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The quest for conditional independence in prospectivity modeling： weights-of-evidence, boost weights-of-evidence, and logistic regression

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第3期10卷 389-408页

作者： Helmut SCHAEBEN georg semmler Department of Geophysics and Geoinformatics TU Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg 09596 Germany

The objective of prospectivity modeling is prediction of the conditional probability of the presence T = 1 or absence T = 0 of a target T given favorable or prohibitive predictors B, or construction of a two classes {0,1} classification of T. A special case of logistic regression called weights-of-evidence （WofE） is geolo- gists＇ favorite method of prospectivity modeling due to its apparent simplicity. However, the numerical simplicity is deceiving as it is implied by the severe mathematical modeling assumption of joint conditional independence of all predictors given the target. General weights of evidence are explicitly introduced which are as simple to estimate as conventional weights, i.e., by counting, but do not require conditional independence. Complementary to the regres- sion view is the classification view on prospectivity modeling. Boosting is the construction of a strong classifier from a set of weak classifiers. From the regression point of view it is closely related to logistic regression. Boost weights-of-evidence （BoostWofE） was introduced into prospectivity modeling to counterbalance violations of the assumption of conditional independence even though relaxation of modeling assumptions with respect to weak classifiers was not the （initial） purpose of boosting. In the original publication of BoostWofE a fabricated dataset was used to ＂validate＂ this approach. Using the same fabricated dataset it is shown that BoostWofE cannot generally compensate lacking condi- tional independence whatever the consecutively proces- sing order of predictors. Thus the alleged features of BoostWofE are disproved by way of counterexamples, while theoretical findings are confirmed that logistic regression including interaction terms can exactly com- pensate violations of joint conditional independence if the predictors are indicators.

关键词： general weights of evidence joint conditionalindependence naive Bayes model Hammersley-Cliffordtheorem interaction terms statistical significance

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Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia in an adult patient:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第48期26卷 7707-7718页

作者： Rudolf Huber georg semmler Alexander Mayr Felix Offner Christian Datz Department of Internal Medicine General Hospital OberndorfTeaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgOberndorf 5110Austria Department of Pathology General Hospital FeldkirchFeldkirch 6800Austria

BACKGROUND Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia(PIL),first described in 1961,is a rare disorder of unknown etiology resulting in protein-losing *** disease is characterized by dilatation and leakage of intestinal lymph vessels leading to hypoalbuminemia,hypogammaglobulinemia,and *** the severity and location of lymph vessels being affected can vary considerably,the range of associated symptoms is wide from mild lower-limb edema to generalized edema,abdominal and/or pleural effusion,and recurrent diarrhea,among *** usually developing in early childhood,we present the case of a 34-yearold woman with ***,we performed a literature review systematically assessing clinical presentation,and provide a practical approach to facilitate diagnosis and therapy of PIL in *** SUMMARY Our patient presented with unspecific symptoms of abdominal discomfort,fatigue,nausea,and recurrent edema of the lower ***,a striking collinearity of clinical symptoms with female hormone status was ***,polyglobulia,hypoalbuminemia,hypogammaglobulinemia,and transient lymphocytopenia were *** to suspicion of a bone marrow disease,an extensive diagnostic investigation was carried out excluding secondary causes of polyglobulinemia and *** diagnosis of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia was established after 22 wk by histological analysis of biopsy samples obtained via ***,the patient was put on a high-protein and low-fat diet with medium-chain triglycerides supplementation leading to significant improvement of clinical symptoms until 2 years of *** PIL can be the reason for cryptogenic hypoalbuminemia,hypogammaglobulinemia,and lymphopenia in *** to difficulty in correct diagnosis,treatment initiation is often delayed despite being effective and *** leads to a significant disease burden in affected *** is increasingly been

关键词： Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia Waldmann´s disease Protein losing enteropathy Hypoproteinemia Case report

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