检索结果-南通市图书馆

Integrating Systemic Risk and Risk Analysis Using Copulas

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 561-567页

作者： Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler georg Pflug Ulf Dieckmann Elena Rovenskaya Stefan Thurner Sebastian Poledna Gergely Boza Joanne Linnerooth-Bayer Ake Brannstrom International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA) 2361 LaxenburgAustria Department of Statistics and Operations Research University of Vienna1010 ViennaAustria Complexity Science Hub 1080 ViennaAustria Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia 119234 Medical University of Vienna 1090 ViennaAustria Santa Fe Institute Santa FeNM 87501USA Evolutionary Systems Research Group MTA-oK-BLI Centre for Ecological ResearchHungarian Academy of SciencesTihany 8237Hungary Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics Umea University90187 UmeaSweden

Systemic risk research is gaining traction across diverse disciplinary research communities, but has as yet not been strongly linked to traditional, well-established risk analysis research. This is due in part to the fact that systemic risk research focuses on the connection of elements within a system, while risk analysis research focuses more on individual risk to single elements. We therefore investigate how current systemic risk research can be related to traditional risk analysis approaches from a conceptual as well as an empirical point of view. Based on Sklar's Theorem, which provides a one-to-one relationship between multivariate distributions and copulas, we suggest a reframing of the concept of copulas based on a network perspective. This provides a promising way forward for integrating individual risk(in the form of probability distributions) and systemic risk(in the form of copulasdescribing the dependencies among such distributions)across research domains. Copulas can link continuous node states, characterizing individual risks, with a gradual dependency of the coupling strength between nodes on their states, characterizing systemic risk. When copulas are used for describing such refined coupling between nodes,they can provide a more accurate quantification of a system's network structure. This enables more realistic systemic risk assessments, and is especially useful when extreme events(that occur at low probabilities, but have high impacts) affect a system's nodes. In this way, copulas can be informative in measuring and quantifying changes in systemic risk and therefore be helpful in its management. We discuss the advantages and limitations of copulas for integrative risk analyses from the perspectives of modeling, measurement, and management.

关键词： Copulas Individual risk Risk analysis Systemic risk

Finned Zn-MFI zeolite encapsulated noble metal nanoparticle catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with carbon dioxide

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第5期80卷 479-491,I0011页

作者： En-Hui Yuan Yiming Niu Xing Huang Meng Li Jun Bao Yong-Hong Song Bingsen Zhang Zhao-Tie Liu Marc-georg Willinger Zhong-Wen Liu Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 7119ShaanxiChina Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016LiaoningChina College of Chemistry Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 36108FujianChina National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026AnhuiChina School of Natural Science(NAT) Department of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstraje 485747 GarchingGermany

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with carbon dioxide(CO_(2)-ODP)characterizes the tandem dehydrogenation of propane to propylene with the reduction of the greenhouse gas of CO_(2)to valuable ***,the existing catalyst is limited due to the poor activity and stability,which hinders its ***,we design the finned Zn-MFI zeolite encapsulated noble metal nanoparticles(NPs)as bifunctional catalysts(NPs@Zn-MFI)for CO_(2)-*** results reveal that the Zn2+species are coordinated with the MFI zeolite matrix as isolated cations and the NPs of Pt,Rh,or Rh Pt are highly dispersed in the zeolite *** isolated Zn2+cations are very effective for activating the propane and the small NPs are favorable for activating the CO_(2),which synergistically promote the selective transformation of propane and CO_(2)to propylene and *** a result,the optimal 0.25%Rh0.50%Pt@Zn-MFI catalyst shows the best propylene yield,satisfactory CO_(2)conversion,and long-term ***,considering the tunable synergetic effects between the isolated cations and NPs,the developed approach offers a general guideline to design more efficient CO_(2)-ODP catalysts,which is validated by the improved performance of the bifunctional catalysts via simply substituting Sn4+cations for Zn2+cations in the MFI zeolite matrix.

关键词： Oxidative dehydrogenation Propane Carbon dioxide Finned Zn-MFI zeolite Encapsulated noble metal nanoparticles

Improved Grid Relaxation with Zero-Order Integrators

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第6期9卷 1257-1270页

作者： Jan Mueller Hans-georg Matuttis Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Systems Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Chofu Japan

In this research, we have improved a relaxation method for triangular meshes intended for finite element fluid simulations which contain discrete element particles. The triangle edges are treated as springs which relax their lengths towards a “better” force equilibrium where the triangles are closer to equilateral shape. The actual kernel is an improved zero order integrator which is able to follow reconfigurations of the particles faster than earlier methods. The improved relaxation allows larger timesteps in the flow simulation and leads to more stable, faster mesh reconfigurations for fast moving particles in the flow. Additionally, this demonstrates how integrators of the same order zero can nevertheless have different convergence speeds towards

关键词： Zero-Order Solver Equilibration Grid Generation Fluid Mechanics

Genetic association analysis of CLEC5A and CLEC7A gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms and Crohn’s disease

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第18期26卷 2194-2202页

作者： Nagi Elleisy Sarah Rohde Astrid Huth Nicole Gittel Anne Glass Steffen Moller georg Lamprecht Holger Schaffler Robert Jaster Department of Medicine Ⅱ Division of GastroenterologyRostock University Medical CenterRostock 18057Germany Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research Rostock 18057Germany

BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)is characterized by a multifactorial etiology and a significant impact of genetic *** NOD2 mutations represent well established risk factors of CD,the role of other genes is incompletely *** To challenge the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in the genes CLEC5 A and CLEC7 A,two members of the C-type lectin domain family of pattern recognition receptors,may be associated with *** SNPs in CLEC5 A,CLEC7 A and the known CD risk gene NOD2 were studied using real time PCR-based SNP ***,DNA samples from 175 patients and 157 healthy donors were *** data were correlated with clinical characteristics of the patients and the results of gene expression data *** In accordance with previous studies,rs2066844 and rs2066847 in NOD2 were found to be significantly associated with CD(allelic P values=0.0368 and 0.0474,respectively).Intriguingly,for genotype AA of rs1285933 in CLEC5 A,a potential association with CD(recessive P=0.0523;odds ratio=1.90)was *** were no associations between CD and SNPs rs2078178 and rs16910631 in CLEC7 *** of rs1285933 had no impact on CLEC5 A gene *** contrast,genotype-dependent differences of CXCL5 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were *** is no statistical interactionbetween the tested SNPs of NOD2 and CLEC5 A,suggesting of a novel pathway contributing to the *** Our data encourage enlarged follow-up studies to further address an association of SNP rs1285933 in CLEC5 A with *** C-type lectin domain family member also deserves attention regarding a potential role in the pathophysiology of CD.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Single nucleotide polymorphisms NOD2 CLEC5A Gene expression CXCL5

金属注射成形(MIM)：一种制造精密工程零件的竞争性工艺

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

粉末冶金技术 2015年第4期33卷 301-316页

作者： georg Schlieper 韩凤麟 Consultant of EPMA

经过30多年发展,金属注射成形(MIM)已发展成一种生产小型、精密、复杂形状零件的具有竞争性的生产工艺。这类零件用常规金属工艺生产时,不但价格昂贵,而且材料利用率低与生产工艺复杂、费时。MIM工艺几乎可用包括金属、陶瓷、金属间化... 详细信息

经过30多年发展,金属注射成形(MIM)已发展成一种生产小型、精密、复杂形状零件的具有竞争性的生产工艺。这类零件用常规金属工艺生产时,不但价格昂贵,而且材料利用率低与生产工艺复杂、费时。MIM工艺几乎可用包括金属、陶瓷、金属间化合物及复合材料在内的所有材料,生产大量与少量的小型复杂形状零件。现在。用MIM工艺生产的零件已在诸如汽车、化工、航空航天、事务机械、计算机硬件、生物-医疗器械及枪械等产业部门得到了广泛应用。

关键词：金属注射成形 MIM 小型精密零件

垃圾气化分析及其对中国实现碳中和与无废城市建设的贡献

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

燃料化学学报 2021年第8期49卷 1057-1076页

作者： LEE Roh Pin SEIDL Ludwig georg HUANG Qiu-liang MEYER Bernd Institute for Energy Process Engineering and Chemical Engineering TU Bergakademie FreibergGermany Fraunhofer IMWS Branch Lab“Circular Carbon Technologies” FreibergGermany State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuanChina

气化是实现化学利用碳资源(尤其是煤)生产化学品和燃料的关键工艺。目前,全球拥有超过272套气化装置,主要应用于煤化工,尤其在中国。由于在一个化工厂通过技术集成达到工业规模的集中生产可实现减少二氧化碳排放并促进碳密集型行业的循... 详细信息

气化是实现化学利用碳资源(尤其是煤)生产化学品和燃料的关键工艺。目前,全球拥有超过272套气化装置,主要应用于煤化工,尤其在中国。由于在一个化工厂通过技术集成达到工业规模的集中生产可实现减少二氧化碳排放并促进碳密集型行业的循环经济,如废物管理、化学和交通行业,因此,近年来全球对垃圾气化的兴趣日益浓厚,尤其是那些在煤气化技术方面积累了丰富的人力资本和运营经验以及拥有完整Coal-to-X产品价值链的国家,如中国,在挖掘通过垃圾气化实现Waste-to-X的潜力方面处于独特的地位。具体而言,废弃物可用于补充煤气化生产如下产品:(1)具有较低或零碳足迹的化学品,具体取决于废物是来源于化石资源还是生物资源。(2)来自生物废弃物的零碳足迹的绿色“氢”,以补充或替代来自煤气化或蒸汽重整得到的“灰色”氢,以供给氢能汽车,并推动工业脱碳。(3)来自生物废弃物的CO_(2)中性合成液体燃料,用于交通工具,以补充或替代石油燃料和合成煤制液体燃料。然而,迄今为止,利用垃圾作为气化原料的操作经验有限,并且文献中也很少涉及以前和当前的工业垃圾气化经验。为了填补这些空白,本研究介绍了1980年代至2000年代德国的两项开创性技术发展—贝伦拉特(Berrenrath)和SVZ黑水泵(即Sekundärrohstoff-Verwertungszentrum:黑水泵二次原料回收中心),并分享了以下三种垃圾与煤共气化技术(即Waste&Coal-to-X)的相关认识和经验教训:固定床气化:鲁奇干法排渣技术以及BGL熔渣气化技术。流化床气化:高温温克勒(HTW-High Temperature Winkler)气化工艺。气流床气化:GSP(Gaskombinat Schwarze Pumpe),即西门子气化工艺。此外,本研究也总结了目前全球100%垃圾气化技术的发展,即Waste-to-X。在气化技术的三种类型中,研发领域和工业界均对流化床与气流床(作为后期气化)技术的结合产生了浓厚的兴趣,这里介绍三个相关技术的重大发展—Ebara-Ube、Enerkem和ThermoChem Recovery International的技术。除此之外,固定床气化工艺的发展也得到了关注,本文介绍了两个相关技术的重大发展—InEnTec(将固定床与等离子气化相结合)和Sierra Energy(改造传统高炉转炉进行垃圾气化)的技术。借鉴以往和当前的国际发展经验,凭借其庞大的气化规模和丰富的专业知识,逐步将垃圾作为原料融入到煤气化中可以作为中国迈向循环经济和无废城市的第一步。将垃圾与煤共气化技术作为通向垃圾气化的桥梁,不仅可以使中国利用现有的人力资本和基础设施,还可以创造新的就业和商业机会,并支持中国实现可持续的垃圾管理策略,即在进行焚烧和填埋之前先进行减量、再利用和再循环。然而,将煤气化技术直接用于垃圾气化具有挑战性并且充满了较大的风险。本研究分享了贝伦拉特和SVZ黑水泵在垃圾与煤共气化方面遇到的各种运行问题以及从中得到的最新认识。然后介绍了这些积累的经验及认识是如何被考虑并应用到德国弗莱贝格工业大学的能源化工所开发的Flexi技术当中,包括:基于BGL熔渣气化技术开发FlexiSlag固定床气化技术。基于GSP气化技术开发FlexiEntrained气流床气化技术。基于HTW气化技术开发FlexiCOORVED气化技术。目前,Flexi技术在德国弗莱贝格开展中试规模运行,其目标是实现:(1)多元原料气化(例如生物质、煤、石油焦、不同类型的废物);(2)100%垃圾气化;(3)灵活的目标产品(即调整配置得到最大化的合成气产出,其中可含有最大化或最小化的甲烷、焦油和油的含量)以支持全球向碳中和和无废城市转型。鉴于全球(包括中国)实现无废城市和碳中和的目标,垃圾气化技术的长远发展不仅要向100%垃圾气化发展,还必须满足以下可持续性标准才能做出实质性的贡献:(1)多元进料,能够灵活利用多种类型的(废物)原料。(2)碳回收率最大化,以确保垃圾中的碳转移到产品中,而不是在整个过程链中以CO_(2)的形式排放到环境中。(3)通过生产玻璃渣、从渣中回收金属和零废水排放,将环境影响降至最低。本研究最后根据上述三个可持续性标准对三种气化类型进行了定性的整体评价,阐述了它们在垃圾气化应用中的优势和劣势。

关键词：煤气化垃圾气化碳中和无废城市中国

Cognitive Advancements across the Globe:Intelligence Research and Piagetian Psychology in Comparison

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Psychological Research 2023年第3期5卷 26-28页

作者： georg W.Oesterdiekhoff Department of Sociology Karlsruhe Institute for Technology76021Germany

*** approaches to studying intelligence and cognition It is widely accepted that there are two main approaches to studying“intelligence”and“cognition”,psychometric intelligence research and Piagetian developmental *** the psychometric approach measures intelligence without having a true theory of intelligence,ascribing different scores to test persons according to their respective mastering of tests,thus measuring abilities regarding abstractive and logical capabilities,the Piagetian approach comprises a complete theory of human development,a comprehensive theory of stage developments from infancy over adolescence to adulthood,including a detailed description of the development of psyche,consciousness,personality.

关键词： intelligence abstr theory

节约纺粘生产转换成本高达30%--欧瑞康纽马格亮相IDEA 2016展览会

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

纺织导报 2016年第4期 23-24页

作者： georg Stausberg 欧瑞康

如何在低原材料消耗而产品质量要求又高的情况下,高效率、低成本地制造非织造布？Oerlikon Neumag（欧瑞康纽马格）将在今年的美国国际非织造布展览会（IDEA）上为非织造布制造商解答这个问题。IDEA是全球最大的非织造布贸易展会之一,... 详细信息

如何在低原材料消耗而产品质量要求又高的情况下,高效率、低成本地制造非织造布？Oerlikon Neumag（欧瑞康纽马格）将在今年的美国国际非织造布展览会（IDEA）上为非织造布制造商解答这个问题。IDEA是全球最大的非织造布贸易展会之一,今年的展会将于5月3—5日在美国波士顿举行。欧瑞康纽马格将再一次向国际观众呈介自己用PET、PP和其它原材料生产的全品类非织造布产品。

关键词：纽马格瑞康 IDEA 2016 非织造布纺粘贸易展原材料生产工程解决方案质量要求美国波士顿

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

晶体金刚石涂层

工具技术 2006年第9期40卷 94-95页

作者： georg Erkens

'切削刀刃上聚集着高额利润'是1911年Schlesinger在谈论到生产过程中如何提高生产率和生产效率时所说的.时至今日,对于革新性刀具材料和涂层高性能刀具来说仍然有效,尤其是在进行高磨损和新型材料加工时.这些新材料包括:用于EDM电极加... 详细信息

'切削刀刃上聚集着高额利润'是1911年Schlesinger在谈论到生产过程中如何提高生产率和生产效率时所说的.时至今日,对于革新性刀具材料和涂层高性能刀具来说仍然有效,尤其是在进行高磨损和新型材料加工时.这些新材料包括:用于EDM电极加工的硬化煤、石墨和铜,用于发动机零件和引擎的现代轻质材料硅铝合金(硅含量超过12%)、金属复合材料(MMC),生压胚、纤维及微粒增强金属及塑料.而木材也是磨蚀性很强的难加工材料代表之一.

关键词：金刚石涂层金属复合材料晶体刀具材料高性能刀具发动机零件难加工材料生产效率