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Second-line therapy for gemcitabine-pretreated advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第12期18卷 1357-1364页

作者： Romain Altwegg Marc Ychou Vanessa Guillaumon Simon Thezenas pierre Senesse Nicolas Flori Thibault Mazard Ludovic Caillo Stéphanie Faure Emmanuelle Samalin eric Assenat the Oncology and Digestive Endoscopy Department of the CRLC Val d'Aurelle 34000 MontpellierFrance

AIM： To investigate second-line chemotherapy in gemcitabine-pretreated patients with advanced or metastat- ic pancreatic cancer [（frequency, response, outcome, course of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 （CA 19-9）].METHODS： This retrospective study included all patients with advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer （adenocarcinoma or carcinoma） treated with secondline chemotherapy in our center between 2000 and 2008. All patients received first-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine, and prior surgery or radiotherapy was permitted. We analyzed each chemotherapy protocol for second-line treatment, the number of cycles and the type of combination used. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, response rate, grade 3-4 toxicity, dosage modifications and CA 19-9 course.a second-line therapy among 206 patients who had initially received first-line treatment with a gemcitabi- ne-based regimen. Median number of cycles was 4 （range： 1-12） and the median duration of treatment was 2.6 mo （range： 0.3-7.4）. The overall disease control rate was 40.0%. The median overall survival and progression-free survival from the start of second-line therapy were 5.8 （95% CI： 4.1-6.6） and 3.4 mo （95% CI： 2.4-4.2）, respectively. Toxicity was generally acceptable. Median overall survival of patients with a CA 19-9 level declining by more than 20% was 10.3 mo （95% CI： 4.5-11.6） vs 5.2 mo （95% CI： 4.0-6.4） for others （P = 0.008）.CONCLUSION： A large proportion of patients could benefit from second-line therapy, and CA 19-9 allows efficient treatment monitoring both in first and secondline chemotherapy.

关键词： Second-line Chemotherapy Pancreatic can-cer Gemcitabine Carbohydrate antigen 19-9

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Fault-Plane Solution of the Earthquake of 19 March 2005 in Monatele (Cameroon)

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Open Journal of Geology 2014年第6期4卷 289-293页

作者： eric N. Ndikum Charles T. Tabod Alain-pierre K. Tokam Bernard Z. Essimbi Department of Physics University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon

An earthquake of magnitude Ml = 3.04 was detected on the 19 of March 2005 at 11:49:18.31 (local time) by seven broadband seismometers located around Cameroon (Central Africa). Its epicenter has been relocated and found to be in Monatele (Cameroon) with latitude 4°26.34' and longitude 10°59.62'. The fault-plane solution calculated using double couple fault-plane solutions based on P-wave polarity readings, also taking into consideration the dextral nature of the Sanaga Fault (SF) underlying this region of the epicenter, is a strike-slip fault with a normal faulting component. The beach ball representation of this fault-plane solution has strike, dip and rake values of 289, 70, -169 for the principal fault plane and 195, 80, -20 for the auxiliary fault plane.

关键词： Earthquake Monatele Epicenter Fault Plane Solution Strike-Slip Fault Normal Faulting Component

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Elaboration and Characterization of Composite Materials Reinforced by Papaya Trunk Fibers (<i>Carica papaya</i>) and Particles of the Hulls of the Kernels of the Winged Fruits (<i>Canarium schweinfurthii</i>) with Polyester Matrix

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2020年第5期8卷 341-352页

作者： Ze eric Parfait Noah pierre Marcel Nnomo Elobi Didine Nfor Clins Wiryikfu Betene Ebanda Fabien Ngahiyi Abbé Claude Valery Atangana Ateba Local Materials Promotion Authority Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Mechanical Engineering Higher Technical Teacher Training College Douala University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Industrial Construction Technology National Advanced School of Engineering of Douala University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Department of Mechanical Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering Yaoundé University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Mechanical Laboratory Higher Technical Teacher Training College Douala University of Douala Douala Cameroon

In this work we determine the physical and mechanical properties of local composites reinforced with papaya trunk fibers (FTP) on one hand and particles of the hulls of the kernels of the garlic (PCNFA) in the other hand. The samples are produced according to BSI 2782 standards;by combining fibers and untreated to polyester matrix following the contact molding method. We notice that the long fibers of papaya trunks improve the tensile/compression characteristics of composites by 45.44% compared to pure polyester;while the short fibers improve the flexural strength of composites by 62.30% compared to pure polyester. Furthermore, adding fibers decreases the density of the final composite material and the rate of water absorption increases with the size of the fibers. As regards composite materials with particle reinforcement from the cores of the winged fruits, the particle size (fine ≤ 800 μm and large ≤ 1.6 mm) has no influence on the Young’s modulus and on the rate of water absorption. On the other hand, fine particles improve the flexural strength of composite materials by 53.08% compared to pure polyester;fine particles increase the density by 19% compared to the density of pure polyester.

关键词： Physical and Mechanical Characterization Composite Fibers Papaya Tree Trunk Particles Shells Kernels Garlic Fruits

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An Automatic Optimization Technique for the Calibration of a Physically Based Hydrological Rainfall-Runoff Model

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第3期9卷 1-20页

作者： Zohou pierre Jérôme Alamou Adéchina eric Obada Ezéchiel Biao Iboukoun Eliézer Eugène C. Ezin Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Bénin Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Informatiques et Applications (LRSIA) UAC Abomey-Calavi Bénin Laboratoire d’Hydrologie Appliquée (LHA) UAC Abomey-Calavi Bénin Université Nationale des Sciences Technologies Ingénierie et Mathématiques (UNSTIM) Abomey Bénin

Models are tools widely used in the prediction of hydrological phenomena. The present study aims to contribute to the implementation of an automatic optimization strategy of parameters for the calibration of a hydrological model based on the least action principle (HyMoLAP). The Downhill Simplex method is also known as the Nelder-Mead algorithm, which is a heuristic research method, is used to optimize the cost function on a given domain. The performance of the model is evaluated by the Nash Stucliffe Efficiency Index (NSE), the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), the coefficient of determination (R2), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE). A comparative estimation is conducted using the Nash-Sutcliffe Modeling Efficiency Index and the mean relative error to evaluate the performance of the optimization method. It appears that the variation in water balance parameter values is acceptable. The simulated optimization method appears to be the best in terms of lower variability of parameter values during successive tests. The quality of the parameter sets obtained is good enough to impact the performance of the objective functions in a minimum number of iterations. We have analyzed the algorithm from a technical point of view, and we have carried out an experimental comparison between specific factors such as the model structure and the parameter’s values. The results obtained confirm the quality of the model (NSE = 0.90 and 0.75 respectively in calibration and validation) and allow us to evaluate the efficiency of the Nelder-Mead algorithm in the automatic calibration of the HyMoLAP model. The developed hybrid automatic calibration approach is therefore one of the promising ways to reduce computational time in rainfall-runoff modeling.

关键词： Optimization HyMoLAP Automatic Calibration Validation Nelder-Mead Algorithm

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Thickness Variations in the Lithospheric Mantle and the Low Velocity Zone of the Adamawa Plateau (Cameroon) from Teleseismic Receiver Functions

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Open Journal of Geology 2018年第6期8卷 529-542页

作者： Serge H. Pokam Kengni Charles T. Tabod eric N. Ndikum Alain-pierre Kamga Tokam Pascal Gounou Pokam Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Physics Faculty of Science The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Physics HTTC Bambili The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Teleseismic events recorded by stations located in the Adamawa Plateau have been treated using the inversion method of receiver functions. These six stations are part of a network of 32 large strip seismic stations installed in Cameroon between 2005 and 2007. This method allowed us to investigate the lithospheric mantle in that region. The results obtained from the velocity model have been compared to some existing results in this region. These results show the existence of a thick crust having an average thickness of about 35.2 km and a corresponding S wave velocity of 3.7 km/s. For an average S wave velocity of 4.4 km/s the lithospheric mantle appears to be thin in nature and has a thickness that varies from 39 km and 49.6 km. Beyond the lower lithospheric mantle, there exists a low velocity zone, whose thickness varies between 20 km and 43.9 km. The variation of the low velocity zone leads to variation of the lower boundary of the lithospheric mantle boundary at the depths ranging from 73.8 km and 85 km.

关键词： Low Velocity Zone Receiver Function Teleseismic Lithospheric Mantle Adamawa Plateau

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Intradialytic Hypertension and Associated Factors among Chronic Haemodialysed Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Example from Cameroon

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2018年第4期8卷 105-116页

作者： Halle Marie Patrice Bana eric Loic Fouda Hermine Nda Mefo’o Jean pierre Tewafeu Denis Kaze Folefack Francois Ashuntantang Enow Gloria Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of DoualaCameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde IYaoundeCameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of BueaBueaCameroon

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) is a therapy during which complications such as intradialytic hypertension (IDH) are frequent. We aimed to determine the incidence of IDH and associated factors amongst patients on maintenance hemodialysis in Cameroon. Method: It was a prospective cohort study including end stage kidney disease patients on HD. Data collected were: socio-demographic, comorbidities, current medication, weight, heart rate ultrafiltration rate (UF), albuminemia and electrocardiogram. The first blood pressure (BP) measurement was obtained at the beginning of the session and the last at the end. IDH was defined as an increase in systolic BP ≥ 10 mmHg between the first and the last measurement. Logistic regression was used to look for associated factors, p-value Results: Mean age was 49.06 ± 13.97 years with 64.2% males. Mean number of dialysis session was 11.26 ± 2.49. Incidence of IDH was 48.36%. The median number of IDH episodes was 5 (Range 0 - 12). Factors increasing the risk were hypertension (p = 0.003), number of antihypertensive drugs ≥ 2 (p Conclusion: IDH is frequent amongst patients on maintenance hemodialysis in our setting, with various patients related factors associated.

关键词： Hemodialysis Intradialytic Hypertension Incidence Associated Factors Cameroon

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Evolving technologies for growing,imaging and analyzing 3D root system architecture of crop plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第3期58卷 230-241页

作者： Miguel A.Pieros Brandon G.Larson Jon E.Shaff David J.Schneider Alexandre Xavier Falcao Lixing Yuan Randy T.Clark eric J.Craft Tyler W.Davis pierre-Luc Pradier Nathanael M.Shaw Ithipong Assaranurak Susan R.Mc Couch Craig Sturrock Malcolm Bennett Leon V.Kochian USDA-ARS Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health538 Tower RoadIthacaNY 14580USA Department of Information Systems Institute of ComputingUniversity of CampinasAv.Albert Einstein1251CEP 13083-852CampinasSPBrazil Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Centre for Plant Integrative Biology School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLE12 5RDUK College of Science King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

A plant＇s ability to maintain or improve its yield under limiting conditions,such as nutrient de ficiency or drought,can be strongly in fluenced by root system architecture（RSA）,the three-dimensional distribution of the different root types in the soil. The ability to image,track and quantify these root system attributes in a dynamic fashion is a useful tool in assessing desirable genetic and physiological root traits. Recent advances in imaging technology and phenotyping software have resulted in substantive progress in describing and quantifying RSA. We have designed a hydroponic growth system which retains the three-dimensional RSA of the plant root system,while allowing for aeration,solution replenishment and the imposition of nutrient treatments,as well as high-quality imaging of the root system. The simplicity and flexibility of the system allows for modi fications tailored to the RSA of different crop species and improved throughput. This paper details the recent improvements and innovations in our root growth and imaging system which allows for greater image sensitivity（detection of fine roots and other root details）,higher ef ficiency,and a broad array of growing conditions for plants that more closely mimic those found under field conditions.

关键词： Abiotic stress digital root phenotyping mineral nutrition root system architecture

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TRANSLATING THE MULTI-ACTOR APPROACH TO RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE USING A WORKSHOP APPROACH FOCUSING ON SPECIES MIXTURES

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021年第3期8卷 460-473页

作者： Henrik HAUGGAARD-NIELSEN Søren LUND Ane K.AARE Christine A.WATSON Laurent BEDOUSSAC Jean-Noel AUBERTOT Iman R.CHONGTHAM Natalia BELLOSTAS Cairistiona F.E.TOPP pierre HOHMANN Erik S.JENSEN Maureen STADEL Bertrand PINEL eric JUSTES Department of People and Technology Roskilde UniversityDK-4000 RoskildeDenmark Scotland’s Rural College(SRUC) AberdeenScotlandUnited Kingdom AGIR Univ ToulouseENSFEAINRAECastanet-TolosanFrance AGIR Univ ToulouseINRAECastanet-TolosanFrance Department of Biosystems and Technology Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesSE-23053 AlnarpSweden Instituto Navarro de Tecnologias e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias(INTIA) 31610 VILLAVA(NAVARRA)Spain SRUC EdinburghScotlandUnited Kingdom Department of Crop Sciences Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL)CH-5070 FrickSwitzerland TERRENA AncenisFrance CIRAD Persyst DepartmentMontpellierFrance

The EIP-Agri multiactor approach was exemplified during a 3-day workshop with 63 project participants from the EU H2020 funded project“Redesigning European cropping systems based on species MIXtures”.The objective was to share firsthand experience of participatory research among researchers who were mostly not familiar with this *** participants were divided into smaller multidisciplinary groups and given the opportunity to interact with representatives from eight actor positions in the value chain of the agrifood cooperative Terrena located in Western *** four stages of the workshop were:(1)key actor interviews,(2)sharing proposed solutions for overcoming barriers,and(3)developing possible interdisciplinary *** of frustration were recorded serving both as a motivation for group members to become more aware of the scientific concerns and practices of their colleagues,as well as a recognition that some researchers have better skills integrating qualitative approaches than ***,the workshop format was an effective way to gain a common understanding of the pertinent issues that need to be addressed to meet overall multiactorapproach *** with the actor networks was identified and emphasized as a means to overcome existing barriers between academia and practice in order to coproduce a shared vision of the benefits of species mixture benefits.

关键词： agroecology codesign intercropping knowledge sharing participatory methods

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Low incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in asymptomatic cirrhotic outpatients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2013年第3期5卷 104-108页

作者： Jean-Franois Cadranel Jean-Baptiste Nousbaum Christophe Bessaguet pierre Nahon eric Nguyen-Khac Richard Moreau Thierry Thévenot Christine Silvain Christophe Bureau Olivier Nouel Christophe Pilette Thierry Paupard Arnaud Pauwels Thierry Sapey Jean-Didier Grangé Albert Tran Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department Centre Hospitalier Laennec Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology University Hospital La Cavale Blanche Department d'Information Médicale Centre Hospitalier Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Hpital Jean Verdier Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Amiens University Hospital Department of Hepatology Hpital Beaujon Department of Hepatology University Hospital Jean Minjoz Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Poitiers University Hospital Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Purpan Hospital Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier de Saint Brieuc Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier de Dunkerque Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier de Gonesse Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier de Chateauroux Department of Hepatology Hpital Tenon Digestive Center University Hospital of Nice

AIM: To compare the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic outpatients and inpatients undergoing therapeutic paracentesis METHODS: From January 1 to May 31, 2004, 1041 patients from 70 different hospitals underwent 2123 therapeutic abdominal paracentesis (AP) performed as a outpatient procedure in 355 and as inpatient procedure in 686 cases respectively. The following parameters were compared prospectively between outpatients and inpatients: spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) prevalence, age, gender, cause of cirrhosis, symptoms, score and grade according to Child-Pugh classification, cirrhosis complications, antibiotics treatment, serum creatinine, platelet count and ascitic protein concentration. RESULTS: SBP was observed in 91 patients. In the whole population the SBP prevalence was 8.7% (95%CI: 7.2-10.6) it was 11.7% (95%CI: 9.5-14.3) in inpatients and 3.1% (95%CI: 1.7-5.5) in outpatients (P < 0.00001). SBP prevalence was 8.3% (95%CI: 4.3-15.6) in symptomatic outpatients vs 1.2% (95%CI: 0.4-3.4) in asymptomatic outpatients (P < 0.002). Patients undergoing outpatient AP were significantly different from those undergoing inpatient AP; they were older (61.1 ± 11.1 years vs 59.4 ± 11.7 years; P = 0.028), cause of cirrhosis was less often alcohol (83 .7 vs 88.2%; P < 0.001), Child-Pugh score was lower (8.9 vs 10.1; P < 0.001) and more often B than C (63.7% vs 38%; P < 0.001). In addition, in outpatients the platelet count was higher (161 ± 93 Giga/L vs 143 ± 89 Giga/L; P = 0.003), serum total bilirubin concentration was lower (38.2 ± 60.7 μmol/L vs 96.3 ± 143.3 μmol/L; P < 0.0001), and ascitic protein concentration higher (17.9 ± 10.7 g/L vs 14.5 ± 10.9 g/L; P < 0.001) than in inpatients. CONCLUSION: In asymptomatic cirrhotic outpatients, the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is low thus exploratory paracentesis could be avoided in these patients without significant risk.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Ascites Ascitic fluid Bacterial infections Paracentesis Peritonitis

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SCREENING OF MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM REUNION ISLAND FOR ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015年第4期1卷 95-96页

作者： Ledoux Allison Cao Martine pierre-eric Campos Grondin Isabelle Smadja Jacqueline Frédérich Michel CIRM Laboratoire de pharmacognosie Université de Liège LCSNSA Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments Faculté des Sciences et Technologies-Université de La Réunion

According to the last World Malaria Report,there were an estimated 584 000 malaria deaths worldwide in *** problem of parasite resistance towards available medicines is *** products could play an important role to discover new antimalarial *** aim of the study was to highlight the anti-plasmodial properties of plants used in traditional medicine on the Mascarene Islands.85

关键词： SCREENING OF MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM REUNION ISLAND FOR ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY IC

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