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The logically consistent relationship between cladograms and synapomorphies

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Zoological systematics 2024年第04期 281-284页

作者： santiago j.sánchez-Pacheco

Here I explore the biological relevance, origin and meaning of the concept of cladogram (rooted, directed branching diagramsrepresentingthehypothesizedphylogeneticrelationshipsamongtheterminaltaxaunderstudy)andarguethat cladogramsdonotnecessarilyentailsynapomorphies,butsynapomorphiesarerequiredtotestandultimatelyfalsify cladograms. Both cladograms and synapomorphies are required to achieve phylogenetic explanation. I conclude that within aphylogenetic,scientificcontext,testabilityreferstothelogicalrelationshipamongcladograms(hypotheses),synapomorphies (evidence), and background knowledge (descent with modification). It is the relationship between evidence and hypothesis that underlies a logically consistent relationship between synapomorphies and cladograms. The capacity of a given cladogram, as a hypothesis, to explain synapomorphies complements this relationship and conforms phylogenetic explanation.

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Optimizing spatial Pattern Analysis in serial Remote sensing Images through Empirical Mode Decomposition and Ant Colony Optimization

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journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New series) 2024年第4期31卷 52-60页

作者： j srinivasan s Uma saleem Raja Abdul samad jayabrabu Ramakrishnan Department of Computer Applications Madanapalle Institute of Technology&Science(MITS)Madanapalle 517325Andhra PradeshIndia Department of Information Technology Panimalar Engineering CollegeChennai 600123India Information Technology Department College of Computing and Information SciencesUniversity of Technology and Applied Sciences-Shinas 324Sultanate of Oman Department of Information Technology and security College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyJazan UniversityJazan 45142Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

serial remote sensing images offer a valuable means of tracking the evolutionary changes and growth of a specific geographical area over *** the original images may provide limited insights,they harbor considerable potential for identifying clusters and *** aggregation of these serial remote sensing images(sRsI)becomes increasingly viable as distinct patterns emerge in diverse scenarios,such as suburbanization,the expansion of native flora,and agricultural *** a novel approach,we propose an innovative method for extracting sequential patterns by combining Ant Colony Optimization(ACD)and Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD).This integration of the newly developed EMD and ACO techniques proves remarkably effective in identifying the most significant characteristic features within serial remote sensing images,guided by specific *** findings highlight a substantial improvement in the efficiency of sequential pattern mining through the application of this unique hybrid method,seamlessly integrating EMD and ACO for feature *** study exposes the potential of our innovative methodology,particularly in the realms of urbanization,native vegetation expansion,and agricultural activities.

关键词： spatial pattern analysis EMD ACO

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sMILE soft X-ray Imager flight model CCD370 pre-flight device characterisation

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： s.Parsons D.j.Hall O.Hetherington T.W.Buggey T.Arnold M.W.j.Hubbard A.Holland Centre for Electronic Imaging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

Throughout the sMILE mission the satellite will be bombarded by radiation which gradually damages the focal plane devices and degrades their *** order to understand the changes of the CCD370s within the soft X-ray Imager,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline performance *** CCDs have been characterised,the two flight devices and the flight spa *** has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom measure ment *** results show that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re which increases in size with tempe *** at the nominal ope rating tempe rature(-120℃) it is within the procure ment ***,the devices meet the specifications when ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned frame transfer science *** se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades with temperature in full frame *** any charge losses are recovered when binning/frame transfer is implemented.

关键词： CCD soft X-ray imager characterisation sMILE

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Complexed amino acid minerals ***-glycinate chelated minerals:Impact on the performance of old laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 395-408页

作者： Marcos j.B.santos Maria C.M.M.Ludke Leandro M.silva Carlos B.V.Rabello Mércia R.Barros Fabiano s.Costa Clariana s.santos jamille s.s.Wanderley Department of Animal science Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil Department of Veterinary science Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil

The present study was to evaluate the effect of trace minerals(Zn,Mn,and Cu)from complexed amino acid minerals(ZMCAA)and bis-glycinate chelated minerals(ZMCGly)in laying hen diets on performance,internal and external egg quality,yolk mineral deposition,intestinal morphometry,and bone *** 78 to 98 weeks of age,400 White LsL-Lite strain laying hens were distributed in a randomized design with 4 treatments with 10 replicates per *** were distributed in a 2×2 factorial arrangement using either Zn,Mn,and Cu of ZMCAA or ZMCGly source at 2 levels:low(20,20,and 3.5 mg/kg of Zn,Mn,and Cu,respectively)or high(40,40,and 7 mg/kg of Zn,Mn,and Cu,respectively).The analysis of variance was performed,and in cases where differences were observed,the means were compared using Tukey?s test(Psource and level of trace mineral supplementation had a significant impact on the performance of laying *** fed ZMCAA had higher egg production(P=0.01),egg weight(P=0.02),egg mass(P=0.01),and lower feed conversion ratio(P=0.05)compared to those fed *** ZMCAA supplementation showed higher albumen height(P=0.01),albumen weight(P=0.01),and eggshell thickness(Psition of Zn(Pk was greater for hens received *** weight(P=0.04)and bone densitometry(Psmall intestine,ZMCAA resulted in longer villi(P=0.02)and shorter crypt depth(P=0.01)in the *** and ileum measurements were influenced by the level and source of trace minerals(Ps fed ZMCAA exhibited superior performance,egg quality,deposition of trace minerals in the egg yolk,and bone density compared to hens fed *** this study,older laying hens supplemented with ZMCAA at lower levels demonstrated adequate levels of supplementation.

关键词： Bis-glycinates Metal-amino acids Radiodensity Trace minerals

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Perturbations in the earthworm metabolite profile during a two-week exposure to metformin

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 221-229页

作者： j.D.Gillis G.W.Price s.O.Prasher Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversityFaculty of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesMacdonald-Stewart Building MS1-02721111 Lakeshore RoadSainte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Department of Engineering Dalhousie UniversityFaculty of Agriculture39 Cox RoadPO Box 550TruroNova ScotiaB2N 5E3Canada

Metformin is among the most prescribed pharmaceuticals in many countries,and as a result has shown up in biosolids derived from municipal wastewater treatment that are destined for land *** humans taking metformin,the effects include reduced glucose uptake in the intestine,a reduction in gluconeogenesis,increased oxidation of fatty acids,and reduced fatty acid *** effects of metformin on soil-dwelling organisms are not well *** study tested the effects of metformin exposure(0,10,40,160,640μg g^(-1))on the earthworm(***)at four time points(6 h,2 d,7 d,and 14 d)using GC-Ms to reveal sub-lethal effects and elucidate potential modes of action for *** were no mortalities observed,and earthworms exposed to the highest concentrations(160 and 640μg g^(-1))gained weight relative to the control on days 7 and *** reductions on day 7 were observed for glucose and malic acid(consistent with a reduction in gluconeogenesis),and for palmitic and margaric acid(consistent with increased oxidation and reduced synthesis of fatty acids).Lactic acid ranked first and second among canonicals 1 and 2 respectively and led to significant differences in discriminant scores across concentration and *** levels increased to equal or greater than the control on day 14,likely caused by reduced exposure as metformin is reported to be readily transformed by microorganisms under aerobic *** observations were consistent with the known effects of metformin in humans,and suggests that a similar mode of action exists in earthworms.

关键词： Metabolites Toxicity Earthworms Metformin GC-Ms

Revised in-depth meta-analysis on the efficacy of robot-assisted versus traditional free-hand pedicle screw insertion

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic, and Robotic surgery 2024年第4期7卷 155-165页

作者： Chumnanvej s. Pillai B.M. suthakorn j. Neurosurgery Division Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand Department of Anesthesiology and Operating Room Phramongkutklao Hospital Bangkok Thailand Center for Biomedical and Robotics Technology (BART LAB) Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand

Objective: Robot-assisted pedicle screw insertion has recently emerged as an alternative to the traditional free-hand technique. However, discrepancies in the accuracy of screw placement between the 2 methods have been highlighted by some comparative studies. This meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize evidence comparing these techniques. Methods: searches were conducted in 5 electronic databases adhering to specific eligibility criteria for randomized and observational studies. The data were analyzed using RevMan software and the results are presented as odds ratios (ORs), mean differences, or standard mean differences (sMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our analysis included 12 studies (7 randomized trials and 5 observational studies, involving 883 patients and 4903 screws). Results: The results demonstrated a higher rate of Grade A Gertzbein and Robbins pedicle placement score (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.10–2.87), a lower rate of revision surgeries (OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.09–0.52), and a shorter radiation exposure duration (sMD = −1.38, 95% CI: −2.32 to −0.44) in the robot-assisted group compared with the free-hand group. Nonetheless, the length of hospital stay, volume of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative visual analogue scale scores for back pain, and rate of wound infection were similar between the 2 groups. significant heterogeneity was observed in some outcomes. Conclusion: Compared with the free-hand method, the robot-assisted technique provides greater accuracy and reduced radiation exposure. The efficacy of the robot-assisted technique is expected to improve further as experience with its use in surgery grows. © 2024 Zhejiang University

关键词： Fluoroscopy Free-hand Meta-analysis Pedicle screw placement Robotic surgery

Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering in nonuniform plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 68-76页

作者： s.Tan Q.Wang Y.Chen W.B.Yao C.Z.Xiao j.F.Myatt school of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China school of Electrical and Information Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanAnhui 232001China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta9211116 St.NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 1H9Canada

Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering(sRss)is observed for the first time via two-dimensional(2D)particle-in-cell(PIC)*** construct a theoretical model for the rescattering process,which can predict the region of occurrence of mth-order sRss and estimate its *** rescattering process is identified by the 2D PIC simulations under typical conditions of a direct-drive inertial confinement fusion *** electrons produced by second-order sRss propagate nearly perpendicular to the density gradient and gain nearly the same energy as in first-order sRss,but there is no cascade acceleration to produce superhot *** studies for a wide range of ignition conditions show that sRss and associated rescatterings are robust and important processes in inertial confinement fusion.

关键词： nonuniform acceleration scattering

Awareness of the Termination of Pregnancy Act of the Laws of Zambia among Women of Reproductive Age at kanyama First Level Hospital in Lusaka District Zambia

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Open journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第8期14卷 1267-1287页

作者： j. k. Botha C. C. Ngoma P. s. Munkoka Lusaka District Health Office Matero First Level Hospital Lusaka Zambia Department of Midwifery Womens and Child Health School of Nursing Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia College of Nursing and Midwifery University of Lusaka Lusaka Zambia

Background: Termination of pregnancy (TOP) in Zambia is guided by the Termination of Pregnancy (TOP) Act of 1972 and as amended in 1994 of the laws of Zambia. However, despite provision of Comprehensive abortion care services with the liberal law, statistics at kanyama First Level Hospital in relation to unsafe illegal abortions are alarming. This study sought to understand the Awareness on the TOP Act of the laws of Zambia among women of reproductive age 15 - 49 years at kanyama First Level Hospital in Lusaka District. Purpose of the study: To assess awareness on the TOP Act among women of reproductive age at kanyama First Level Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Methodology: A convergent parallel mixed method design was conducted using both survey and in-depth interviews among women of reproductive age at kanyama First Level Hospital in Lusaka District. The study surveyed 370 randomly sampled women aged 15 to 49 years old while the in-depth interviews included eight women purposively sampled from the survey population. survey data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data thematic analysis was used. Results: The study found that 37% of the participants were aware of the TOP Act while 63.8% viewed legalization of abortion for any reason as wrong. The study results also showed that widowed women were 8 times more likely to be aware of the TOP Act compared to single women (AOR: 8.262;95% CI: 1.105, 61.778). Women in business were significantly more likely to be aware of the TOP Act compared to those who reported having no occupation. (AOR: 2.61;95% CI: 1.246, 5.499). Limited access to information, the social stigma attached to abortion, health care providers’ attitudes, cultural norms, values and religious beliefs, restrictive legal requirements, and absence of a supportive network were some of the barriers affecting awareness and utilization of available safe abortion care services. Conclusions: The research findings concluded that a

关键词： Awareness Termination of Pregnancy Act Barriers Determinants Women

The neglect of nonnative orthopterans as potential invaders:A call for awareness

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Insect science 2024年第4期31卷 994-1000页

作者： Anna k.kulessa Paride Balzani Ismael soto Antonín kouba David Renault Ali serhan Tarkan Phillip j.Haubrock Ruhr University Bochum Faculty of Biology and BiotechnologyBochumGermany Faculty of Biology University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 5EssenGermany Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of HydrocenosesUniversity of South Bohemia in CˇeskéBudeˇjoviceVodnˇanyCzech Republic University of Rennes CNRSECOBIO(EcosystèmesBiodiversitéEvolution)UMRRennesFrance Faculty of Fisheries Department of Basic SciencesMu˘gla SıtkıKoçman UniversityMu˘glaTurkey Department of Life and Environmental sciences Bournemouth UniversityPooleDorsetUK Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection Department of Ecology and Vertebrate ZoologyUniversity ofŁodzŁodzPoland Department of River Ecology and Conservation Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum FrankfurtGelnhausenGermany Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics Gulf University for Science and TechnologyMubarak Al-AbdullahKuwait

Despite the potential ecological and economic impacts of invasive species,there is a dearth of data on the presence,impacts,and management implications of potentially invasive Orthoptera *** lack of research and inconsistent data,including risk screenings and impact assessments,is especially evident in ***,assessing the status,distribution,and potential threats of nonnative Orthoptera in Europe remains challenging,impeding the development of effective management *** address this gap,we call for increased efforts to collect and curate data on non-native and possibly invasive Orthoptera in *** efforts will improve our understanding of this order’s invasion dynamics,facilitate the identification of priority areas for conservation,and support the development of effective management policies and preventive measures.

关键词： costs cricket damages grasshopper impact research