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Opportunities and challenges for developing closed-loop bioelectronic medicines

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第1期14卷 46-50页

作者： Patrick D.Ganzer gaurav Sharma Medical Devices and Neuromodulation Battelle Memorial Institute

The peripheral nervous system plays a major role in the maintenance of our physiology. Several peripheral nerves intimately regulate the state of the brain, spinal cord, and visceral systems. A new class of therapeutics, called bioelectronic medicines, are being developed to precisely regulate physiology and treat dysfunction using peripheral nerve stimulation. In this review, we first discuss new work using closed-loop bioelectronic medicine to treat upper limb paralysis. In contrast to open-loop bioelectronic medicines, closed-loop approaches trigger ‘on demand' peripheral nerve stimulation due to a change in function(e.g., during an upper limb movement or a change in cardiopulmonary state). We also outline our perspective on timing rules for closedloop bioelectronic stimulation, interface features for non-invasively stimulating peripheral nerves, and machine learning algorithms to recognize disease events for closed-loop stimulation control. Although there will be several challenges for this emerging field, we look forward to future bioelectronic medicines that can autonomously sense changes in the body, to provide closed-loop peripheral nerve stimulation and treat disease.

关键词： spinal cord injury stroke plasticity closed-loop bioelectronic medicine machine learning nerve stimulation vagus nerve

Rate-dependent mechanical behavior of jointed rock with an impersistent joint under different infill conditions

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第5期14卷 1380-1393页

作者： Sachin Kumar gaurav Tiwari Venkitanarayanan Parameswaran Arghya Das Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyKanpurIndia

Transition in the rate-dependent mechanical response of rock was investigated due to the presence of impersistent joint with different infill *** types of samples,***,jointed with no grouting,jointed and grouted with cement,and jointed and grouted with epoxy,were fabricated using model material.A series of dynamic split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) tests was conducted on prepared samples with strain rates varying between 53-130 salong with static uniaxial compression tests(10s).Progression of fracture/failure along samples was monitored using high-speed imaging and digital image correlation(DIC).Strength was observed to be significantly lower for jointed samples as compared to intact ***,the increasing trend of strength with strain rates remained similar for all types of *** was observed to be a better grout due to greater improvement in the strength of epoxy grouted jointed samples than cement grouted samples under both static and dynamic *** changes were observed in fracture behavior(initiation,pattern and mechanism)with strain rate for intact and jointed unfilled/grouted *** was dominated by shear and tensile cracks at high strain rates compared to tensile cracks at low strain rates in all *** static loading conditions,the location of cracks initiation shifts away from joint tips with increasing strain rate and depending upon existing infill conditions(unfilled/grouted).

关键词： Jointed rocks Grouted joint Dynamic loading Strain rates

Designing a clean and efficient air conditioner with AI intervention to optimize energy-exergy interplay

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Energy and AI 2020年第2期2卷 101-115页

作者： Pranaynil Saikia gaurav Dibakar Rakshit Centre for Energy Studies Indian Institute of Technology DelhiHauz KhasNew Delhi 110016India Mechanical Engineering Department Mewat Engineering CollegeNuhHaryana 122107India The University of Queensland Australia

Conventional refrigerants in air conditioners(A/Cs)although deliver localized comfort within dwellings,their overall detrimental impact on the environment is an alarming *** study investigates eco-friendly alter-natives to the refrigerants R410A and R22(which contribute to global warming and ozone depletion)through a comprehensive analysis of salient parameters such as coefficient of performance(COP),volumetric cooling capacity,and exergetic efficiency(η_(ex))featuring a sustainably retrofitted vapor compression based A/*** thermophysical properties of alternate refrigerants yield multiple options for contriving a sustainable A/***-formance enhancement of the retrofitted system is then realized through a multifaceted genetic algorithm(GA)coupled with an artificial neural network(ANN).Subsequently,the incongruence of optimality between maxi-mum system COP and maximum𝜂ex is dealt by a dual ANN powered non dominated sorting genetic algorithm-2(NSGA-2)optimizer which provides balanced output in terms of COP(4.37 for L20a and 4.238 for ARM71a refrig-erant respectively)and η_(ex)(26.208% for L20a and 25.413% for ARM71a refrigerant respectively).The artificial intelligence(AI)based approach helps comprehend the trade-off between different system performance indices(having different units/ranges of variation)during optimum design ***,the data-driven sur-rogate model reveals the dominating effect of energy performance over exergy performance of the system,urging for the higher priority of resource allocation for COP upgrade than𝜂η_(ex) ***,the multi-objective op-timization yields a broader set of Pareto optimal points which offer flexibility to the stakeholders to thrust the sustainable system towards higher COP or higher η_(ex) mode of operation.

关键词： Refrigerant Machine learning Energy Exergy Artificial neural network Genetic algorithm

Safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy:Adoption of universal culture of safety in cholecystectomy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2019年第2期11卷 62-84页

作者： Vishal Gupta gaurav Jain Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Shatabdi Hospital Phase 1 King George’s Medical University Transplant and HPB Surgery the Iowa Clinic-Iowa Methodist Hospital

The incidence of biliary injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) has shown a declining trend though it may still be twice that as with open cholecystectomy. Major biliary or vasculobiliary injury is associated with significant morbidity. As prevention is the best strategy, the concept of a culture of safe cholecystectomy has been recently introduced to educate surgeons and apprise them of basic tenets of safe performance of LC. Various aspects of safe cholecystectomy include:(1) thorough knowledge of relevant anatomy, various anatomical landmarks, and anatomical variations;(2) an understanding of the mechanisms involved in biliary/vascular injury, the most important being the misidentification injury;(3) identification of various preoperative and intraoperative predictors of difficult cholecystectomy;(4) proper gallbladder retraction;(5) safe use of various energy devices;(6) understanding the critical view of safety, including its doublet view and documentation;(7) awareness of various error traps(e.g., fundus first technique);(8) use of various bailout strategies(e.g., subtotal cholecystectomy) in difficult gallbladder cases;(9) use of intraoperative imaging techniques(e.g., intraoperative cholangiogram) to ascertain correct anatomy; and(10) understanding the concept of *** should be facile with these aspects of this culture of safety in cholecystectomy in an attempt to reduce the incidence of biliary/vascular injury during LC.

关键词： Bile leak Bile duct injury Cholecystectomy Cholelithiasis Cholecystitis

Comparative analysis of metabolic network of pathogens

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Frontiers in Biology 2017年第2期12卷 139-150页

作者： Kumar gaurav Yasha Hasija Department of Biotechnology Delhi Technological University Delhi - 110042 India

BACKGROUND： Metabolic networks are complex and system of highly connected chemical reactions and hence it needs a system level computational approach to identify the genotype- phenotype relationship. The study of essential genes and reactions and synthetic lethality of genes and reactions plays a crucial role in explaining functional links between genes and gene function predictions. METHODS： Flux balance analysis （FBA） has been developed as a powerful method for the in silico analyses of metabolic networks. In this study, we present the comparative analysis of the genomic scale metabolic networks of the four microorganisms i.e. Salmonella typhimurium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Helicobacter pylori. The fluxes of all reaction were obtained and the growth rate of the organism was calculated by setting the biomass reaction as the objective function. RESULTS ＆ CONCLUSIONS： The average lethality fraction of all the four organisms studied ranged from 0.2 to 0.6. It was also observed that there are very few metabolites which are highly connected. Those metabolites that are highly connected are supposed to be the ‘global players＇ similar to the hub protein in the protein - protein interaction network.

关键词： essential genes synthetic lethal genes metabolite connectivity robustness analysis

An account of critical regionalism in diverse building types in postcolonial Indian architecture

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2018年第4期7卷 473-496页

作者： Sanyam Bahsa gaurav Raheja Department of Architecture and Planning Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee Uttarakhand 247667India

Critical regionalism is an architectural concept that seeks to balance local needs and capabilities with the progressive lessons of modernisation. Critical regionalism has been an influential architectural approach in postcolonial Indian architecture. Even before the term was coined in the 1980s, architects in India had subconsciously begun pursuing the ideas of critical regionalism in designing their buildings. The degree of influence of critical regionalism on postcolonial Indian architecture has varied over the course of time as a result of economic, political and social changes. This paper identifies key architectural projects realised in India since 1947 that adhere to the ideas and principles of critical regionalism. The identified regionalist projects have been categorised according to their building programmes and significant examples in each building type are discussed chronologically while bringing forth their qualities that make them regionalist in first place. By focussing on regionalist projects of significance in each building type, the paper highlights that critical regionalism is capable of producing potent architecture to cater to any building programme. (C) 2018 Higher Education Press Limited Company. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi.

关键词： Critical regionalism Postcolonial architecture Indian architecture

Spectrum of Primary Glomerular Diseases in Patients Presenting with Urinary Abnormalities

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2022年第4期12卷 451-459页

作者： gaurav Vohra Kumar anand Shrutiraaj Himani Dalal Gurjeet Singh Chowdhary Army Command Hospital Chandimandir India Medicine Army Hospital YOL India

Introduction: Primary Glomerular Diseases are a spectrum of renal disorders of unknown aetiology with distinct characteristics, specific natural history and prognosis. A thorough evaluation is prerequisite to establish the diagnosis since many systemic diseases and secondary aetiology masquerade as primary diseases. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care centre and included 30 patients, with clinical features suggestive of primary glomerular diseases, of which 23 patients (76.6%) were males and 07 patients (23.33%) were females. The mean age at presentation was 37.23 ± 12.89 years. Among the observed spectrum of Primary Glomerular Diseases, IgA Nephropathy (IgA N) was seen in 26.67% patients, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 20% patients and Membranous Glomerulopathy (MGN) in 13.33% patients, whereas the incidence of other abnormalities had less percentage contribution. Proteinuria was the commonest presentation seen in 60% patients, followed by Microscopic Haematuria in 20%. Mean Serum Creatinine was 0.99 ± 0.16 mg/dl. Mean Serum Albumin was 2.51 ± 0.76 gm/dl. Overall Nephrotic range proteinuria was observed in 15 (50%) patients. Results: IgA N, FSGS & MGN were the commonest observed Primary Glomerular Diseases. Proteinuria, Haematuria, Anasarca and Pedal Oedema were the commonest observed clinical presentations. Conclusions: In this studied series IgA Nephropathy, FSGS and MGN were the most prevelant diagnoses in the patients presenting with Urinary Abnormality. Nephrotic range Protenuria was the major indication for biopsy, there is a temporal variation in glomerulopathies wherein there is increase in incidence of IgA Nephropathy and decrease in incidence of FSGS.

关键词： Protenuria Primary Glomerular Disease IgA Nephropathy Creatinine

Legumes from the Paleocene sediments of India and their ecological significance

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Plant Diversity 2023年第2期45卷 199-210页

作者： Harshita Bhatia gaurav Srivastava R.C.Mehrotra Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences 53 University RoadLucknow 226007India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002India

During the early Paleogene,greenhouse gases created warm global *** warm climates redistributed the habitat of marine and terrestrial biota *** the ecology of biotas under extremely warm climates is important to decipher their behavior in future climate *** we report two new legume fossils(Leguminocarpum meghalayensis Bhatia,Srivastava et Mehrotra ***.,and Parvileguminophyllum damalgiriensis Bhatia,Srivastava et Mehrotra ***.) from the late Paleocene sediments of Tura Formation of Meghalaya,northeast ***,the Paleocene legume fossil records indicate that legumes most likely immigrated to India from Africa via the Ladakh-Kohistan Arc during the early ***,previously reconstructed climate data from the Tura Formation indicate that legumes were well adapted to a warm seasonal climate with monsoon rains.

关键词： Fabaceae Global warming Fruits Damalgiri Tura Rhynchosia

Stability analysis of Compound TCP with Adaptive Virtual Queues

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Stability analysis of Compound TCP with Adaptive Virtual Que...