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Development of a low-frequency magnetic lightning mapping system(LFM-LMS)in North China:validation and preliminary results

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第4期7卷 460-470页

作者： Xiao Li gaopeng lu FanChao Lyu HongBo Zhang Kainat Qamar RuBin Jiang School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric SciencesNanjing 210000China Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

A low-frequency magnetic lightning mapping system(LFM-LMS)was built during the SHAndong Triggered Lightning Experiment(SHATLE),based on continuous measurements of magnetic field radiation from *** hardware and source-mapping techniques used by the LFM-LMS were introduced;both Monte Carlo simulations and the observation of rocket-triggered lightning examples were employed to examine the location accuracy and detection effectiveness of the *** estimated that the system’s location accuracy about 100−200 m horizontally and~200 m vertically.A natural intra-cloud lightning flash and a rocket-triggered lightning flash,both with intricate structures and discharging processes,were examined using the three-dimensional mapping *** progressing path of negative lightning leaders is usually well-defined,and its propagation speed is estimated to be(0.5−1.4)×10^(6)m/*** summary,the LFM-LMS can reconstruct the three-dimensional morphology of lightning flashes;this technology provides a efficient method for investigating the characteristics of lightning development,as well as the overall electrical strucuture of thunderstorms.

关键词： rocket-triggered lightning low-frequency magnetic field lightning mapping observation location accuracy

A comparative study of the electrical characteristics of positive and negative narrow bipolar events

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第6期7卷 675-683页

作者： FeiFan Liu BaoYou Zhu HeLin Zhou gaopeng lu Ming Ma JiuHou Lei CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Hefei 230026China Provinn AB GothenburgSweden Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China

Narrow bipolar events(NBEs)are intriguing intra-cloud discharge that have attracted enormous interest in the lightning *** come with two polarities that dominate at different altitudes in *** sources of negative NBEs are usually located near the top of thunderclouds;those of positive NBEs are at the middle *** may occur at the onset of *** electrical properties of NBEs remain poorly *** present here the first comparative study of the electrical characteristics of negative and positive *** derive electrical parameters from the fast electric field change waveforms of 1673 positive NBEs and 364 negative NBEs recorded by the Jianghuai Area Sferic Array(JASA)in China,we use an improved method based on the transmission line *** approach concludes that negative NBEs occurring at high altitudes tend to produce a narrower current pulse and take a shorter time to traverse the channel than their positive ***,compared to positive NBEs,a larger portion of negative NBEs are associated with slightly greater peak current moments but smaller overall charge *** differences reported herein between electrical properties of negative and positive NBEs suggest that charge distribution in NBE-producing thunderstorms tends to vary systematically with altitude.

关键词： lightning thunderstorm narrow bipolar events

Recent observations and research progresses of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes during thunderstorms

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第3期66卷 435-455页

作者： Fanchao LYU Yijun ZHANG gaopeng lu Baoyou ZHU Hongbo ZHANG Wei XU Shaolin XIONG Weitao LYU Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric SciencesNanjing 210041China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200441China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100081China Electronic Information School Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100081China

Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes(TGFs)are high-energy emissions in thunderstorms that were discovered first by satellite-based and then by ground-based gamma-ray detectors with photon energy up to tens of Me *** are a natural highenergy phenomenon associated with lightning discharges that frequently occur during ***,their production mechanisms and associated processes are still *** studies have already been a research spotlight in the atmospheric electricity and high-energy atmosphere research *** this paper,we review recent research progresses on TGF studies in the past decade,including TGF detection,the relationship between TGFs and lightning processes,and thunderstorm *** unsolved important scientific questions are *** suggest that upward TGFs observed by satellite-based detectors are closely connected with the development of in-cloud upward negative *** are usually generated in milliseconds of the initiation of upward negative leaders and may produce a kind of distinct radio emissions because of the generation and propagation of huge amounts of high-energy *** contrast,its counterpart,i.e.,downward TGFs observed by ground-based gamma-ray detectors,is associated with different types of lightning processes,such as downward negative or upward positive leaders,the initial continuing current stage of rocket-triggered lightning flashes return stroke *** of limited observations,how these downward TGFs are generated is still *** from the development of state-of-the-art instruments with high temporal and spatial resolutions,new insights into the processes and mechanisms of TGFs will be achieved with coordinated observations from satellite-based and ground-based measurements.

关键词： Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes(TGFs) Lightning Thunderstorm High-energy emissions Radio emission detection

闪电资料同化对河南郑州“7.20”特大暴雨预报的影响

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热带气象学报 2024年第1期40卷 136-145页

作者：庞盈胡俊俊陈生陆高鹏吴翀韦春霞黄朝盈珠澳气象创新与应用研究中心广东珠海519000 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院那曲高寒气候环境观测研究站西藏那曲852000 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院甘肃省遥感重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 中国科学技术大学地球与空间科学学院安徽合肥230026 中国气象科学研究院北京100081 广西壮族自治区气象科学研究所广西南宁530022 东莞市气象局广东东莞523086

研究了闪电资料同化对2021年7月20日河南郑州特大暴雨短临预报的影响。利用天气研究与预报(WRF)模式的三维变分(3DVAR)数据同化系统(WRFDA),开展了两组循环同化试验:(1)同化地面和探空常规观测资料(包括风速、风向、温度和气压)的试验(C... 详细信息

研究了闪电资料同化对2021年7月20日河南郑州特大暴雨短临预报的影响。利用天气研究与预报(WRF)模式的三维变分(3DVAR)数据同化系统(WRFDA),开展了两组循环同化试验:(1)同化地面和探空常规观测资料(包括风速、风向、温度和气压)的试验(CONV);(2)同化常规观测资料和由闪电资料反演的伪相对湿度的试验(LGDA),并与无资料同化的试验(NoDA)进行对比。结果表明,CONV的分析场和NoDA都未能模拟出强对流系统的回波结构,但由于LGDA增加了对整层大气的湿度场的调整,其分析场在闪电发生位置处的水凝物增量较大,相对湿度和反射率的分布情况与中国全球大气再分析资料(CRA)及雷达反射率观测值最接近。降水预报方面,LGDA显著提高了大暴雨雨带(6 h累积降水量≥50 mm)和强降水中心(6 h累积降水量≥200 mm)位置和强度的预报效果,对本次强降水过程的预报起到了积极作用,尤其是对前3 h的降水预报。

关键词：闪电资料同化河南特大暴雨三维变分同化

Automatic recognition of tweek atmospherics and plasma diagnostics in the lower ionosphere with the machine learning method

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第3期7卷 407-413页

作者： Mao Zhang gaopeng lu HaiLiang Huang ZhengWei Cheng YaZhou Chen Steven A.Cummer JiaYi Zheng JiuHou Lei School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment Effects Army Engineering UniversityShijiazhuang CampusShijiazhuang 050003China Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

Tweek atmospherics are extremely low frequency and very low frequency pulse signals with frequency dispersion characteristics that originate from lightning discharges and that propagate in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide over long *** this study,we developed an automatic method to recognize tweek atmospherics and diagnose the lower ionosphere based on the machine learning *** differences(automatic−manual)in each ionosphere parameter between the automatic method and the manual method were−0.07±2.73 km,0.03±0.92 cm^(−3),and 91±1,068 km for the ionospheric reflection height(h),equivalent electron densities at reflection heights(Ne),and propagation distance(d),***,the automatic method is capable of recognizing higher harmonic tweek *** evaluation results of the model suggest that the automatic method is a powerful tool for investigating the long-term variations in the lower ionosphere.

关键词： machine learning method tweek atmospherics reflection height D-region ionosphere

Analysis of a Mesoscale Convective System that Produced a Single Sprite

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第2期34卷 258-271页

作者： Jing YANG gaopeng lu Ningyu LIU Haihua CU Yu WANG Morris COHEN Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Geospace Physics Laboratory Physics and Space Sciences DepartmentFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFL 32901USA Hebei Province meteorological Bureau Shijiazhuang 050000China State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Wuhan 430074China School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Sprites are brief optical emissions occurring above thunderstorms. Features of sprites and their parent thunderstorms and lightning activities have been studied by many researchers. Here, we report a single sprite recorded over a mesoscale convective system during its life cycle in Northeast China. The results show that the sprite might have been a dancing one, with a 20 km horizontal displacement from its parent cloud-to-ground flash （CG） and a 38 ms time delay; all the sprite elements occurred during the continuing current process of the parent flash. The peak current of the parent CG was the largest during the almost one-hour time window containing the sprite, and the absolute values of all the negative flashes were smaller than 100 kA during the same time period and did not produce sprite. The sprite did not occur during the time period in which the maximum area of the thunderstorm reached. The occurrence of sprite corresponded well with the decay of the thunderstorm convection, and no significant relationship between the occurrence of sprite and the increase in the 30-35 dBZ and 35-40 dBZ interval was found. The large wind gradient in the 8-12 km region of the thunderstorm may have played an important role in the sprite production.

关键词： sprite mesoscale convective system Doppler radar lightning magnetic field

A Review of Atmospheric Electricity Research in China from 2019 to 2022

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第8期40卷 1457-1484页

作者： Weitao LYU Dong ZHENG Yang ZHANG Wen YAO Rubin JIANG Shanfeng YUAN Dongxia LIU Fanchao LYU Baoyou ZHU gaopeng lu Qilin ZHANG Yongbo TAN Xuejuan WANG Yakun LIU Shaodong CHEN Lyuwen CHEN Qingyong LI Yijun ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric SciencesNanjing 210041China Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationGuangzhou 510641China Beijing Key Lab of Transportation Data Analysis and Mining Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Atmospheric electricity is composed of a series of electric phenomena in the *** advances in atmospheric electricity research conducted in China have been achieved in recent *** this paper,the research progress on atmospheric electricity achieved in China during 2019-22 is reviewed focusing on the following aspects:(1)lightning detection and location techniques,(2)thunderstorm electricity,(3)lightning forecasting methods and techniques,(4)physical processes of lightning discharge,(5)high energy emissions and effects of thunderstorms on the upper atmosphere,and(6)the effect of aerosol on lightning.

关键词： atmospheric electricity thunderstorm lightning lightning detection lightning physics

Locating Parent Lightning Strokes of Sprites Observed over a Mesoscale Convective System in Shandong Province,China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第11期35卷 1396-1414页

作者： Anjing HUANG gaopeng lu Hongbo ZHANG Feifan LIU Yanfeng FAN Baoyou ZHU Jing YANG Zhichao WANG Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation(LAGEO) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Atmospheric Observation Center of Beijing Meteorological Bureau Beijing 100031China

In this paper, we report the location results for the parent lightning strokes of more than 30 red sprites observed over an asymmetric mesoscale convective system(MCS) on 30 July 2015 in Shandong Province, China, with a long-baseline lightning location network of very-low-frequency/low-frequency magnetic field sensors. The results show that almost all of these cloud-to-ground(CG) strokes are produced during the mature stage of the MCS, and are predominantly located in the trailing stratiform region, which is similar to analyses of sprite-productive MCSs in North America and Europe. Comparison between the location results for the sprite-producing CG strokes and those provided by the World Wide Lightning Location Network(WWLLN) indicates that the location accuracy of WWLLN for intense CG strokes in Shandong Province is typically within 10 km, which is consistent with the result based on analysis of 2838 sprite-producing CG strokes in the continental United States. Also, we analyze two cases where some minor lightning discharges in the parent flash of sprites can also be located, providing an approach to confine the thundercloud region tapped by the sprite-producing CG strokes.

关键词： red sprites positive cloud-to-ground strokes(+CGs) mesoscale convective system(MCS)

Advances in the Researches of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere in China in 2020-2022

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空间科学学报 2022年第4期42卷 684-711页

作者： CHEN Zeyu XU Jiyao CHEN Hongbin CHEN Wen REN Rongcai HU Xiong ZHU Yajun XUE Xianghui lu gaopeng ZHANG Shaodong HUANG Kaiming TIAN Wenshou ZHANG Jiankai HU Dingzhu RAO Jian HU Yongyun XIA Yan Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 School of Earth and Space Sciences University Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026 School of Electronic Information Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072 College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000 Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031 University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049

This report reviews the researches for the middle and upper atmosphere in 2020-2022 by Chinese *** report consists of five parts introducing primarily the results from the aspects of the development of infrastructure,the structure and composition,the climate and modeling,the dynamics for the middle and upper atmosphere,and Coupling between Stratosphere and Troposphere,respectively.

关键词： Middle and upper atmosphere Structure and composition Climate Dynamics