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Phyt.t.xicit. Assessment.of Biofert.lizer Produced from Bioreact.r Compost.ng t.chnology Using Let.uce (Lact.ca sat.va L.) seeds

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第5期13卷 257-270页

作者： Eva R. Orlina Neil Angelo D. Besana gene t. señeris Kat.leen C. Capiña Depart.ent.of Plant.Science College of Agriculture Forestry and Environmental Sciences Aklan State University Banga Philippines

Est.blishing reliable t.chnological informat.on on t.e safet. of biofert.lizers produced from a bioreact.r compost.ng t.chnique is a must.prior t. it. commercializat.on. A phyt.t.xicit. st.dy of biofert.lizer made from t.e bioreact.r compost.ng t.chnology at.Aklan St.t. Universit., Banga, Aklan, Philippines was conduct.d for fourt.en (14) days using commercially available let.uce seeds (Lact.ca sat.va L.). St.ndard phyt.t.xicit. at.ribut.s such as hypocot.l lengt., radicle lengt., relat.ve germinat.on percent.ge, and relat.ve radicle growt. observed during t.e germinat.on st.ge were evaluat.d. Result. revealed no significant.difference in t.e radicle lengt.s of t.e germinat.d let.uce seeds as affect.d by t.e varying levels of biofert.lizer dilut.on at.H(3) = 10.567, p = 0.061 > 0.05. On t.e ot.er hand, t.e hypocot.l lengt. of t.e let.uce showed significant.differences in response t. varying levels of biofert.lizer dilut.on wit. Welch’s F(5, 5.163) = 8.175, p = 0.017 t.e different.levels of biofert.lizer affect.d significant.y t.e germinat.on percent.ge of let.uce seeds F(5, 12) = 5.822, p = 0.006 t.lizer t.eat.ent. indicat.d a decrease in relat.ve germinat.on percent.ge. However, t.ose seeds applied wit. 10% biofert.lizer have t.e highest.reduct.on of germinat.on percent.ge, equivalent.t. 86.9% (RGP = 13.10%). All levels of biofert.lizer showed an increase in radicle growt. in cont.ast.t. t.e negat.ve cont.ol plant.except.for t.e one given a 10% level of biofert.lizer. seeds t.at.received 10% biofert.lizer showed an ext.emely high reduct.on in radicle growt., equivalent.t. 72.22% (RRG = 27.78%). t.e st.dy shows t.at.applying low levels of t.e bioreact.r-produced biofert.lizer will observably reduce t.e measure of t.e germinat.on charact.0}t.cs of let.uce seeds, but.not.necessarily low enough t. be considered phyt.t.xic. However, t.e applicat.on of at.least.10% bioreact.r-produced biofert.lizer can presumpt.vely lead t. phyt

关键词： Biofert.lizer Bioreact.r Germinat.on Let.uce And Phyt.t.xicit.

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At.enuat.d ret.noic acid signaling is among t.e early responses in mouse ut.rus approaching embryo at.achment

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生殖与发育医学(英文) 2024年第1期08卷 61-65页

作者： Diao Honglu Xiao Shuo Zhou t.ng Mart.n t.ylor E. Wat.ord Wendy t. Ye Xiaoqin Depart.ent.of Infect.ous Diseases Depart.ent.of Physiology and Pharmacology College of Vet.rinary Medicine 3. Universit. of Georgia 4. At.ens 5. GA 30602 6. USA Depart.ent.of Physiology and Cell Biology Universit. of Nevada 9. Reno School of Medicine 10. Reno 11. NV 89557

t.e ut.rus is t.ansient.y recept.ve for embryo implant.t.on. It.remains t. be underst.od why t.e ut.rus does not.reject.a semi-allogeneic embryo (t. t.e biological mot.er) or an allogeneic embryo (t. a surrogat.) for implant.t.on. t. gain insight., we examined ut.rine early response genes approaching embryo at.achment.on day 3 post.coit.m (D3) at.22 hours when blue dye react.on, an indicat.on of embryo at.achment. had not.manifest.d in mice. C57BL/6 pseudo-pregnant.(cont.ol) and pregnant.mouse ut.ri were collect.d on D3 at.22 hours for microarray analysis. t.e self-assembling-manifold (SAM) algorit.m ident.fied 21,858 unique probeset.. Principal component.analysis indicat.d a clear separat.on bet.een t.e pseudo-pregnant.and pregnant.groups. t.ere were 106 upregulat.d and five downregulat.d prot.in-coding genes in t.e pregnant.ut.rus wit. fold change (fc) >1.5 andq value gene ont.logy (GO) analysis of t.e 106 upregulat.d genes revealed 38 significant.GO biological process (GOBP) t.rms (P t.em were associat.d wit. immune responses, wit. a dominant.nat.ral killer (NK) cell act.vat.on signat.re. Among t.e t.p eight.upregulat.d prot.in-coding genes,Cyp26a1 inact.vat.s ret.noic acid (RA) whileLrat.promot.s vit.min A st.rage, bot. of which are expect.d t. at.enuat. RA bioavailabilit.;At.6v0d2 andGjb2 play roles in ion t.ansport.and t.ansmembrane t.ansport.Gzmb,Gzmc, andIl2rb are involved in immune responses; andt.o2 is import.nt.for kynurenine pat.way. Most.of t.ese genes or t.eir relat.d pat.ways have funct.ons in immune regulat.ons. RA signaling has been implicat.d in immune t.lerance and immune homeost.sis, and ut.rine NK cells have been implicat.d in immunot.lerance at.t.e mat.rnal-fet.l int.rface in t.e placent.. t.e mechanisms of immune responses approaching embryo at.achment.remain t. be elucidat.d. t.e coordinat.d effect. of t.e early response genes may hold t.e keys t. t.e quest.on of why t.e ut.rus does not.reject.an implant.ng embryo

关键词： Embryo at.achment Pseudo-pregnant.ut.rus Pregnant.ut.rus Nat.ral killer cell act.vat.on signat.re Ret.noic acid bioavailabilit. t.ansmembrane t.ansport.and ion t.ansport

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Enhanced and asymmet.ic signat.res of hybridizat.on at.climat.c margins: Evidence from closely relat.d dioecious fig species

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Plant.Diversit. 2024年第2期46卷 181-193页

作者： Jian-Feng Huang Clive t.Darwell Yan-Qiong Peng CAS Key Laborat.ry of t.opical Forest.Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China Nat.onal Cent.r for genet.c Engineering and Biot.chnology(BIOt.C) 113 Thailand Science ParkPhahonyothin RoadKhlong NuengKhlong LuangPathum Thani 12120Thailand

Hybridizat.on plays a significant.role in biological evolut.on. However, it.is not.clear whet.er ecological cont.ngency different.ally influences likelihood of hybridizat.on, part.cularly at.ecological margins where parent.l species may exhibit.reduced fit.esses. Moreover, it.is unknown whet.er fut.re ecosyst.m change will increase t.e prevalence of hybridizat.on. Ficus het.rost.la and F. squamosa are closely relat.d species co-dist.ibut.d from sout.ern t.ailand t. sout.west.China where hybridizat.on, yielding viable seeds, has been document.d. As a robust.t.st.of ecological fact.rs driving hybridizat.on, we invest.gat.d spat.al hybridizat.on signat.res based on nuclear microsat.llit.s from ext.nsive populat.on sampling across a widespread cont.ct.range. Bot. species showed high populat.on different.at.on and st.ong pat.erns of isolat.on by dist.nce. Admixt.re est.mat.s exposed asymmet.ic int.rspecific gene *** of hybridizat.on increase significant.y t.wards higher lat.t.de zones, peaking at.t.e nort.ern climat.c margins. Geographic variat.on in reproduct.ve phenology combined wit. ecologically challenging marginal habit.t. may promot. t.is phenomenon. Our work is a first.syst.mat.c evaluat.on of such pat.erns in a comprehensive, lat.t.dinally-based clinal cont.xt. and indicat.s t.at.t.ndency t. hybridize appears st.ongly influenced by environment.l condit.ons. Moreover, t.at.fut.re climat. change scenarios will likely alt.r and possibly augment.cases of hybridizat.on at.ecosyst.m scales.

关键词： Hybridizat.on Het.rospecific visit.t.on Fig Pollinat.r wasp Asymmet.ic gene flow

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New t.ends in diagnosis and management.of gallbladder carcinoma

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World Journal of Gast.oint.st.nal Oncology 2024年第1期16卷 13-29页

作者： Efst.t.ios t.Pavlidis Ioannis N Galanis t.eodoros E Pavlidis ^(nd)Propedeut.c Depart.ent.of Surgery Hippokration General HospitalSchool of MedicineAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece

Gallbladder(GB)carcinoma,alt.ough relat.vely rare,is t.e most.common biliary t.ee cholangiocarcinoma wit. aggressiveness and poor *** is closely associat.d wit. cholelit.iasis and long-st.nding large(>3 cm)gallst.nes in up t. 90%of *** ot.er main predisposing fact.rs for GB carcinoma include molecular fact.rs such as mut.t.d genes,GB wall calcificat.on(porcelain)or mainly mucosal microcalcificat.ons,and GB polyps≥1 cm in *** is made by ult.asound,comput.d t.mography(Ct.,and,more precisely,magnet.c resonance imaging(MRI).Preoperat.ve st.ging is of great.import.nce in decisionmaking regarding t.erapeut.c *** st.ging is based on MRI findings,t.e leading t.chnique for liver met.st.sis imaging,enhanced t.ree-phase Ct.angiography,or magnet.c resonance angiography for major vessel *** is also necessary t. use posit.on emission t.mography(PEt.-Ct.or ^(18)F-FDG PEt.MRI t. more accurat.ly det.ct.met.st.ses and any ot.er occult.deposit. wit. act.ve met.bolic *** laparoscopy may det.ct.disseminat.on not.ot.erwise found in 20%-28.6%of *** t.eat.ent.is needed,including surgical resect.on,t.rget.d t.erapy by biological agent. according t. molecular t.st.ng gene mapping,chemot.erapy,radiat.on t.erapy,and *** is of great.import.nce t. underst.nd t.e updat.d guidelines and current.t.eat.ent.*** ext.nt.of surgical int.rvent.on depends on t.e disease st.ge,ranging from simple cholecyst.ct.my(t.a)t. ext.nded resect.ons and including ext.nded cholecyst.ct.my(t.b),wit. wide lymph node resect.on in every case or IV-V segment.ct.my(t.),hepat.c t.isegment.ct.my or major hepat.ct.my accompanied by hepat.cojejunost.my Roux-Y,and adjacent.organ resect.on if necessary(t.).Laparoscopic or robot.c surgery shows fewer post.perat.ve complicat.ons and equivalent.oncological out.omes when compared t. open surgery,but.much at.ent.on must.be paid t. avoiding *** addit.on t. surgery,novel t.rge

关键词： Biliary t.act.neoplasms Ext.ahepat.c cholangiocarcinoma Gallbladder carcinoma Gallbladder diseases Biliary t.ee diseases Gast.oint.st.nal malignancies

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t.e prolact.n recept.r(PRLR)gene is linked t. and associat.d wit. t.e comorbidit. of depression and t.pe 2 diabet.s in It.lian families

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genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 15-17页

作者： Mut.z Amin Rongling Wu t.odor t.Post.lache Claudia Gragnoli INseRM US14-OrphanetParis 75014France Universit. of Paris Paris 75013France Depart.ent.of Biochemist.yand Molecular Biology Faculty of MedicineAl-Neelain UniversityKhartoum 11121Sudan Depart.ent.of Public Healt. Sciences Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Depart.ent.of St.t.st.cs Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Mood and Anxiet. Program Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201USA Rocky Mount.in Ment.l Illness Research Educat.on and Clinical Cent.r(MIRECC) Veterans Integrated Service Network(VISN)19Military and Veteran Microbiome:Consortium for Research and Education(MVM-CoRE)DenverCO80246USA Ment.l illness Research Educat.on and Clinical Cent.r(MIRECC) Veterans Integrated Service Network(VISN)5VA Capitol Health Care NetworkBaltimoreMD 21090USA Division of Endocrinology Department of MedicineCreighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68124USA Molecular Biology Laborat.ry Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health CenterRome 00197Italy

Major depressive disorder(MDD)and t.pe 2 diabet.s(t.D)are t.o common complex mult.fact.rial disorders t.at.share several genet.c and environment.l risk fact.rs such as hypercort.solism and relat.d genes'riskvariant. wit.in t.e st.ess response and t.e neuroendocrine hypot.alamicpit.it.ry *** st.ess,t.e pit.it.ry gland releases prolact.n(PRL),whose effect. are pleiot.opic and include mood cont.ol and insulin secret.on from t.e bet. cells.1 Variat.ons in t.e prolact.n recept.r(PRLR)gene are associat.d in rodent.models wit. st.ess level,depressionlike behavior,2 and hepat.c insulin sensit.vit.3 and in humans wit. mat.rnal glucose homeost.sis and gest.t.onal diabet.s.

关键词： diabet.s prolact.n pit.it.ry

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t.e role of melat.nin recept.r 1B gene(Mt.R1B)in t.e suscept.bilit. t. depression and t.pe 2 diabet.s comorbidit.

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genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 113-115页

作者： Mut.z Amin Benjamin Rafla Rongling Wu t.odor t.Post.lache Cclaudia Gragnoli INseRM US14-OrphanetParis 75014France Depart.ent.of Biochemist.y and Molecular Biology Faculty of MedicineAl-Neelain UniversityKhartoum 11121Sudan Division of Endocrinology Department of MedicineCreighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68124USA Depart.ent.of Public Healt. Sciences Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Depart.ent.of St.t.st.cs Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Mood and Anxiet. Program Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201USA Rocky Mount.in Ment.l llness Research Educat.on and Clinical Cent.r(MIRECC) Veterans Integrated Service Network(VISN)19Military and Veteran Microbiome:Consortium for Research and Education(MVM-CoRE)DenverCO 80246USA Ment.l Ilness Research Educat.on and Clinical Cent.r(MIRECC) Veterans Integrated Service Network(VISN)5VA Capitol Health Care NetworkBaltimoreMD 21090USA Molecular Biology Laborat.ry Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health CenterRome00197Italy

Melat.nin is an endogenous monoamine hormone secret.d by t.e pineal *** signaling has been shown t. play a role in circadian rhyt.m regulat.on,lipid and glucose met.bolism,and obesit.,and it.has ant.-inflammat.ry and ant.oxidant.*** melat.nin recept.r 1B gene(Mt.R1B)is expressed in,among ot.er t.ssues,t.e brain and pancreat.c bet. cells,and risk variant. for t.D have been report.d as impairing early insulin secret.on and increasing fast.ng glucose levels.^(1) Variant. in t.e Mt.R1B gene also have been report.d in pat.ent. wit. depression(MDD).

关键词： Mt.R1B met.bolism propert.es.

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Comparat.ve analyses of mit.genomes in t.e social bees wit. insight. int. evolut.on of long invert.d repeat. in t.e Meliponini

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 160-175页

作者： Yu-Ran Li Zheng-Wei Wang Richard t.Corlet. Wen-Bin Yu Yunnan Key Laborat.ry for t.e Conservat.on of t.opical Rainforest. and Asian Elephant.&Cent.r for Int.grat.ve Conservat.on Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China CAS Key Laborat.ry of t.opical Forest.Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Sout.east.Asia Biodiversit. Research Inst.t.t. Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Universit. of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China

t.e insect.mit.genome is t.pically a compact.circular molecule wit. highly conserved gene ***,mit.genome st.uct.ral variat.ons have been report.d in specific t.xa,and gene rearrangement.,usually t.e t.NAs,occur in different.*** synapomorphies of mit.genome organizat.ons can provide informat.on for phylogenet.c inferences,comparat.ve analyses of mit.genomes have been given increasing ***,most.st.dies use a very few species t. represent.t.e whole genus,t.ibe,family,or even order,overlooking pot.nt.al variat.ons at.lower t.xonomic levels,which might.lead t. some incorrect.*** provide new insight. int. mit.genome organizat.ons and t.eir implicat.ons for phylogenet.c inference,t.is st.dy conduct.d comparat.ve analyses for mit.genomes of t.ree social bee t.ibes(Meliponini,Bombini,and Apini)based on t.e phylogenet.c framework wit. denser t.xonomic sampling at.t.e species and populat.on *** analyses revealed t.at.mit.genomes of Apini and Bombini are t.e t.pical t.pe,while t.ose of Meliponini show diverse variat.ons in mit.genome sizes and *** invert.d repeat.(IRs)cause significant.gene rearrangement. of prot.in coding genes(PCGs)and rRNAs in Indo-Malay/Aust.alian st.ngless bee *** evolut.on analyses showed t.at.t.e lineage wit. IRs have lower dN/dS rat.os for PCGs t.an lineages wit.out.IRs,indicat.ng pot.nt.al effect. of IRs on t.e evolut.on of mit.chondrial *** finding of IRs and different.pat.erns of gene rearrangement. suggest.d t.at.Meliponini is a hot.pot.in mit.genome *** conserved PCGs and rRNAs whose rearrangement. were found only in t.e ment.oned lineages wit.in Meliponini,t.NA rearrangement. are common across all t.ree t.ibes of social bees,and are significant.even at.t.e species level,indicat.ng t.at.comprehensive sampling is needed t. fully underst.nd t.e pat.erns of t.NA rearrangement.,and t.eir implicat.ons for phylogenet.c inference.

关键词： Social bees Phylogeny Mit.genome st.uct.re gene rearrangement Invert.d repeat.

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Morphological and molecular descript.on of a new species of sandfly,sergent.myia(Neophlebot.mus)ashwanii ***.(Dipt.ra:Psychodidae)from West.rn Ghat.,India

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Asian Pacific Journal of t.opical Medicine 2024年第5期17卷 226-234页

作者： Prasant. Saini Harish Kumar Shah Mat.ew Jessu Sonia t.t.m Anns KP Amju ICMR-Vect.r Cont.ol Research Cent.e(Field St.t.on) KottayamKeralaIndia

Object.ve:t. report.a new species of sandfly,sergent.myia(Neophlebot.mus)ashwanii ***.(Dipt.ra:Psychodidae)from West.rn Ghat.,***:A syst.mat.c sandfly survey was conduct.d in t.e t.rissur and Kollam dist.ict. of Kerala,India using mechanical aspirat.rs,light.and st.cky t.aps,bot. indoor and out.oor habit.t.,for a period of one *** acid barcoding of samples was performed t.rget.ng mit.chondrial cyt.chrome oxidase I(COI)gene and sequence generat.d was subject.d t. phylogenet.c ***:sergent.myia(Neophlebot.mus)ashwanii,a new sandfly species is recorded and described in t.is communicat.on.A single row of 10-12 point.d t.et. in t.e cibarium wit. 4-6 small dent.cles or fore-t.et. are t.e key charact.3}t.cs t.at.is dist.nct.ve from ot.er members of t.e subgenus *** COI barcode followed by phylogenet.c analysis of t.e nucleot.de sequence confirms t.at.specimens of t.e species belong t. t.e same t.xonomic group while t.e genet.c dist.nce(14.2%)wit. t.e congeners est.blished it.t. be a different.***:t.e West.rn Ghat.'being an import.nt.biodiversit. hot.pot.and has deart. of syst.mat.c ent.mological surveys on *** current.st.dy t.ied t. fill t.e void and also report.a new sandfly species.

关键词： sergent.myia(Neophlebot.mus)ashwanii COI barcode West.rn Ghat. Phlebot.mine sandflies

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MicroRNAs in hepat.cellular carcinoma t.eat.ent.Chart.ng t.e pat. forward

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World Journal of Gast.oent.rology 2024年第11期30卷 1470-1474页

作者： Hong t.Lin Ant.nio F Alvarez Cast.neda Somashekar G Krishna Khalid Mumt.z Division of Gast.oent.rology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are recognized for t.eir involvement.in t.e regulat.on of gene expression and exhibit.significant.pot.nt.al in bot. t.e prognost.c assessment.and t.eat.ent.of hepat.cellular carcinoma(HCC).HCC,like ot.er t.mors,seldom occurs in isolat.on;inst.ad,it.evolves wit.in a microenvironment.feat.ring oncogenic and t.mor-suppressive *** combined wit. suit.ble delivery vehicles,miRNA t.chnology provides t.e capabilit. t. direct.y engage wit. t.ese element.,t.ereby hindering t.mor format.on and *** research in t.is domain holds t.e promise of enabling a more efficacious and mult.-modal t.eat.ent.approach for HCC in t.e near fut.re.

关键词： Hepat.cellular carcinoma t.mor microenvironment MicroRNA Mesenchymal st.m cell Exosome

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Rice-wheat.comparat.ve genomics:Gains and gaps

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t.e Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 656-669页

作者： Akila Wijerat.na-Yapa Ruchi Bishnoi Buddhini Ranawaka Manu Maya Magar Hafeez Ur Rehman Swat. G.Bharad Michal t.Lorenc Vinit. Ramt.key Sasha Gohar Charu Lat. Md.Harun-Or-Rashid Maryam Razzaq Muhammad Sajjad Bhoja *** School of Agricult.re and Food Sust.inabilit. The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia ARC Cent.e of Excellence for Plant.Success in Nat.re and Agricult.re The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia Depart.ent.of genet.cs and Plant.Breeding College of AgricultureUmmedganj-KotaAgriculture UniversityKotaRajasthan 324001India Cent.e for Agricult.re and t.e Bioeconomy Queensland University of Technology(QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia UWA School of Agricult.re and Environment The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia Nepal Agricult.re Research Council KhumaltarLalitpurNepal Depart.ent.of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Depart.ent.of Agricult.ral Bot.ny Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi VidyapeethAkola 444104MaharashtraIndia ICAR-Indian Inst.t.t. of seed Science MauUttar Pradesh 275103India School of Nat.ral Sciences Macquarie UniversityMacquarie ParkNSW 2109Australia ICAR-Indian Inst.t.t. of Wheat.and Barley Research Flowrdale 54642ShimlaIndia Int.rnat.onal Maize and Wheat.Improvement.Cent.r(CIMMYt.Bangladesh Office Gulshan-2Dhaka 1212Bangladesh Cent.r for seed Science University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Depart.ent.of Biosciences COMSATS University IslamabadPark RoadTarlai KalanIslamabad 45550Pakistan CGIAR’s Excellence in Breeding(EiB)Plat.orm/Accelerat.d Breeding Init.at.ve International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)El Batán 56237Mexico

Rice and wheat.provide nearly 40%of human calorie and prot.in *** share a common ancest.r and belong t. t.e Poaceae(grass)*** t.eir genet.c homology is crucial for developing new cult.vars wit. enhanced *** wheat.genes and gene families have been charact.rized based on t.eir rice ***–wheat.ort.ology can ident.fy genet.c regions t.at.regulat. similar t.ait. in bot. ***–wheat.comparat.ve genomics can ident.fy candidat. wheat.genes in a genomic region ident.fied by associat.on or Qt. mapping,deduce t.eir put.t.ve funct.ons and biochemical pat.ways,and develop molecular markers for marker-assist.d breeding.A knowledge of gene homology facilit.t.s t.e t.ansfer bet.een crops of genes or genomic regions associat.d wit. desirable t.ait. by genet.c engineering,gene edit.ng,or wide crossing.

关键词： Comparat.ve genomics Ort.ologs genes Synt.ny genet.c engineering Molecular breeding

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