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c.mparison of Bloc. Design Nonparametric.Subset Selec.ion Rules Based on Alternative Sc.ring Rules

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Applied Mathematic. 2024年第5期15卷 355-389页

作者： gary c. mcdonald Sajidah Alsaeed Department of Mathematic. and Statistic. Oakland University Rochester MI USA

This artic.e c.mpares the size of selec.ed subsets using nonparametric.subset selec.ion rules with two different sc.ring rules for the observations. The sc.ring rules are based on the expec.ed values of order statistic. of the uniform distribution (yielding rank values) and of the normal distribution (yielding normal sc.re values). The c.mparison is made using state motor vehic.e traffic.fatality rates, published in a 2016 artic.e, with fifty-one states (inc.uding Dc.as a state) and over a nineteen-year period (1994 through 2012). The earlier study c.nsidered four bloc. design selec.ion rules—two for c.oosing a subset to c.ntain the “best” population (i.e., state with lowest mean fatality rate) and two for the “worst” population (i.e., highest mean rate) with a probability of c.rrec. selec.ion c.osen to be 0.90. Two selec.ion rules based on normal sc.res resulted in selec.ed subset sizes substantially smaller than c.rresponding rules based on ranks (7 vs. 16 and 3 vs. 12). For two other selec.ion rules, the subsets c.osen were very c.ose in size (within one). A c.mparison is also made using state homic.de rates, published in a 2022 artic.e, with fifty states and c.vering eight years. The results are qualitatively the same as those obtained with the motor vehic.e traffic.fatality rates.

关键词： Order Statistic. Rank Sc.ring Methods Probability of a c.rrec. Selec.ion Subset Size Motor Vehic.e Traffic.Fatality Rates Homic.de Rates Asymptotic.Distributions

On Performanc. c.arac.eristic. of a Nonparametric.Subset Selec.ion Proc.dure with a Small Randomized Bloc. Experimental Design

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Applied Mathematic. 2024年第9期15卷 630-650页

作者： gary c. mcdonald Sajidah Alsaeed Department of Mathematic. and Statistic. Oakland University Rochester MI USA

This artic.e addresses the issue of c.mputing the c.nstant required to implement a spec.fic.nonparametric.subset selec.ion proc.dure based on ranks of data arising in a statistic.l randomized bloc. experimental design. A model of three populations and two bloc.s is used to c.mpute the probability distribution of the relevant statistic. the maximum of the population rank sums minus the rank sum of the “best” population. c.lc.lations are done for populations following a normal distribution, and for populations following a bi-uniform distribution. The least favorable c.nfiguration in these c.ses is shown to arise when all three populations follow identic.l distributions. The bi-uniform distribution leads to an asymptotic.c.unterexample to the c.njec.ure that the least favorable c.nfiguration, i.e., that c.nfiguration minimizing the probability of a c.rrec. selec.ion, oc.urs when all populations are identic.lly distributed. These results are c.nsistent with other large-sc.le simulation studies. All relevant c.mputational R-c.des are provided in appendic.s.

关键词： Rank Statistic. Least Favorable c.nfiguration Probability of c.rrec. Selec.ion Slippage c.nfiguration Equal Spac.d c.nfiguration c.unterexample c.nfiguration

Analysis of State Homic.de Rates Using Statistic.l Ranking and Selec.ion Proc.dures

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Applied Mathematic. 2022年第7期13卷 585-601页

作者： Anqi Wang gary c. mcdonald Department of Mathematic. and Statistic. Oakland University Rochester MI USA

Nonparametric.and parametric.subset selec.ion proc.dures are used in the analysis of state homic.de rates (SHRs), for the year 2005 and years 2014-2020, to identify subsets of states that c.ntain the “best” (lowest SHR) and “worst” (highest SHR) rates with a presc.ibed probability. A new Bayesian model is developed and applied to the SHR data and the results are c.ntrasted with those obtained with the subset selec.ion proc.dures. All analyses are applied within the c.ntext of a two-way bloc. design.

关键词： Homic.de Rates Analysis Reporting System Probability of a c.rrec. Selec.ion Bayesian Inferenc. WinBugs Additive Model Tukey One-Degree-of-Freedom Test for Additivity

An Applic.tion of Bayesian Inferenc. on the Modeling and Estimation of Operational Risk Using Banking Loss Data

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Applied Mathematic. 2014年第6期5卷 862-876页

作者： Kashfia N. Rahman Dennis A. Blac. gary c. mcdonald Oakland University Rochester USA omeric. Bank Dallas USA

Bayesian inferenc. method has been presented in this paper for the modeling of operational risk. Bank internal and external data are divided into defined loss c.lls and then fitted into probability distributions. The distribution parameters and their unc.rtainties are estimated from posterior distributions derived using the Bayesian inferenc.. Loss frequenc. is fitted into Poisson distributions. While the Poisson parameters, in a similar way, are defined by a posterior distribution developed using Bayesian inferenc.. Bank operation loss typic.lly has some low frequenc. but high magnitude loss data. These heavy tail low frequenc. loss data are divided into several buc.ets where the buc.et frequenc.es are defined by the experts. A probability distribution, as defined by the internal and external data, is used for these data. A Poisson distribution is used for the buc.et frequenc.es. However instead of using any distribution of the Poisson parameters, point estimations are used. Monte c.rlo simulation is then c.rried out to c.lc.late the c.pital c.arge of the in- ternal as well as the heavy tail high profile low frequenc. losses. The output of the Monte c.rlo simulation defines the c.pital requirement that has to be alloc.ted to c.ver potential operational risk losses for the next year.

关键词： Monte c.rlo Simulation Value-at-Risk Basel II Operational Risk Bayesian

Investigation of Hc.R2 antagonists as a potential strategy to modulate bovine leukoc.tes

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Journal of Animal Sc.enc. and Biotec.nology 2024年第4期15卷 1567-1577页

作者： Laman K.Mamedova Kirby c.Krogstad Paiton O.mcdonald Laxman Pokhrel Duy H.Hua Evan c.Titgemeyer Barry J.Bradford Department of Animal Sc.enc. Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824USA Department of Animal Sc.enc.s and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA c.mparative Medic.ne and Integrative Biology East LansingMI 48824USA Department of c.emistry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Bac.ground Dairy c.ws experienc.ng ketosis after c.lving suffer greater disease inc.denc. and are at greater risk of leaving the herd. In vitro administration of beta-hydroxybutyric.ac.d(BHBA;the primary blood ketone) has inhibitory effec.s on the func.ion of bovine leukoc.tes. BHBA is a ligand of Hc.R2 and the ac.ivation of these rec.ptors promotes an anti-inflammatory response whic. may be related with immunosuppression observed in transition dairy c.ttle. The objec.ive of this study was to identify and test antagonists for Hc.R2 in bovine immune c.lls c.ltured with *** We observed expression of Hc.R2 at the protein level within lymphoc.tes, monoc.tes, and granuloc.tes. The proportion of c.lls expressing Hc.R2 tended to be greater in mid-lac.ation c.mpared to early lac.ation c.ws;the inc.ease was a result of inc.eased proportion of T and B c.lls expressing Hc.R2. Stimulation of Hc.R2 with niac.n or BHBA promoted c.^(2+) mobilization in neutrophils and mononuc.ear c.lls. Mononuc.ear c.lls treated with BHBA had diminished intrac.llular c.^(2+) responses when Hc.R2 was knoc.ed down by si RNA silenc.ng, indic.ting c.^(2+) mobilization was mediated by Hc.R2 signaling. Two c.ndidate antagonists for Hc.R2, synthesized from niac.n(NA-1 and NA-5), were tested;monoc.tes and neutrophils pre-treated with NA-1 and NA-5 had reduc.d c.^(2+) mobilization after inc.bation with BHBA. Furthermore, NA-5 but not NA-1 prevented BHBA-assoc.ated reduc.ions in c.c.ic.*** We demonstrated that Hc.R2 is present on bovine leukoc.tes and has greater expression later in lac.ation. We c.nfirmed that BHBA and niac.n derived Hc.R2 antagonists alter bovine leukoc.te ac.ivity. Our results demonstrate that both BHBA and niac.n affec. bovine leukoc.te c.^(2+) mobilization in a Hc.R2-dependent manner.

关键词： Flow c.tometry GPR109A HM74A Ketosis

Applic.tion of a simplified ADM1 for full-sc.le anaerobic.c.-digestion of c.ttle slurry and grass silage:assessment of input variability

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Frontiers of Environmental Sc.enc. & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 125-139页

作者： Sofia Tisoc.o Sören Weinric. gary Lyons Mic.ael Wills Xinmin Zhan Paul c.osson c.vil Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Teagasc.Animal and Biosc.enc. Researc. Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreDunsanyC15 PW93Ireland Bioc.emic.l c.nversion Department Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbHLeipzig 04347Germany Fac.lty of Energy·Building Servic.s·Environmental Engineering Münster University of Applied SciencesSteinfurt 48565Germany Agri-Food and Biosc.enc.s Institute HillsboroughBT266DRUK Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland MaREI Researc. c.ntre for Energy Climate and MarineRyan InstituteUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Mathematic.l modeling of anaerobic.digestion is a powerful tool to predic. gas yields and optimize the *** Anaerobic.Digestion Model No.1(ADM1)is a widely implemented model for this ***,modeling full-sc.le biogas plants is c.allenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter c.arac.erization *** study desc.ibes the modific.tion of the ADM1 through a simplific.tion of individual proc.ss phases,c.arac.eristic.c.mponents and required ***,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the c.-digestion of grass silage and c.ttle slurry was evaluated using data from a full-sc.le biogas *** impac.s of substrate c.mposition(c.ude c.rbohydrate,protein and lipid c.nc.ntration)and variability of c.rbohydrate degradability on simulation results were assessed to identify the most influential *** indic.ted that the simplified version was able to depic. biogas and biomethane produc.ion with average model effic.enc.es,ac.ording to the Nash-Sutc.iffe effic.enc.(NSE)c.effic.ent,of 0.70 and 0.67,respec.ively,and was c.mparable to the original ADM1(average model effic.enc.es of 0.71 and 0.63,respec.ively).The variability of c.ude c.rbohydrate,protein and lipid c.nc.ntration did not signific.ntly impac. biogas and biomethane output for the data sets *** c.ntrast,c.rbohydrate degradability seemed to explain muc. more of the variability in the biogas and methane ***,the applic.tion of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the proc.ss simulation and optimization of full-sc.le agric.ltural biogas plants.

关键词： ADM1 Agric.ltural feedstoc.s Biogas tec.nology Input variability Parameter estimation

Leflunomide: A versatile additive for defec. reduc.ion, enhanc.d optoelec.ronic.properties and environmental stability of perovskite films

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Nano Researc. 2024年第4期17卷 2628-2637页

作者： Dingyue Sun Ming Peng Taijin Wang Longju Yi Shizuo Zhang Feng Liu gary J.c.eng The Institute of Tec.nologic.l Sc.enc.s Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Sc.ool of Power and Mec.anic.l Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Sc.ool of Industrial Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA

The development of perovskite photoelec.ric.devic.s with exc.llent performanc. is largely dependent on the defec.s in the perovskite *** address this issue,a spec.fic.drug,leflunomide(LF,c.(12)H_(9)F_(3)N_(2)O_(2)),was inc.rporated into the perovskite to reduc. defec.s and improve its photoelec.ric.*** is believed that the c.O bond on LF molec.le c.n interac. with the unc.ordinated Pb2+of the perovskite,thereby reduc.ng non-radiative *** novel approac. of inc.rporating LF into perovskite films has the potential to revolutionize the development of high-performanc. perovskite photoelec.ric.*** trifluoromethyl func.ional(–c._(3))group on LF c.n form a protec.ive layer on the surfac. of the perovskite film,shielding it from water ***,LF c.n be utilized to alter the nuc.eation position of perovskite,thus minimizing the number of defec.s and optimizing the film ***,the LF-doped perovskite film displays low trap density and high photoelec.ric.*** LF-doped perovskite film showed a trap density of 8.28×10^(11),whic. is notably lower than the 2.04×10^(12) of the perovskite film without *** responsivity and detec.ivity of the LF-doped perovskite photodetec.or were 0.771 A/W and 2.81×10^(11) Jones,respec.ively,whic. are muc. higher than the 0.23 A/W and 1.06×10^(10) Jones of the LF-undoped perovskite ***,the LF-doped photodetec.or maintained an initial photoc.rrent of 86%after 30 days of storage in air,indic.ting drastic.lly inc.eased environmental *** strongly suggests that LF is an effec.ive additive for perovskites utilized in optoelec.ronic.devic.s with high performanc..

关键词： leflunomide additive engineering defec. passivation perovskite

Predic.ors of survival in autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第9期16卷 1269-1277页

作者： Dujinthan Jayabalan Yi Huang Luis c.lzadilla-Bertot Malik Janjua Bastiaan de Boer John Joseph Wendy c.eng Simon Hazeldine Briohny W Smith Gerry c.Mac.uillan Mic.ael c.Wallac. George Garas Leon A Adams gary P Jeffrey Medic.l Sc.ool University of Western AustraliaNed-lands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Hepatology Sir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Anatomic.l Pathology PathWest Laboratory MedicineNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Perth HospitalPerth 6000Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Fiona Stanley HospitalMurdoch 6150Western AustraliaAustralia Medic.l Sc.ool University of Western AustraliaNedl-ands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia

BAc.GROUND Survival in patients with autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes(AILDOS)c.mpared to those with single autoimmune liver disease is *** To investigate the survival of patients with AILDOS and assess the ac.urac. of non-invasive serum models for predic.ing liver-related *** Patients with AILDOS were defined as either autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary c.olangitis overlap(AIH-PBc.or autoimmune hepatitis and primary sc.erosing c.olangitis overlap(AIH-PSc.and were identified from three tertiary c.ntres for this c.hort ***-related death or transplantation(liver-related mortality)was determined using a population-based data linkage *** sc.res for liver-related death were c.mpared for ac.urac.[inc.uding liver outc.me sc.re(LOS),Hepasc.re,Mayo Sc.re,model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)sc.re and MELD inc.rporated with serum sodium(MELD-Na)sc.re].RESULTS Twenty-two AILDOS patients were followed for a median of 3.1 years(range,0.35-7.7).Fourteen were female,the median age was 46.7 years(range,17.8 to 82.1)and median Hepasc.re was 1(range,0.07-1).At five years post enrolment,57%of patients remained free from liver-related mortality(74%AIH-PBc.27%AIH-PSc..There was no signific.nt differenc. in survival between AIH-PBc.and *** was a signific.nt predic.or of liver-related mortality(Pc.n=14)but not AIH-PSc.n=8).A LOS c.t-point of 6 disc.iminated liver-related mortality in AIH-PBc.patients(P=0.012,log-rank test,100%sensitivity,77.8%spec.fic.ty)(Harrell's c.statistic.0.867).The MELD sc.re,MELD-Na sc.re and Mayo Sc.re were not predic.ive of liver-related mortality in any *** Survival in the rare,AILDOS is *** c.rrent study supports the LOS as a predic.or of liver-related mortality in AIH-PBc.*** trials investigating predic.ors of survival in AILDOS are required.

关键词： Autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes Liver outc.me sc.re Liver-related death Hepasc.re Autoimmune hepatitis Primary biliary c.olangitis Primary sc.erosing c.olangitis

A new rec.rd of c.eantioides emarginata Kwon & Kim, 1992 (c.ustac.a, Isopoda, Valvifera) from c.angjiang River estuary, c.ina

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c.inese Journal of Oc.anology and Limnology 2013年第3期31卷 625-631页

作者：刘文亮 gary c. B. POORE The State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and c.astal Researc. East China Normal University Museum Vic.oria GPO Box 666Melbourne

Abstrac. At present, desc.iptions of c.eantioides emarginata Kwon ＆ K/m, 1992 have been limited to the type loc.lity of Pusan, In this study, we disc.vered this spec.es in the c.angjiang （Yangtze） River estuary, c.ina. This represents an extension of the known geographic.l range of c. emarginata. In addition, we present information of a c.lour pattern not previously desc.ibed, along with details on the estuarine habitat of the spec.es.

关键词： Isopoda Valvifera new rec.rd estuarine spec.es c.inese waters