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Presence of phthalates in gastrointestinal medications: Is there a hidden danger?

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第41期19卷 7042-7047页

作者： Zane R Gallinger geoffrey C Nguyen Mount Sinai Hospital Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease University of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5G 1X5Canada Division of Gastroenterology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States

Pharmaceutical companies that produce gastrointestinal(GI)medications often utilize phthalates for their ability to localize medication *** prescribed GI medications that may utilize phthalates are 5-Aminosalicylates,proton pump inhibitors,and pancreatic *** understanding of the cumulative health effects of phthalates from medications remains unclear,and there is increasing evidence that phthalates are not *** studies in animals have shown that phthalates,specifically dibutyl phthalate and Di-(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate,have the potential to alter and/or inhibit reproductive biology and in utero *** the lack of definitive human data,many cohort and cross-sectional studies demonstrate concerning associations between phthalates and poor health status,specifically developmental *** studies and studies with larger sample sizes are required to determine whether phthalates actually cause negative health *** is also important that physicians regularly review and discuss with patients the medicinal ingredients in their medications and supplements,specifically in pregnant woman with inflammatory bowel disease.

关键词： Phthalates Dibutyl phthalate 5-Aminosalicylates Medications Development Pregnancy

An adaptive range-query optimization technique with distributed replicas

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第1期21卷 190-198页

作者： Sayar Ahmet Pierce Marlon Fox C.geoffrey Department of Computer Engineering Kocaeli University Department of Computer Science Indiana University Community Grids Lab Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing Indiana University

Replication is an approach often used to speed up the execution of queries submitted to a large dataset.A compile-time/run-time approach is presented for minimizing the response time of 2-dimensional range when a distributed replica of a dataset *** aim is to partition the query payload(and its range) into subsets and distribute those to the replica nodes in a way that minimizes a client's response ***,since query size and distribution characteristics of data(data dense/sparse regions) in varying ranges are not known a priori,performing efficient load balancing and parallel processing over the unpredictable workload is difficult.A technique based on the creation and manipulation of dynamic spatial indexes for query payload estimation in distributed queries was *** effectiveness of this technique was demonstrated on queries for analysis of archived earthquake-generated seismic data records.

关键词： distributed systems load balancing range query query optimization

Grain production trends in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan： New opportunities in an increasingly unstable world？

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第2期6卷 157-166页

作者： Elena LIOUBIMTSEVA geoffrey M. HENEBRY2 Geography and Planning Department and Environmental Studies Program Grand Valley State University Allendale MI 49401-9403 USA Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence South Dakota State University Brookings SD 57007-3510 USA

Grain production in the countries of the former USSR sharply declined during the past two decades and has only recently started to recover. In the context of the current economic and food-price crisis, Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan might be presented with a window of opportunity to reemerge on the global agricultural market, if they succeed in increasing their productivity. The future of their agriculture, however, is highly sensitive to a combination of internal and external factors, such as institutional changes, land-use changes, climate variability and change, and global economic trends. The future of this region＇s grain production is likely to have a significant impact on the global and regional food security over the next decades.

关键词： Russia Ukraine Kazakhstan food security,global change grain production

Growth at the microscale:long term thinning effects on patterns and timing of intra-annual stem increment in radiata pine

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 438-450页

作者： David M.Drew geoffrey M.Downes Department of Forest and wood Science Stellenbosch UniversityPrivate Bag X1Matieland 7800South Africa Forest Quality Pty Ltd PO Box 293 HuonvilleTASAustralia.

Background: Stem radial growth in forests is not uniform. Rather, it is characterized by periods of relatively fast or slow growth, or sometimes no growth at all. These fluctuations are generally a function of varying environmental conditions(e.g. water availability) and, importantly, will also be associated with adjustments in proprties in the wood formed. Stand level conditions and forest management, particularly thinning and stand density will, thowever, also have a major influence on patterns of growth variation. we explore how different thinning histories and/or stand densities influence these dynamics of tree growth in the important commercial plantation species Pinus radiata D. ***: Daily stem size change was measured using electronic point dendrometers over two growing seasons on P. radiata trees at two sites, subjected to different thinning regimes. Timing, rates and periodicity of annual growth were calculated from these ***: Greater overall cross-sectional growth in thinned plots was driven mainly by two dynamics. First, the cessation of seasonal growth occurred at least 3 weeks later in the stands in which thinning had taken place. There was no difference between thinned/unthinned stands, however, in the timing of growth onset. Second, within the longer season, trees in thinned plots had more growth days(as much as 20% more) than unthinned plots. The rates of growth on days when growth occurred were not different, however. In this context, it is notable that in trees in the unthinned plots experiencing the most severe competition there were strong "pulses" of growth following drought-breaking rainfall events. Unthinned plots at high stand densities also maintained a smaller(but consistent) zone of dividing cells throughout the season than thinned ***: In Pinus radiata growing under conditions as in our study, conditions late in summer, particularly drought, have an important effect on the timing of cessation of growth. Earl

关键词： Monterey pine Dendrometer Intra-annual growth Drought Thinning

A Factor Decomposing Model of water Use Efficiency at Sector Level and Its Application in Beijing

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2016年第2期29卷 405-427页

作者： LIU Xiuli HEwINGS J D geoffrey CHEN Xikang wANG Shouyang Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China. Regional Economics Applications Laboratory University of Illinois607 S.Mathews#318UrbanaIL61801USA

The paper explores the contribution of different factors affecting water use efficiency(wUE) of each sector and explores ways to improve wUE.A new Multi-Sector and Multi-Factors Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(MLMDI) decomposition method was developed that enabled the identification of wUE by sector into 11 factors in terms of their order of *** application to Beijing at the 19 sector level was made for the period between 2002–*** water conservation effects of six measures proposed during the 12th-Five-Year-Plan of Beijing were *** was found that,to decrease the transferred out and export of agriculture products and increasing water prices would be the top two most effective measures to promote water *** the adjustment of direct water use structure would contribute in less significant way,the adjustment of industrial structure would have a negative effect.

关键词： Beijing factor decomposition method water use efficiency.

The effect of solvent in evaporation-induced self-assembly:A case study of benzene periodic mesoporous organosilica

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第12期54卷 1920-1925页

作者： wANG wenDong FAULKNER Daniel MOIR Jonathon OZIN geoffrey A Materials Chemistry Research Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto M5S 3H6 Canada Department of Materials Science ＆ Engineering University of Toronto 184 College St Toronto M5S 3E4 Canada

Volatile organic solvents were considered to have little influence on the synthesis of mesostructured materials through evaporation-induced self-assembly(EISA),because upon evaporation they leave the sol and hence do not interfere with the self-assembly *** show here that the choice of solvent is crucial in the synthesis of thin films of phenylene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica(benzene PMO).Methanol is found to be a better solvent for the synthesis of thin films,whereas ethanol favors the formation of(HO)3Si-C6H4-Si(OH)3 crystals,the identity and structure of which is established by X-ray diffraction.A ternary reactant composition diagram is designed to visualize the relationship among multiple synthesis experiments and to guide the interpretation of experimental results and optimization of the quality of the periodic mesoporous organosilica *** study highlights the importance of solvent choice,a factor often neglected in *** expect it to inspire researchers to explore the effect of solvent in designing the synthesis of mesoporous materials.

关键词： mesoporous materials periodic mesoporous organosilica evaporation induced self assembly thin films

Entrepreneurship Measurement and Comparison:Holistic Acceptability Global Entrepreneurship Index

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2020年第6期33卷 1959-1979页

作者： SONG Lianlian LAI Kin Keung TSO Kwok Fai geoffrey YEN Jerome Department of Business Management Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China College of Economics Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Department of Management Science City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Faculty of Science and'Technology University of MacaoMacaoChina

The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute annually publishes the Global Entrepreneurship Index(GEI)to show entrepreneurship of each country/*** GEI is obtained by averaging the scores of three sub-indexes,entrepreneurial attitudes,entrepreneurial abilities and Entrepreneurial ***,this GEI construction method with equal weights for three subindexes may be controversial,since the relative importance among the three sub-indexes may vary across countries and areas due to economic and social/cultural *** study comprehensively considers all possible weights,and formulates an interval entrepreneurship evaluation *** the Stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis,the authors build an improved GEI,which the authors term the Holistic Acceptability Global Entrepreneurship *** method differs from the conventional wisdom that assigns exact values to corresponding weights,but explores a weight space considering all possible weight ***,the proposed method is confirmed using an empirical study measuring and comparing the entrepreneurship of the top 20 countries and areas in terms of 2017 GEI.

关键词： Entrepreneurship entrepreneurship evaluation matrix global entrepreneurship index stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis

Dynamic infrared thermography and smartphone thermal imaging as an adjunct for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative perforator free flap monitoring

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2019年第12期6卷 14-25页

作者： geoffrey G.Hallock Division of Plastic Surgery St.Luke's HospitalSacred Heart CampusAllentownPennsylvania 18103USA

Aim:The versatile application of perforator free flaps for coverage of any extremity has been well ***,a"freestyle"-like approach is used to design these flaps,as conventional imaging techniques for perforator identification may be too expensive or *** will be demonstrated,the recent application of a thermal imaging camera using a smartphone is a cheaper and therefore more universal means to better identify the requisite perforators upon which a free flap can be designed and then ***:Smartphone thermography can be used on any patient preoperatively to identify preferable perforators or vascular network"hot spots"within the desired donor site *** management of the choice of perforators and subsequent flap dissection can be similarly *** postoperative monitoring based on changes of the thermal image color palette will provide a comparison that can be used to determine if perfusion across the microanastomosis is ***:An overview of how to use a smartphone in concert with a thermal imaging camera is *** infrared thermography represents a thermal stress necessary with a smartphone to better identify donor site"hot spots".Conclusion:Smartphone thermography is an inexpensive and expeditious means for identification of"hot spots"that correlate with perforators that would suffice to insure perfusion to a free perforator ***,since perforator caliber and course cannot be determined,this should be considered to be only a complementary adjunct for conventional ***,its simplicity will overall improve the safer design,harvest,and subsequent monitoring of free flaps.

关键词： Smartphone thermography thermal image camera perforator free flap microvascular tissue transfer monitor

Atmospheric Ducting Effect in wireless Communications:Challenges and Opportunities

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2021年第2期6卷 101-109页

作者： Fangfang Liu Jiaxi Pan Xiangwei Zhou geoffrey Ye Li Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and ConvergenceBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803USA Imperial College London London SW72AZU.K.

Atmospheric ducting has a significant impact on electromagnetic wave *** signals that are trapped and guided by the atmospheric duct can travel a much longer distance over the horizon with lower attenuation since the signal power does not spread isotropically through the *** ducting brings both challenges and opportunities to wireless *** one hand,the signals propagating in the atmospheric duct may interfere with a receiver far away as remote co-channel *** the other hand,a point-to-point link can be established directly through the atmospheric duct to enable beyond line-of-sight *** this article,the formation of the atmospheric duct and its effects on radio wave propagation are first *** solutions and standardization activities in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)to mitigate atmospheric duct induced remote interference are ***,the applications and design challenges of atmospheric duct enabled beyond line-of-sight communications are reviewed and future research directions are suggested.

关键词： atmospheric duct ducting channel modeling beyond line-of-sight remote interference management