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Prospective and long-term evaluation of erect penile length obtained with inflatable penile prosthesis to that induced by intracavernosal injection

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第4期11卷 411-416页

作者： Run Wang galen e howard Anthony Hoang Jiu-Hong Yuan Hao-Cheng Lin Yu-Tian Dai Division of Urology University of Texas Medical School at Houston TX 77030 USA Department of Urology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA Department of Urology Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing University School of Medicine Nanjing 210008 China

We compared erect penile length after inflatable penile prosthesis （IPP） implantation with that induced by intracavemosal injection （ICI） before surgery. A total of 11 patients with full erections induced by ICI of 0.25 mL of Trimix （papaverine, phentolamine and prostaglandin e 1） at the time of penile color duplex Doppler ultrasonograpby were enrolled in this study. The patients subsequently underwent IPP implantation as the ultimate treatment for their erectile dysfunction （eD）. erect penile length consequent to IPP implantation was measured at 6 weeks, 6 months and at I year after surgery. The Sexual Health Inventory for Men （SHIM） was administered before, and at 6 months and 1 year after IPP implantation. erect penile length （mean ± s.c.） as induced by ICI was 13.2 ± 0.4 cm, whereas the lengths attained with IPP were 12.4 ± 0.3, 12.5 ± 0.3 and 12.5 ± 0.4 cm at the sixth week, sixth month and 1-year follow-ups, respectively. There were 0.83 ± 0.25, 0.75 ± 0.20 and 0.74 ± 0.15 cm decreases in erect penile length at 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year, respectively, after IPP implantation when compared with that after ICI （P 〈 0.05）. The SHIM scores for patients reporting shorter penises were the same as those for patients without complaints at the 6-month and 1-year follow-ups （P 〉 0.05）. To our knowledge, this is the first study to objectively show a significant decrease in erect penile length after IPP implantation when compared with that after ICI. However, this decrease did not affect the effectiveness of IPP in treating eD.

关键词： erectile dysfunction intracavemosal injection length penile prosthesis radical prostatectomy

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Global Solutions to Nonconvex Problems by evolution of Hamilton-Jacobi PDes

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 790-810页

作者： howard Heaton Samy Wu Fung Stanley Osher Typal Research Typal LLCLos AngelesUSA Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Colorado School of MinesGoldenUSA Department Mathematics UCLALos AngelesUSA

Computing tasks may often be posed as optimization *** objective functions for real-world scenarios are often nonconvex and/or ***-of-the-art methods for solving these problems typically only guarantee convergence to local *** work presents Hamilton-Jacobi-based Moreau adaptive descent(HJ-MAD),a zero-order algorithm with guaranteed convergence to global minima,assuming continuity of the objective *** core idea is to compute gradients of the Moreau envelope of the objective(which is"piece-wise convex")with adaptive smoothing *** of the Moreau envelope(i.e.,proximal operators)are approximated via the Hopf-Lax formula for the viscous Hamilton-Jacobi *** numerical examples illustrate global convergence.

关键词： Global optimization Moreau envelope Hamilton-Jacobi Hopf-Lax-Cole-Hopf Proximals Zero-order optimization

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Adding Value to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell Daren D. Redfearn Kenneth P. Vogel Terry J. Klopfenstein galen erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce e. Anderson Mary e. Drewnoski Jay Parsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. Jin USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agricultural economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, Ne, USA. each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

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Octopamine enhances learning

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 82-83页

作者： Yvette e.Fisher Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California

Across the animal kingdom, diverse monoamines actuate and modulate neural circuit function. However, measuring the rapid dynamics of these neuromodulators at cellular resolution has historically presented significant ... 详细信息

关键词： DOPAMINe TYRAMINe FLIeS

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Biotic resistance limits the invasiveness of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis （Thysanoptera： Thripidae）, in Florida

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Insect Science 2016年第2期23卷 175-182页

作者： Joe Funderburk galen Frantz Charles Mellinger Kara Tyler-Julian Mrittunjai Srivastava North Florida Research and education Center University of Florida Florida 32351 USA Glades Crop Care Inc. Jupiter Florida 33458 USA

The spread of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis （Pergande）, has resulted in the world-wide destabilization of established integrated pest management programs for many crops. It is hypothesized that frequent exposure to insecticides in intensive agriculture selected for resistant populations, which allowed invasive populations in the eastern USA to overcome biotic resistance from the native community of species. Research conducted in Florida to understand the role of biotic factors in limiting the abundance of the western flower thrips is reviewed. Orius spp. （Hemiptera： Anthocoridae） are effective predators that suppress populations of thrips on crop and non-crop hosts in southern and northern Florida. Orius are more effective predators of the western flower thrips than the native flower thrips, e tritici （Fitch） and e bispinosa （Morgan）. The native species are competitors of the western flower thrips. excessive fertilization and the use of broad-spectrum insecticides in crop fields further enhances populations of the western flower thrips. Interactions with native species clearly limit the abundance of western flower thrips in Florida, but populations are abundant in fertilized crop fields where application of insecticides excludes predators and competitor species.

关键词： disturbed habitat integrated pest management managing pest invasion resistance to invasion thrips pests

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SUPeRSYMMeTRY, PART I （THeORY）

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Chinese Physics C 2016年第10期40卷 834-872页

作者： howard e. Haber UC Santa Cruz

1.1. Introduction 1.2. Structure of the MSSM1.2.1. R-parity and the lightest supersymmetric particle 1.2.2. The goldstino and gravitino 1.2.3. Hidden sectors and the structure of supersymmetrybreaking

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Short-term responses of an alpine meadow community to removal of a dominant species along a fertilization gradient

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Journal of Plant ecology 2015年第5期8卷 513-522页

作者： Wei Li Jimin Cheng Kailiang Yu howard e.epstein Guozhen Du State Key Laboratory of Soil erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University26 Xinong RoadYangling 712100China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource 26 Xinong RoadYangling 712100China Department of environmental Sciences University of Virginia291 McCormick RoadCharlottesvilleVA 22904-4123USA State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems School of Life SciencesLanzhou University222 Tianshui RoadLanzhou 730000China

Aims The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has intrigued ecologists for several decades,but the effect of loss of a dominant species on community structure and functioning along a nutrient gradient remains poorly *** aim of this paper was to test the effect of a dominant species on community structure and function by conducting a species removal experiment along a fertilization *** We removed the population of a dominant species(elymus nutans)in a long-term fertilization field in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau,*** general linear models were used to evaluate the effects of fertilization and removal on above-ground vegetation characteristics,including photosynthetically active radiation in the understory,species richness,shannon-Weiner diversity index,simpson’s dominance index,above-ground biomass(includ-ing different functional groups)and seedling richness and *** Findingsresults revealed that after two plant growing seasons,there was no significant effect of the removal of a dominant species on species richness and diversity of the remaining vegetation,but the biomass of forbs and seedling recruitment were significantly increased indicative of the potential for long-term ***,removal had a large effect at high fertilization levels,but little effect when fertilization levels were *** studies indicated that community response to loss of a dominant species was mainly dependent on resource availability and the remaining functional group *** also found seedling recruitment was usually more sensitive to the influence of competition of dominant species than the estab-lished vegetation in the short term.

关键词： alpine meadow competition dominant species fertilization removal Tibetan Plateau

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ADVANCeS IN SUSTAINABLe SeCURITY SYSTeMS eNGINeeRING WITH DRAMA THeORY (DT) Ⅱ

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems engineering 2009年第4期18卷 403-422页

作者： Jason K. LeVY Nigel howard Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs Virginia Commonwealth University Sheffield Hallam University

We put forth Drama Theory II （DT II） as a formal multiple participant decision making framework that can be used to systematically model complex security challenges, and advance the field of Sustainable Security Systems engineering. DT II is defined as a theory of ＂large world＂ pre-game communication and equilibrium selection. While game theoretic tools have been widely applied to resolve environmental conflicts and promote global security, traditional game theory assumes that decision makers, options, and preferences are fixed. A mathematical treatment of key drama theoretic concepts （i.e. positions, intentions, doubts and dilemmas） is provided. The dynamics of the drama theoretic process are discussed and the expected equilibrium set is derived. The fundamental theorem of drama theory is proven and all theoretical results are applied to promote sustainable security solutions. It is emphasized that DT II represents a flexible systems engineering technique to address time-sensitive, multi-faceted, and complex multiple participant negotiations.

关键词： Drama Theory II sustainable security systems engineering game theory

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Community-level trait responses and intra-specific trait variability play important roles in driving community productivity in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Plant ecology 2017年第4期10卷 592-600页

作者： Wei Li Jie Zhao howard e.epstein Guanghua Jing Jimin Cheng Guozhen Du State Key Laboratory of Soil erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University26 Xinong RoadYangling 712100China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resource26 Xinong RoadYangling 712100China College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University22 Xinong RoadYangling 712100China Department of environmental Sciences University of Virginia291 McCormick RoadCharlottesvilleVA 22904-4123USA School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University222 Tianshui RoadLanzhou 730000China

Aims Human activities have dramatically increased nutrient inputs to ecosys-tems,impacting plant community diversity,composition and *** research has shown that a decrease in species diversity and an increase in productivity are a common phenomenon following fertilization in grasslands *** magnitude of the response of species diversity and above-ground net primary productivity(ANPP)to fertilization mainly depends on species traits(mean trait values)and traits variability(plasticity).Our aim of this study was to examine(i)changes of species diversity(species richness and Shannon-Wiener index)and ANPP following fertilization;(ii)which species traits or community-weighted mean(CWM)traits can determine ANPP,as expected from the‘biomass ratio hypothesis’;and(iii)the relative role of intra-specific and inter-specific trait variability in this process following *** We measured ANPP and four key plant functional traits:specific leaf area(SLA),leaf dry matter content(LDMC),mature plant height(MPH)and leaf nitrogen concentration(LNC)for 25 component species along a fertilization gradient in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan *** addition,trait variation of species was assessed using coefficients of variation(CV),and we calculated the ratio of the CVintra to the *** Findings Our results showed that:(i)fertilization significantly reduced species richness and Shannon-Weiner diversity index,but sig-nificantly increased ANPP;(ii)there was a significant positive correlation between ANPP and CWM-SLA and CWM-MPH,yet there was no significant relationship between ANPP and CWM-LNC or CWM-LDMC;(iii)intra-specific variability in SLA and MPH was found to be much greater than inter-specific variability,especially at the higher fertilization *** con-cluded that CWM-SLA and CWM-MPH can be used to assess the impacts of species changes on ecosystem functioning,and dominant species can maximize resource use through intra-spe-

关键词： biomass ratio hypothesis fertilization leaf dry matter content leaf nitrogen concentration mature plant height specific leaf area Tibetan Plateau

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The Changing Cold Regions Network:Observation,diagnosis and prediction of environmental change in the Saskatchewan and Mackenzie River Basins,Canada

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Science China earth Sciences 2015年第1期58卷 46-60页

作者： Chris M DeBeeR howard S WHeATeR William L QUINTON Sean K CAReY Ronald e STeWART Murray D MACKAY Philip MARSH Global Institute for Water Security University of SaskatchewanNational Hydrology Research Centre Cold Regions Research Centre Wilfrid Laurier University School of Geography and earth Sciences Mc Master University Department of environment and Geography University of Manitoba Science and Technology Branch Environment Canada

Climate change is causing rapid and severe changes to many earth systems and processes,with widespread cryospheric,ecological,and hydrological impacts globally,and especially in high northern *** is of major societal concern and there is an urgent need for improved understanding and predictive tools for environmental *** Changing Cold Regions Network(CCRN)is a Canadian research consortium with a focus to integrate existing and new experimental data with modelling and remote sensing products to understand,diagnose,and predict changing land,water,and climate,and their interactions and feedbacks over the geographic domain of the Mackenzie and Saskatchewan River Basins in *** network operates a set of 14 unique and focused Water,ecosystem,Cryosphere and Climate(WeCC)observatories within this region,which provide opportunities to observe and understand processes and their interaction,as well as develop and test numerical simulation models,and provide validation data for remote sensing *** paper describes this network and its observational,experimental,and modelling *** overview of many of the recent earth system changes observed across the study region is provided,and some local insights from WeCC observatories that may partly explain regional patterns and trends are *** of the model products being developed are discussed,and linkages with the local to international user community are reviewed—In particular,the use of WeCC data towards model and remote sensing product calibration and validation is *** future activities and prospects for the network are also presented at the end of the paper.

关键词： climate change cryosphere hydrology atmospheric science ecology modelling Canada

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