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Differences in atheroma between Caucasian and Asian subjects with anterior stroke:A vessel wall MRI study

Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第1期6卷 25-32页

作者： Hiroko Watase Mi Shen Binbin Sui peiyi Gao Dong Zhang Jie Sun Niranjan Balu Daniel S Hippe gail p jarvik Xihai Zhao Rui Li Shuo Chen Chun Yuan Thomas S Hatsukami Department of Surgery University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA Department of Radiology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Tiantan Neuroimaging Center for Excellence Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Neurosurgical Institute BeijingChina Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Radiology University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA Department Medicine(Medical Genetics)and Genome Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA Center for Biomedical Imaging Research Department of Biomedical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Background and purpose While extracranial carotid artery stenosis is more common among Caucasians and intracranial artery stenosis is more common among Asians,the differences in atherosclerotic plaque characteristics have not yet been extensively *** sought to investigate plaque location and characteristics within extracranial carotid and intracranial arteries in symptomatic Caucasians and Chinese using vessel wall *** Subjects with recent anterior circulation ischaemic stroke were recruited and imaged at two sites in the USA and China using similar *** extracranial carotid and intracranial arteries were reviewed to determine plaque location and *** The prevalence of extracranial carotid plaque in Caucasians and Chinese was 73.1%and 49.1%,respectively(p=0.055).prevalence of intracranial plaque was 38.5%and 69.1%in Caucasians and Chinese,respectively(p=0.02).Furthermore,42% of Caucasians and 16%of Chinese had high-risk plaque(HRp)features(intraplaque haemorrhage,luminal surface disruption)in the extracranial carotid artery(p=0.03).The prevalence of HRp features in intracranial arteries was not significantly different between the two cohorts(4%vs 11%;p=0.42).Conclusions Differences in the location and characteristics of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis were identified by vessel wall MRI in US Caucasian and Chinese subjects with recent anterior circulation ischaemic *** carotid plaques with HRp features were more common in *** plaques were more common in Chinese subjects,but no significant difference between the two cohorts in intracranial HRp prevalence was *** studies using vessel wall imaging to investigate racial differences in cerebrovascular disease may inform underlying mechanisms of HRp development and may ultimately help guide appropriate therapy.

关键词： prevalence intracranial arteries

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Validating a tool to assess eye health knowledge, attitude and practice in Cambodia and Vietnam

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第11期12卷 1767-1774页

作者： Noela prasad gail M Ormsby Robert p Finger Institute for Health and Sport Victoria UniversityMelbourneVIC 3011Australia VACCHO CollingwoodVIC 3066Australia professional Studies Faculty of BusinessEducationLaw and ArtsUniversity of Southern QueenslandWest StreetToowoombaQLD 4350Australia Lifestyle Research Centre Avondale College of Higher EducationCooranbongNSW 2265Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of BonnRegina-Pacis-Weg 3Bonn 53113Germany

AIM: To develop an eye health knowledge, attitude and practice(EH-KAp) field-based assessment tool for use in implementing effective eye health care ***: An instrument development and validation study. A Vietnam EH-KAp dataset were used to identify and eliminate redundant questions to develop a standardized tool. Face validity was assessed by the KAp survey team. Internal validity(congruency/criterion) was assessed by comparing descriptive analysis of two datasets(n=531;n=38) collected from the same sampling frame at different time points. Weighted scores were calculated for each construct. Kappa values for test-retest and inter-observer agreement were calculated to check the reliability of responses. The modified version was assessed by analysing the raw and ungrouped data. Responses were weighted and agreement was tested by comparing construct ***: Totally 38 respondents were included in this validation process(mean age 58.5 y). Mean scores for knowledge were 9.15(old questionnaire n=531) and 5.05(modified version). For attitude, the scores were 2.23 and 2.42, and for practice the scores were 3.33 and 2.21. Testretest agreement was between 62% to 93%(Kappa 0.24 to 0.86) for the ungrouped raw data, and 55% to 72%(Kappa 0.42 to 0.65) for KAp domain. Inter-observer Kappa value for ungrouped data was 0.37 and 0.45 for the weighted ***: This standardized tool applied at critical time points can assess trends in KAp within the same population and for comparison across groups. If used alongside a Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness(RAAB), this tool provides a comprehensive perspective on eye-health of a population.

关键词： validation knowledge attitude practice eye health knowledge,attitude and practice questionnaire

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phe complexities of identifying a cell of origin for human prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 118-119页

作者： gail p Risbridger Renea A Taylor Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

prostate cancer （pCa） is the second most common malignancy in men and ifloca-lized or confined to the gland at diagnosis, the choice of treatment includes surgery, radiation or watchful waiting. If and when the disease spreads, androgen blockade is effective but inevitably relapse occurs, resulting in incurable castrate-resistant pCa.

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Novel strategies for managing pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第40期20卷 14717-14725页

作者： Welley S Loc Jill p Smith gail Matters Mark Kester James H Adair Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease The National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 United States Department of Medicine The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey PA 17033 United States Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHershey PA 17033 United States Department of pharmacology ThePennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey PA17033 United States Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Bioengineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States

With the incidence reports of pancreatic cancer increasing every year,research over the last several decades has been focused on the means to achieve early diagnosis in patients that are at a high risk of developing the *** review covers current strategies for managing pancreatic cancer and further discusses efforts in understanding the role of early onset symp-toms leading to tumor *** investigations in this discussion include type 3c diabetes,selected biomarkers and pathways related to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions,drug resistance,and advances in nanomedicine which may provide significant solutions for improving early detection and treatments in future medicine.

关键词： pancreatic cancer Diagnosis Treatment Signaling pathways Nanomedicine Biomarkers

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Development of an educational cartoon to prevent worm infections in Chinese schoolchildren

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Infectious Diseases of poverty 2013年第1期2卷 240-248页

作者： Franziska A Bieri Li-ping Yuan Yue-Sheng Li Yong-Kang He Andrew Bedford Robert S Li Feng-Ying Guo Sheng-Ming Li gail M Williams Donald p McManus Giovanna Raso Darren J Gray QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute HerstonBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia The School of population Health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Hunan Institute of parasitic Diseases WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control on Schistosomiasis in Lake RegionYueyangPeople’s Republic of China Andrew Bedford Creative Services BrisbaneAustralia Swiss Tropical and public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire AbidjanCôte d’Ivoire

Background:With more than two billion people infected worldwide,soil-transmitted helminths(STH)are the most widespread *** date,STH control efforts rely predominantly on recurrent mass drug administration(MDA),which does not prevent *** public health measures including novel health educational tools are required for more sustained integrated control of *** describe the development of an educational cartoon video(The Magic Glasses)targeting STH infections in Chinese schoolchildren and its pilot testing in *** applied an extensive community-based mixed methods approach involving input from the target group of 9–10 year old schoolchildren and key informants,such as teachers,doctors and parents,in order to identify potential STH infection risks in the study area and to formulate key messages for the *** development of the educational cartoon included three major steps:formative research,production,and pilot testing and ***:We found that most adults and approximately 50%of the schoolchildren were aware of roundworm(Ascaris)infection,but knowledge of transmission,prevention and treatment of STH was *** in the study area showed that unhygienic food practices,such as eating raw and unwashed fruit or playing in vegetable gardens previously fertilised with human faeces,posed major STH infection ***:It was crucial to assess the intellectual,emotional,social and cultural background of the target population prior to video production in order to integrate the key messages of the cartoon into everyday ***,our strategy for the development of the cartoon and its incorporation into a health education package proved successful,and we provide a summary of recommendations for the development of future educational videos based on our experiences in China.

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Neglected tropical diseases Health promotion Video-based health education package Development of educational cartoon Integrated control Formative research pilot testing Sustainable control of soil-transmitted helminths

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CaMK4 overexpression in polycystic kidney disease promotes mTOR-mediated cell proliferation

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2022年第7期14卷 49-61页

作者： Yan Zhang Emily A.Daniel July Metcalf Yuqiao Dai gail A.Reif Darren p.Wallace Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160-3018USA Jared Grantham Kidney Institute University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160-3018USA Department of Molecular and Integrative physiology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160-3018USA

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADpKD)is characterized by progressive enlargement of fluid-filled cysts,causing nephron loss and a decline in renal *** target of rapamycin(mTOR)is overactive in cyst-lining cells and contributes to abnormal cell proliferation and cyst enlargement;however,the mechanism for mTOR stimulation remains *** discovered that calcium/calmodulin(CaM)dependent kinase IV(CaMK4),a multifunctional kinase,is overexpressed in the kidneys of ADpKD patients and pKD mouse *** human ADpKD cells,CaMK4 knockdown reduced mTOR abundance and the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase(S6K),a downstream target of *** inhibition of CaMK4 with KN-93 reduced phosphorylated S6K and S6 levels and inhibited cell proliferation and in vitro cyst formation of ADpKD ***,inhibition of calcium/CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase-βand CaM,two key upstream regulators of CaMK4,also decreased mTOR *** effects of KN-93 were independent of the liver kinase B1-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMpK)pathway,and the combination of KN-93 and metformin,an AMpK activator,had additive inhibitory effects on mTOR signaling and in vitro cyst *** data suggest that increased CaMK4 expression and activity contribute to mTOR signaling and the proliferation of cystic cells of ADpKD kidneys.

关键词： ADpKD CaMK4 CaMKKβ calmodulin LKB1 AMpK

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presence of the potato Late Blight Resistance Gene RBDoes Not promote Adaptive parasitism of phytophthora infestans

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American Journal of plant Sciences 2012年第3期3卷 360-367页

作者： Dennis A. Halterman gail Middleton US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Vegetable Crops Research Unit Madison USA Vegetable Crops Research Unit US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Madison USA

The gene RB is derived from the wild potato species S. bulbocastanum and confers partial resistance to late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen phytophthora infestans. In order to investigate whether a single strain of p. infestans can adapt to overcome this partial resistance source, we subjected RB containing leaflets to multiple rounds of infection with p. infestans, with a culture isolated from a lesion used to infect the next leaflet (a passage). A parallel line of passages was done using susceptible leaflets as hosts. At the end of the experiment, p. infestans strains passaged through resistant or susceptible leaflets were compared for infection efficiency and lesion size. Variants of the p. infestans effector family IpI-O, some of which are recognized by the RB protein to elicit resistance, were cloned and sequenced to determine whether variation occurred during selection on the partially resistant host. Our results show that after 20 rounds of selection, no breakdown in RB resistance took place. In fact, the strain that was continually passaged through the partially resistant host produced smaller lesions on susceptible leaflets and had a lower infection frequency than the strain passaged through susceptible cultivar Katahdin. No changes within IpI-O coding regions were detected after selection on the hosts with RB. Our results indicate that individual strains of p. infestans are not capable of rapidly overcoming RB resistance even when it is the only host available.

关键词： Host Disease Resistance pathogen Evolution partial Resistance pathogen Effector

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Identity processes, Depression, and the Aging Self —A Norwegian Study

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Advances in Aging Research 2015年第6期4卷 212-224页

作者： gail Low Mary Kalfoss Liv Halvorsrud University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Diakonova University College Oslo Norway Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences Oslo Norway

The Identity process Theory is a theory of how people adapt to aging. According to this theory, older people attribute their physical functioning to a more variable state of health or to their age. Health attributions per se help older people avoid negative thoughts and feelings about themselves and their own process of aging. We explored health versus age attributions, and their effects upon depressive symptoms and negativity toward aging among 359 older Norwegians (age range = 60 - 91 years of age). Aging pertained to psychosocial loss, physical change, and psychological growth. Data collected in the 2004 WHOQOL-OLD Norwegian Field Study were analyzed by using a MANOVA and a validatory path analysis. Our findings consistently supported health attributions in relation to psychosocial loss (X2 = 20.37, df = 10, p = 0.03;GFI = 0.98, AGFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.05), physical change (X2 = 35.03, df = 14, p = 0.000;GFI = 0.97, AGFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.06), and psychological growth (X2 = 22.22, df = 13, p = 0.05;GFI = 0.98, AGFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.04). Health attributions increased participants’ depressive symptoms and negativity toward aging, especially toward psychosocial loss (β= -?0.45, p = 0.000) and physical change (β= - 0.48, p = 0.000). We relate these theoretically contradictory findings to Norwegian cultural beliefs and values. We make recommendations for research, including normalizing depressive symptoms and cross-cultural investigations.

关键词： Aging Identity Depression Norway MANOVA AMOS

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The Initial Implementation of the Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) for Breast Cancer Management in Malta

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2013年第3期4卷 765-773页

作者： Camilleri gail Borg Grima Karen Zarb Francis Department of Radiography Faculty of Health Sciences University of Malta Msida Malta Department of Radiography Faculty of Health Sciences University of Malta Msida Malta. Medical Imaging Department Mater Dei Hospital Msida Malta

Over the past two decades, the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) based on sentinel node (SN) being the first lymph node that harbors metastases, revolutionized breast cancer management. SLNB presents much less morbidity when compared to radical axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) where all nodes are dissected irrespective of their metastatic involvement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of SLNB by investigating whether the histological characteristics of the SNs identified using scintigraphy are predictive of the histological characteristics of the ALN basin. Methods: Fifty-five female breast cancer patients underwent lymphoscintigraphy and SLNB followed by ALND. The histological status of the SN/s was correlated to the histological status of the ALNs to determine whether the SN accurately stages the ALNs in breast cancer. Results: During surgery, SNs were successfully isolated in 52 out of 55 cases (94.5%) (range, 0 to 9). No SNs were identified in 3 cases (5.5%). Results demonstrate a significant association (p = 0.05) between the metastatic status of SNs and the corresponding ALNs in 42 out of 52 patients (80.8%), but with a high false-negative rate (FNR) of 37.5%. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that the sentinel node concept provides the benefits of SLNB in the majority of instances. However, further work is required in reducing the FNR. Once the effectiveness of SLNB as a staging technique is locally established, the need of ALND in SN-negative patients would be limited, thus improving the quality of life of Maltese breast cancer patients.

关键词： Breast Cancer Sentinel Node Lymphoscintigraphy Sentinel Lymph node Biopsy Axillary Lymph Node Dissection

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The landscape epidemiology of echinococcoses

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Infectious Diseases of poverty 2016年第1期5卷 107-119页

作者： Angela M.Cadavid Restrepo Yu Rong Yang Donald p.McManus Darren J.Gray patrick Giraudoux Tamsin S.Barnes gail M.Williams Ricardo J.Soares Magalhães Nicholas A.S.Hamm Archie C.A.Clements Research School of population Health The Australian National UniversityCanberraNew South WalesAustralia Ningxia Medical University YinchuanNingxia Hui Autonomous RegionP.R.China Molecular parasitology Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Chrono-environment lab UMR6249University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRSBesançonFrance Institut Universitaire de France ParisFrance The University of Queensland School of Veterinary ScienceGattonQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationGattonQueenslandAustralia School of public Health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Child Health Research Centre The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation(ITC) University of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands

Echinococcoses are parasitic diseases of major public health importance *** infection results in chronic disease with poor prognosis and serious medical,social and economic consequences for vulnerable *** to recent estimates,the geographical distribution of Echinococcus *** is expanding and becoming an emerging and re-emerging problem in several regions of the *** endemicity is geographically heterogeneous and over time it may be affected by global environmental ***,landscape epidemiology offers a unique opportunity to quantify and predict the ecological risk of infection at multiple spatial and temporal ***,we review the most relevant environmental sources of spatial variation in human echinococcosis risk,and describe the potential applications of landscape epidemiological studies to characterise the current patterns of parasite transmission across natural and human-altered *** advocate future work promoting the use of this approach as a support tool for decision-making that facilitates the design,implementation and monitoring of spatially targeted interventions to reduce the burden of human echinococcoses in disease-endemic areas.

关键词： Landscape epidemiology Helminth infection Human echinococcosis Echinococcus spp Environmental change Geographic information systems Remote sensing Geostatistics

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