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Brazilian biosafety law and the new breeding technologies

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第2期7卷 204-210页

作者： Alexandre Lima NEPOMUCENO Renata FUGANTI-PAGLIARINI Maria Sueli Soares FELIPE Hugo Bruno Correa MOLINARI Edivaldo Domingues VELINI Eduardo Romano de Campos PINTO Maria Lucia Zaidan DAGLI galdino andrade filho Patricia Machado Bueno FERNANDES Embrapa Soybean Londrina 86001970Brazil Catholic University of Brasilia Brasilia 70790160Brazil Embrapa Agroenergy Biological Station ParkBrasilia 70770901Brazil Paulista State University Julio de Mesquita filho Botucatu Faculty of Agronomic SciencesBotucatu 18610307Brazil Embrapa Biotechnology and Genetic Resources—Biological Station Park Brasilia 70770900Brazil Sao Paulo University Veterinary FacultySao Paulo 05508900Brazil Londrina State University Microbiology DepartmentUniversity CampusLondrina 86051990Brazil Espirito Santo Federal University Biotechnology Post GraduationVitoria 29040090Brazil CTNBio(National Biosafety Technical Commission) Brasilia 70610200Brazil

Globally,the area of land cultivated with genetically modified(GM)crops has increased a thousand-fold over the last two *** this technology has become important for food production,the regulatory frameworks that underpin these outcomes are based on a list of requirements for a risk assessment that differ from country to *** recent years,policymakers have had the opportunity to learn from the controversies over transgenics to create effective regulatory milestones for emerging technologies,allowing them to reach their potential for a more sustainable agriculture,ensuring food *** Brazil,Law No.11.105 of 24 March 2005 established a framework with four main organizations responsible for risk assessment and ***,most of new breeding technologies did not exist at that time and were not considered in this ***2016,Normative Resolution No.16 of the National Biosafety Technical Commission(CTNBio)was established to address this gap based on the evaluation of the products obtained through these techniques(termed Innovative Precision Improvement Techniques in the resolution),in a case-by-case consultation ***,if the product is designated to be a GM,the developer will have to go through the biosafety requirements and will be approved only after CTNBio risk *** the product is designated not to be GM(for the purposes of the legislation),then it can be registered using the existing ***,152 GM products are commercially approved in *** 2018,CTNBio assessed the first consultation on commercial release of plants generated using the new breeding technologies and has subsequently approved six *** is expected that many institutions would be able to participate in Brazilian and world markets,developing and introducing new biotechnological solutions and products through a more sustainable approach and without facing public disapproval,a common issue for GM crops.

关键词： Brazilian legislation CTNBio genetically modified crops

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Antecedent Precipitation Index to Estimate Soil Moisture and Correlate as a Triggering Process in the Occurrence of Landslides

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第1期15卷 70-86页

作者： Marcio Augusto Ernesto De Moraes Walter Manoel Mendes filho Rodolfo Moreda Mendes Cassiano Antonio Bortolozo Daniel Metodiev Marcio Roberto Magalhães De andrade Harideva Marturano Egas Tatiana Sussel Gonçalves Mendes Luana Albertani Pampuch CEMADEN - National Centre for Monitoring and Early Warnings of Natural Disasters General Coordination of Research and Development S&#227o José dos Campos Brazil Faculty of Science and Technology Goias Federal University Aparecida de Goi&#226nia Brazil Institute of Science and Technology S&#227o Paulo State University (Unesp) S&#227o José dos Campos Brazil

Landslides are highly dangerous phenomena that occur in different parts of the world and pose significant threats to human populations. Intense rainfall events are the main triggering process for landslides in urbanized slope regions, especially those considered high-risk areas. Various other factors contribute to the process;thus, it is essential to analyze the causes of such incidents in all possible ways. Soil moisture plays a critical role in the Earth’s surface-atmosphere interaction systems;hence, measurements and their estimations are crucial for understanding all processes involved in the water balance, especially those related to landslides. Soil moisture can be estimated from in-situ measurements using different sensors and techniques, satellite remote sensing, hydrological modeling, and indicators to index moisture conditions. Antecedent soil moisture can significantly impact runoff for the same rainfall event in a watershed. The Antecedent Precipitation Index (API) or “retained rainfall,” along with the antecedent moisture condition from the Natural Resources Conservation Service, is generally applied to estimate runoff in watersheds where data is limited or unavailable. This work aims to explore API in estimating soil moisture and establish thresholds based on landslide occurrences. The estimated soil moisture will be compared and calibrated using measurements obtained through multisensor capacitance probes installed in a high-risk area located in the mountainous region of Campos do Jordão municipality, São Paulo, Brazil. The API used in the calculation has been modified, where the recession coefficient depends on air temperature variability as well as the climatological mean temperature, which can be considered as losses in the water balance due to evapotranspiration. Once the API is calibrated, it will be used to extrapolate to the entire watershed and consequently estimate soil moisture. By utilizing recorded mass movements and comparing them with AP

关键词： Landslides Antecedent Precipitation Index Soil Moisture Threshold Water Balance

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Crop residues: applications of lignocellulosic biomass in the context of a biorefinery

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Frontiers in Energy 2022年第2期16卷 224-245页

作者： Maria Carolina andrade Caio de Oliveira GORGULHO SILVA Leonora Rios de SOUZA MOREIRA Edivaldo Ximenes FERREIRA filho Laboratory of Enzymology Department of Cellular BiologyUniversity of BrasiliaBrasiliaDFBrazil

Interest in lignocellulosic biomass conversion technologies has increased recently because of their potential to reduce the dependency on non-renewable feedstocks. Residues from a variety of crops are the major source of lignocellulose, which is being produced in increasingly large quantities worldwide. The commercial exploitation of crop residues as feedstocks for biorefineries which could be used to produce a variety of goods such as biofuels, biochemicals, bioplastics, and enzymes is an attractive approach not only for adding value to residues but also for providing renewable products required by the expanding bioeconomy market. Moreover, the implementation of biorefineries in different regions has the potential to add value to the specific crop residues produced in the region. In this review, several aspects of crop residue application in biorefineries are discussed, including the role of crop residues in the bioeconomy and circular economy concepts, the main technical aspects of crop residue conversion in biorefineries, the main crop residues generated in different regions of the world and their availability, the potential value-added bioproducts that can be extracted or produced from each crop residue, and the major advantages and challenges associated with crop residue utilization in biorefineries. Despite their potential, most biomass refining technologies are not sufficiently advanced or financially viable. Several technical obstacles, especially with regard to crop residue collection, handling, and pre-treatment, prevent the implementation of biorefineries on a commercial scale. Further research is needed to resolve these scale-up-related challenges. Increased governmental incentives and bioeconomic strategies are expected to boost the biorefinery market and the cost competitiveness of biorefinery products.

关键词： crop residue biorefinery bioproduct biomass circular bioeconomy enzyme

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Bacterial extracts and bioformulates as a promising control of fruit body rot and root rot in avocado cv. Hass

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第3期19卷 748-758页

作者： David GRANADA Lorena LÓPEZ-LUJAN Sara RAMIREZ-RESTREPO Juan MORALES Carlos PELÁEZ-JARAMILLO galdino andrade Juan Carlos BEDOYA-PEREZ Phytosanitary and Biological Control Unit Corporation for Biological ResearchMedellin 050034Colombia Faculty of Health Sciences Institution University Colegio Mayor de AntioquiaMedellin 050034Colombia Department of Agronomic Sciences National University of ColombiaMedellin 050034Colombia Faculty of Exact Sciences University of AntioquiaMedellin 050010Colombia Department of Microbiology Londrina State UniversityLondrina 86051-990Brazil

At least 20-40% of annual losses of avocado crops are caused by pathogenic *** chemical treatments of these diseases are inefficient,cause environmental pollution and are increasingly restricted by international *** work aimed to assess the biocontrol capacity of a bacterial extract to protect avocado fruits and plants from pathogen *** from the bacterial isolate Serratia ***5.1 were obtained from liquid fermentations in a biorreactor.A body rot postharvest infection model with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on fruits was ***,packaging conditions were simulated using the bacterial extract and the commercial fungicide prochloraz as a positive ***,seedlings infections with Phytophthora cinnamomi were performed on two types of avocado(West Indian race and ***).The Area Under Disease Progress Curve(AUDPC) was recorded using the bacterial extract and a commercial product with fosetyl-aluminium as *** bacterial extract significantly reduced infections by *** on injured avocado fruits at 31.1 μg mL^-*** fruits were also protected against body rot infections at the same concentration and showed no significant differences with the commercial *** the other hand,AUDPC in the seedlings was significantly reduced with the extract treatment at 3 μg mL^-1 compared to the ***,a possible phytotoxicity effect of the extract was evidenced in the seedlings and confirmed by pathogen recovery and tests on Raphanus sativus ***,formulations of the extracts(emulsion and emulsifiable concentrate) were prepared,and bioactive stability was assessed for 8 *** emulsion formulates demonstrated very stable bioactivity against *** extract and the emulsion formulate showed promising results for the control of avocado *** bioproducts based on this type of active principles could be developed for the benefit of avocado industry.

关键词： Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Phytophthora cinnamomi Serratia sp. antagonistic microbes secondary metabolites biofungicide

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Synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots from lemon and onion juices for determination of riboflavin in multivitamin/mineral supplements

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2019年第3期9卷 209-216页

作者： Severino S. Monte-filho Stefani I.E. andrade Marcelo B. Lima Mario C.U. Araujo Universidade Federal da Paraíba CCEN Departamento de Química P.O. Box 5093 Zip Code 58051-970 Joao Pessoa PB Brazil Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco-Unidade Acad^emica de Serra Talhada UAST Zip Code 56909-535 Serra Talhada PE Brazil

In this work, lemon and onion biomasses commonly found in street markets are for the first time used to develop a facile, fast and low-cost one-step microwave-assisted carbonization method for synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs). The structure and optical properties of CDs were investigated by TEM, XRD, XRF, UV-Vis, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy. CDs displayed satisfactory optical pro-prieties, a high quantum yield of 23.6%, and excellent water solubility, and the particle size was 4.23-8.22 nm with an average diameter of 6.15 nm. An efficient fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the CDs and riboflavin was achieved with CDs acting as donor and riboflavin as acceptor. A linear relationship between FRET and the riboflavin concentration from 0.10 to 3.0 μg/mL was observed, allowing the development of an accurate and fast analytical method to determine this vitamin in multivitamin/mineral supplements. Despite the potential interferences in these supplements, CDs were selective for riboflavin under optimized conditions. A paired t-test at a 95% confidence level indicated no statistically significant difference between the proposed and the reference methods. Recovery test presented values ranged from 96.0% to 101.4%. The limit of detection and relative standard deviation were estimated at 1.0 ng/mL and <2.6% (n = 3), respectively. CDs were successfully synthesized in a domestic microwave oven (1450 W, 6 min), presenting satisfactory parameters when compared with results of other studies reported in the literature, suggesting that the proposed method is a potentially useful method for the synthesis of CDs and determination of riboflavin.

关键词： Carbon dots Microwave-assisted carbonization Lemon-onion juice Riboflavin Multivitamin/mineral supplements Fluorescence

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Medicinal Mushroom Growth as Affected by Non-Axenic Casing Soil

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Pedosphere 2011年第2期21卷 146-153页

作者： D.C.ZIED M.T.A.MINHONI J.KOPYTOWSKI-filho L.BARBOSA M.C.N.andrade Departamento de Produc ao Vegetal (Defesa Fitossanit'aria) Faculdade de Ci encias Agron omicasUniversidade Estadual Paulista18603-970 Botucatu (Brazil) Departamento de Bioestat' stica Instituto de Bioci encia de BotucatuUniversidade Estadual Paulista18618-000 Botucatu (Brazil) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amaz onia INPA69060-001 Manaus (Brazil)

Ten different casing soils were collected from two soils at two depths （0.2 and 2.0 m below soil surface） to examine the relationships between the physical properties of non-axenic casing soil and yield, number and weight of the medicinal mushroom Agamcua blaaei ss. Heinemann. The results showed that soil clay content and bulk density were negatively correlated with the mushroom yield, respectively, but soil silt content and water-holding capacity were found to be positively correlated with the yield. The number of mushrooms was negatively correlated with soil water-holding capacity but positively correlated with soil clay, bulk density and porosity. The weight of mushroom was positively correlated with the content of soil fine sand and negatively correlated with the contents of soil coarse sand, total sand and clay. Neither soil depth nor different soil combinations affected the yield and number of mushrooms, but the mushroom weight was affected by the soil combinations and soil depth, so interplay in the fructification process with the physical characteristics of casing is complicated.

关键词： Agaricus blazei casing layer quality factors soil depth soil particles

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Thermal behaviour analysis in a porcelainhoused ZnO surge arrester by computer simulations and thermography

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High Voltage 2019年第3期4卷 173-177页

作者： Arthur F.andrade Edson G.Costa Josué M.B.Fernandes Helem M.M.Alves Cícero R.C.Amorim filho Centre of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Federal University of Campina GrandeCampina GrandeBrazil Department of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Campina GrandeCampina GrandeBrazil

In this article,an analysis of heat transfer in a porcelain-housed ZnO surge arrester is *** to the fact that ZnO-based surge arresters are key components for protection and reliability of electrical systems,it is necessary to seek techniques to assure correct *** porcelain-housed arresters,the air gap leads to an increased thermal resistance between the ambient and the varistor ***,a thermal analysis must consider convection and radiation heat transfer mechanisms,besides heat *** study proposes the use of computational simulations in combination with thermography as a tool for a temperature-based estimation of the varistor *** the analysis,temperature rise tests were performed in a 69-kV ceramic-housed arrester to measure material emissivity and produce data to fit the simulated ***,the thermal response of the surge arresters subject to an impulsive energy input was *** simulations allow to relate varistors temperature and housing temperature with regard to a specified amount of dissipated *** obtained results show that the used technique can be an effective method for arrester monitoring and may allow to define assessing criteria for a porcelain-housed arrester based on housing temperature measurements.

关键词： behaviour specified ambient

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Sagittal abdominal diameter as a marker of visceral obesity in older primary care patients

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2020年第5期17卷 279-283页

作者： Maria Auxiliadora Nogueira Saad Antonio José Lagoeiro Jorge Diane Xavier deávila Wolney de andrade Martins Márcia Maria Sales dos Santos Luciana Thurler Tedeschi Ismar Lima Cavalcanti Maria Luiza Garcia Rosa Rubens Antunes da Cruz filho Fluminense Federal University NiteróiRio de Janeiro StateBrazil

Background Longevity,combined with a higher prevalence of obesity,particularly visceral obesity,has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular *** resistance(IR)is an important link between visceral obesity and cardiovascular *** important association has been found between sagittal abdominal diameter,visceral obesity and *** objective of this study is to evaluate sagittal abdominal diameter as a marker of visceral obesity and correlate it with IR in older primary health care *** A cross-sectional study was performed with 389 patients over 60 years of age(70.6±6.9),of whom 74%were *** clinical,anthropometric and metabolic profiles were assessed and their fasting serum insulin level was used to calculate the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance(HOMA-IR).Sagittal abdominal diameter was measured in the supine position at the midpoint between the iliac crest and the last rib with abdominal *** Sagittal abdominal diameter was significantly correlated with anthropometric measures of general and visceral obesity and with HOMA-IR in both *** was no change in the association between sagittal abdominal diameter and HOMA-IR after adjusting for age,sex,diabetes and *** It is feasible to use sagittal abdominal diameter in older primary care patients as a tool to evaluate visceral obesity,which is an indicator of cardiovascular risk.

关键词： Cardiovascular risk Insulin resistance Primary health care Sagittal abdominal diameter

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Green tea polyphenols inhibit testosterone production in rat Leydig cells

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第3期11卷 362-370页

作者： Marina S. Figueiroa Juliany S. B. Cesar Vieira Disleide S. Leite Ruben C. O. andrade filho Fabiano Ferreira Patricia S. Gouveia Daniel P. Udrisar Maria I. Wanderley Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Pernambuco 50607-901 Recife PE Brazil

This study investigated the acute effects of green tea extract （GTE） and its polyphenol constituents, （-）-epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG） and （-）-epicatechin （EC）, on basal and stimulated testosterone production by rat Leydig cells in vitro. Leydig cells purified in a Percoll gradient were incubated for 3 h with GTE, EGCG or EC and the testosterone precursor androstenedione, in the presence or absence of either protein kinase A （PKA） or protein kinase C （PKC） activators. The reversibility of the effect was studied by pretreating cells for 15 min with GTE or EGCG, allowing them to recover for 1 h and challenging them for 2 h with human chorionic gonadotropin （hCG）, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone （LHRH）, 22（R）-hydroxycholesterol or androstenedione. GTE and EGCG, but not EC, inhibited both basal and kinase-stimulated testosterone production. Under the pretreatment conditions, the inhibitory effect of the higher concentration of GTE/EGCG on hCG/LHRH-stimulated or 22（R）- hydroxycholesterol-induced testosterone production was maintained, whereas androstenedione-supported testosterone production returned to control levels. At the lower concentration of GTE/EGCG, the inhibitory effect of these polyphenols on 22（R）-hydroxycholesterol-supported testosterone production was reversed. The inhibitory effects of GTE may be explained by the action of its principal component, EGCG, and the presence of a gallate group in its structure seems important for its high efficacy in inhibiting testosterone production. The mechanisms underlying the effects of GTE and EGCG involve the inhibition of the PKA/PKC signalling pathways, as well as the inhibition of P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase function.

关键词： green tea polyphenols Leydig cells protein kinase A protein kinase C testosterone

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Computational Analysis of Anastomotic Angles by Blood Flow Conditions in Side-to-End Radio-Cephalic Fistulae Used in Hemodialysis

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 131-141页

作者： Janaína de andrade Silva José Karam-filho Carlos Cristiano H. Borges Graduate Program of Computational Modeling Federal University of Juiz de Fora Juiz de Fora Brazil CMC/National Laboratory for Scientific Computing Petrópolis Brazil PPGMC/Federal University of Juiz de Fora Juiz de Fora Brazil

Chronic renal failure is a disease that affects a considerable population percentage that requires the hemodialysis procedure which is a blood filtration. This process is extremely stressful in many cases for the patient, because there is a continuous degradation of vessels and fistulae susceptible to this process due to the alterations of the stress at the blood vessel walls and flow patterns, leading to diseases such as intimal hyperplasia and consequent stenosis. Experimental in vivo researches in this area are very difficult to perform. In this sense computational models become interesting non invasive options to understand what happens to the blood in non viscometric geometries. In this work, we analyse blood flow, through computational modeling, in arteriovenous fistulae used in hemodialysis, using geometries with dimensions close to real ones. Discretization of the governing equations was made through a finite volume technique with the PISO—Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operators—algorithm, using as a basis the OpenFOAM software platform. Large vessel Newtonian fluid model was used to analyze six possible anastomotic angles (20。, 25。, 30。, 35。, 40。, 45。). To analyze the possibility of stenosis formation caused by hyperplasia, results for wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index (OSI), velocity and local circulation fields were obtained, showing that higher angles presented more secondary flows and larger extensions of stagnation regions near the critical areas of the junctions. Moreover, a range around 25。was identified to be the most suitable choice for clinical applications, minimizing possibility of diseases.

关键词： Hemodialysis Wall Shear Stress Stagnation Flow Finite Volume Method Blood Flow Large Vessels

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