思想的挑战（全二册）》作为一本开拓性著作，可能改变我们对传统西方哲学的看法。人类意指何物知识何以获取道德源于何处向来为西方哲学之中心论题。以往哲学家的一些共识-通过内省而了解其心智、理性具有离身性和普遍性、对世界的思考大多为非隐喻义，如今却遭遇第二代认知科学的质疑。认知无意识、心智亲身性、隐喻性思维成为本书的主题。一方面，对心智、真实、时间、原因、自我、道德等概念逐一检讨；一方面，揭示以往哲学的思维模式背后的隐喻结构。本书的旨趣，就在于建构肉身哲学。

关键词：认知语言学研究

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 171-172页

作者： george S.D.Gordon Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RDUK

In recent years, multimode fiber(MMF) has become an important tool for high-resolution endoscopic imaging in narrow channels(e.g., in the brain via needles or inside blood vessels) due to its high mode density and fine diameter, typically <0.125 mm [1-6]. However, a major obstacle to widespread deployment in applications is that realistic perturbations, including bending, twisting and changes in temperature, cause unacceptable image degradation.

关键词： fiber resolution typically

Unique Genetic Features of Lean NAFLD: A Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第1期12卷 70-78页

作者： Jasmine Tidwell george Y.Wu Department of Medicine University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)affects 25%of the global *** 20%have a normal body mass index(BMI)and a variant known as lean *** typical NAFLD cases associated with obesity and diabetes,lean NAFLD causes liver disease by mechanisms not related to excess weight or insulin *** disorders are among the major factors in developing lean NAFLD,and genome-wide association studies have identified several genes associated with the *** review aims to increase awareness by describing the genetic markers linked to NAFLD and the defects involved in developing lean NAFLD.

关键词： Lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Palatine-like phospholipase domain-containing-3 Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia Abetalipoproteinemia

Heritable Chronic Cholestatic Liver Diseases:A Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第8期12卷 726-738页

Chronic cholestasis due to heritable causes is usually diagnosedin ***,many cases can present andsurvive into *** time course varies considerablydepending on the underlying *** data usuallyreveal elevated conjugated hyperbilirubinemia,alkalinephosphatase,and gamma-glutamyl *** be asymptomatic;however,when present,the typicalsymptoms are pruritus,jaundice,fatigue,and *** diagnostic methods and management requireddepend on the underlying *** development of genome-wide associated studies has allowed the identificationof specific genetic mutations related to the pathophysiologyof cholestatic liver *** aim of this review was tohighlight the genetics,clinical pathophysiology,presentation,diagnosis,and treatment of heritable etiologies of chroniccholestatic liver disease.

关键词： Chronic cholestasis Cholestatic liver disease Congenital hepatic fibrosis Caroli disease Caroli syndrome Alagille syndrome Biliary atresia

Effects of interlayer spacing and applied pressure on the lanthanide transport in MoS2-based two-dimensional channels

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2024年第3期15卷 579-592页

作者： Qinsi Xiong Chong Liu george C.Schatz Department of Chemistry Northwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA

Rare-earth elements(REEs)are critical to modern industry but difficult to separate due to their subtle and monotonic changes in physico-chemical ***2-based two-dimensional(2D)materials offer novel opportunities for enhancing REE separation,exhibiting a distinct volcano-shaped transport performance distribution that peaks at Sm3+.However,the specific contributions of thermodynamic and kinetic factors to ion transport within 2D confinement remain *** this study,we conducted a series of non-equilibrium all-atom molecular dynamics(MD)simulations to explore the effects of interlayer spacing and external pressure on the transport of lanthanide ions inÅ-scale acetate functionalized 2D MoS2(MoS2-COOH)*** examined ion entry and permeation rates,water flux,dehydration,and binding *** simulation results reveal that the transport trends of lanthanide ions are jointly driven by the dehydration degree and the relative-binding strengths of ions to water and to the acetate within the 2D ***,the dehydration pattern of lanthanide ions during permeation is closely linked to kinetic ***,this study provides a detailed atomistic understanding of the mechanisms under-lying lanthanide ion transport under *** findings point to the significant potential for tuning confinement and chemical functionalization withinÅ-scale channels for more efficient REE separation.

关键词： MoS_(2) 2D channels Lanthanide ions ion transport nanofluidics

Accelerated thermal ageing on performance of polypropylene-based semiconducting screen for high voltage direct current cable applications-Effect of antioxidants

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High Voltage 2024年第2期9卷 410-418页

作者： Haitian Wang Yi Luo Mingyu Zhou Xintong Ren george Chen GEIRI BerlinGermany The Tony Davies High Voltage Laboratory University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

The potential of using eco-friendly thermoplastic polypropylene(PP)-based insulation for high voltage direct current(HVDC)cable has been widely investigated but much less work on the PP-based semiconducting screen(SC).Considering a long service life(>30 years)under high temperature and high electrical stress is required for typical HVDC cables,and investigations on the effect of antioxidant(AO)concentration and thermal oxidative sta-bility,mechanical,and electrical properties of PP-based SCs have been *** has been demonstrated that an appropriate combination and amounts of AOs are critical for achieving high thermal stability and maintaining the mechanical properties of SC after ageing in a harsh environment(150°C,with Cu,in air,7 days).Although higher amounts of space charges have been observed in SC/PP/SC samples with higher AO concentrations,the impact on space charge behaviours is less after ageing,suggesting that ageing(or operating at high temperature)leads to microstructure evolution in SC and can potentially mitigate space accumulation in PP-based insulating materials.

关键词： microstructure thermal high

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia: A Comprehensive Review with a Particular Focus on Pathogenesis and Complications

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第2期12卷 182-190页

作者： Jaimy Villavicencio Kim george Y.Wu Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

Focal nodular hyperplasia is a benign tumor of the liver that is often found incidentally with *** purpose of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology,rare complications that can occur due to these lesions,and management options.A literature review was performed on clinical trials and case reports involving focal nodular hyperplasia complications and management of these,as well as the proposed pathogenesis underlying these *** exposure to oral contraceptive pills and endogenous hormones have been thought to play a role in the development of these lesions,this has not been *** recently,they are thought to arise as a consequence of a vascular anomaly causing alterations in the expression of angiopoietin *** are rare,but previous cases have reported associated pain,rupture and compression of nearby structures(hepatic vein,stomach,biliary system).Resection of focal nodular hyperplasia is not usually ***,if there is associated pain with no other identifiable cause or presence of a large or growing lesion with risk of causing a complication,then surgical resection,radiofrequency ablation or arterial embolization should be considered.

关键词： Focal nodular hyperplasia Oral contraceptives Liver lesion