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CO_(2) conversion to solar fuels and chemicals:Opening the new paths

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 680-683页

作者： gabriele Centi Claudio Ampelli Department of Chemical BiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences(ChiBioFarAm)University of MessinaERIC aisbl and CASPE/INSTMV.le F.Stagno d'Alcontres 3198166 MessinaItaly

This future article discusses the new prospects and directions of CO_(2)conversion via the photo-electrocatalytic(PEC)route.The second(2nd)generation solar fuels and chemicals(SFs)are generated directly in PEC systems via electrons/protons reactions without forming molecular H_(2)as an intermediate,overcoming the thermodynamics limitations and practical issues encountered for electro-fuels produced by multistep thermocatalytic processes(i.e.CO_(2)conversion with H_(2)coming from water electrolysis).A distributed and decentralized production of SFs requires very compact,highly integrated,and intensified technologies.Among the existing reactors of advanced design(based on artificial leaves or photosynthesis),the integrated photovoltaic plus electrocatalytic(PV-EC)device is the only system(demonstrated at large scale)to produce SFs with high solar-to-fuel(STF)efficiency.However,while the literature indicates STF efficiency as the main(and only)measure of process performance,we remark here the need to refer to productivity(in terms of current density)and make tests with reliable flow PEC systems(with electrodes of at least 5–10 cm^(2))to accelerate the scaling-up process.Using approaches that minimize downstream separation costs is also mandatory.Many limitations exist in PEC systems,but most can be overcome by proper electrode and cell engineering,thus going beyond the properties of the electrocatalysts.As examples of current developments,we present the progress of(i)artificial leaf/tree devices for green H_(2)distributed production and(ii)a PEC device producing the same chemicals at both cathode and anode parts without downstream operations for green solvent distributed production.Based on these developments,future directions,such as producing fertilizers and food components from the air,are outlined.The aim is to provide new ideas and research directions from a personal perspective.

关键词： Solar fuels Artificial leaf PEC devices PV-EC devices Cell engineering green H_(2) Chemicals from theair

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New challenges in hepatocellular carcinoma:A role for PIWIinteracting RNAs?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第22期30卷 2843-2848页

作者： Domenico Tierno gabriele Grassi Bruna Scaggiante Department of Medicine Surgery and Health SciencesUniversity Hospital of CattinaraUniversity of TriesteTrieste 34149Italy Department of Life Sciences University of TriesteTrieste 34127Italy

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common and deadliest subtype of liver cancer worldwide and,therefore,poses an enormous threat to global health.Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of HCC is central to improving our clinical approaches.PIWIinteracting RNAs(piRNAs)are a class of small non-coding RNAs that bind to PIWI family proteins to regulate gene expression at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.A growing body of work shows that the dysregulation of piRNAs plays a crucial role in the progression of various human cancers.In this editorial,we report on the current knowledge of HCC-associated piRNAs and their potential clinical utility.Based on the editorial by Papadopoulos and Trifylli,on the role and clinical evaluation of exosomal circular RNAs in HCC,we highlight this other emerging class of non-coding RNAs.

关键词： Biomarker Hepatocellular carcinoma Liquid biopsy Non-coding RNA PIWI-interacting RNA Next-generation sequencing

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Fluidization of binary mixtures of sisal residue and sand:A new model for deriving the final fluidization velocity

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Particuology 2018年第5期16卷 10-22页

作者： David Vasconcelos gabriele batalha Luis Gabriel Pereira Carlos Augusto Pires Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory Federal University of Bahia40.210-910SalvadorBABrazil

The influence of different factors on the fiuidization of a binary mixture of sisal residue and sand was investigated.The particle sizes of the sand and sisal residue were varied from 0.2to 0.8mm and the biomass mass fractions from 2% to 9%.Some segregation was noted,and a significant relationship was found among the final fluidization velocity (Uff),the biomass and sand sizes,and the biomass mass fraction.A novel model was developed for predicting Uff,leading to an average discrepancy of 12.69% between the measured and predicted Uff compared with the best match of 15.32% when using a model from a previous paper.The new model was applied to data from studies using other biomass and a broad range of particle characteristics.The average divergences from measured values when using the new model were 7.9% for corn cob and walnut shell,and 20.5% for sweet sorghum bagasse,tobacco residue, and soy hulls.These were superior to the values derived using other models.Our results confirm the accuracy of the model developed in this work and show that it represents a viable alternative way to calculate Uff for a binary mixture of sand and biomass.

关键词： Fluidization Binary mixture Sisal residue Final fluidization velocity model

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Highly-sensitive wafer-scale transfer-free graphene MEMS condenser microphones

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 267-275页

作者： Roberto Pezone Sebastian Anzinger gabriele Baglioni Hutomo Suryo Wasisto Pasqualina M.Sarro Peter G.Steeneken Sten Vollebregt Laboratory of Electronic Components Technology and Materials(ECTM)Department of MicroelectronicsDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands Infineon Technologies AG Am Campeon 1-15Neubiberg 85579Germany Kavli Institue of Nanoscience Department of Quantum NanoscienceDelft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering(PME) Delft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands

Since the performance of micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)-based microphones is approaching fundamental physical,design,and material limits,it has become challenging to improve them.Several works have demonstrated graphene’s suitability as a microphone diaphragm.The potential for achieving smaller,more sensitive,and scalable onchip MEMS microphones is yet to be determined.To address large graphene sizes,graphene-polymer heterostructures have been proposed,but they compromise performance due to added polymer mass and stiffness.This work demonstrates the first wafer-scale integrated MEMS condenser microphones with diameters of 2R=220-320μm,thickness of 7 nm multi-layer graphene,that is suspended over a back-plate with a residual gap of 5μm.The microphones are manufactured with MEMS compatible wafer-scale technologies without any transfer steps or polymer layers that are more prone to contaminate and wrinkle the graphene.Different designs,all electrically integrated are fabricated and characterized allowing us to study the effects of the introduction of a back-plate for capacitive read-out.The devices show high mechanical compliances C_(m)=0.081-1.07μmPa^(−1)(10-100×higher than the silicon reported in the state-of-the-art diaphragms)and pull-in voltages in the range of 2-9.5 V.In addition,to validate the proof of concept,we have electrically characterized the graphene microphone when subjected to sound actuation.An estimated sensitivity of S_(1kHz)=24.3-321 mV Pa^(−1)for a V_(bias)=1.5 V was determined,which is 1.9-25.5×higher than of state-of-the-art microphone devices while having a~9×smaller area.

关键词： transfer plate approaching

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In memory of Professor David Alexander Yuen

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Earthquake Research Advances 2024年第2期4卷 1-6页

作者： gabriele Morra Henry M.Tufo Ⅲ Department of Physics University of Louisiana at Lafayette 104 E University AveLafayette70504LouisianaUSA Department of Computer Science University of Colorado at BoulderBoulderCO80309USA

David Alexander Yuen was born on June 14,1948,in Shanghai during the Chinese Civil War.His family moved to Hong Kong the following year.Thanks to the help of Senator Mike Mansfield,a Democrat from Montana,who met Dave's father during World War II,the entire family of seven moved to New York City in 1956.Dave showed much enthusiasm as a student,graduating from Xavier High School in Lower Manhattan in 1965,along with other successful Americans such as Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia.Dave proceeded to Caltech to study chemical physics and then moved to the chemistry department at the University of California,Berkeley in 1969,where the beginning of the plate tectonics revolution inspired him to change his focus to geophysics.

关键词： Berkeley moved Lower

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Management of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and atrial fibrillation:We are still far from precision medicine

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第5期16卷 231-239页

作者： Liuba Fusco Zefferino Palamà Antonio Scarà Alessio Borrelli Antonio Gianluca Robles gabriele De Masi DeLuca Silvio Romano Luigi Sciarra Department of Cardiology University Hospital of NorthamptonshireNorthampton NN15BDUnited Kingdom Department of Cardiology Casa di Cura Villa VerdeTaranto 70124Italy Department of Life Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of l'AquilaL'Aquila 67100Italy Department of Cardiology GVM Care and ResearchSan Carlo di Nancy HospitalRome 00100Italy

The use of anticoagulation therapy could prove to be controversial when trying to balance ischemic stroke and intracranial bleeding risks in patients with concurrent cerebral amyloid angiopathy(CAA)and atrial fibrillation(AF).In fact,CAA is an age-related cerebral vasculopathy that predisposes patients to intracerebral hemorrhage.Nevertheless,many AF patients require oral systemic dose-adjusted warfarin,direct oral anticoagulants(such as factor Xa inhibitors)or direct thrombin inhibitors to control often associated with cardioembolic stroke risk.The prevalence of both CAA and AF is expected to rise,due to the aging of the population.This clinical dilemma is becoming increasingly common.In patients with coexisting AF and CAA,the risks/benefits profile of anticoagulant therapy must be assessed for each patient individually due to the lack of a clear-cut consensus with regard to its risks in scientific literature.This review aims to provide an overview of the management of patients with concomitant AF and CAA and proposes the implementation of a risk-based decision-making algorithm.

关键词： Anticoagulation Atrial fibrillation Cerebral amyloid angiopathy Intracerebral hemorrhage Stroke Watchman Secondary prevention Left atrial appendage closure

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Photoionisation detection of a single Er3+ ion with sub-100-ns time resolution

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 38-45页

作者： Yangbo Zhang Wenda Fan Jiliang Yang Hao Guan Qi Zhang Xi Qin Changkui Duan gabriele G.de Boo Brett C.Johnson Jeffrey C.Mc Callum Matthew J.Sellars Sven Rogge Chunming Yin Jiangfeng Du CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of New South Wales Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Engineering RMIT University Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of Melbourne Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University

Efficient detection of single optical centres in solids is essential for quantum information processing, sensing and single-photon generation applications.In this work,we use radio-frequency（RF） reflectometry to electrically detect the photoionisation induced by a single Er3+ion in Si.The high bandwidth and sensitivity of the RF reflectometry provide sub-100-ns time resolution for the photoionisation detection.With this technique,the optically excited state lifetime of a single Er3+ion in a Si nano-transistor is measured for the first time to be 0.49±0.04μs.Our results demonstrate an efficient approach for detecting a charge state change induced by Er excitation and relaxation.This approach could be used for fast readout of other single optical centres in solids and is attractive for large-scale integrated optical quantum systems thanks to the multi-channel RF reflectometry demonstrated with frequency multiplexing techniques.

关键词： single optical centres erbium ions RF reflectometry photoionisation detection

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Telomerase and neurons:an unusual relationship

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2364-2367页

作者： gabriele Saretzki Biomedical Sciences Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK

Most people associate the enzyme telomerase with its role in maintaining telomeres,which is its best-known canonical role.For this important function,two main components are required:the protein telomerase reve rse transcriptase(TERT)and the telomerase RNA component.In addition,over the last decades,an ever-growing number of othe r,non-telomeric,non-canonical functions for the telomerase protein TERT has been established.These reach from tumor promotion to decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as activating autophagy.These functions are more and more recognized as being important in many tissues and physiological as well as pathological conditions.The role of telomerase in brain development and neuronal cells has been investigated for more than 20 years.However,the non-telomeric role in non-dividing neurons of the brain for telomerase and the TERT-protein has only recently been highlighted by extensive research.Moreover,these developments promoted the suggestion of a beneficial and protective role of TERT against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.This review summarizes the most important findings in the field of telomerase in neuro ns and gives an outlook onto possible therapeutic applications of boosting telomerase/TERT levels with telomerase activators to prevent or ameliorate various neurodegene rative diseases.

关键词： autophagy brain neurons neurodegeneration telomerase TERT protein

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View on microRNAs as a potential tool to fight blindness: focus on Müller glia and gliosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1501-1502页

作者： Stefanie gabriele Wohl The State University of New York College of OptometryDepartment of Biological and Vision SciencesNew YorkNYUSA

The neural retina is a part of the central nervous system.As it lacks regenerative capacity,in an event of injury or disease,neuronal loss leads to visual impairment and often to blindness.Moreover,Müller glia(MG),the predominant glia in the retina,undergo a variety of molecular and cellular changes and discontinue to carry out their important regular functions in the tissue(e.g.,maintaining tissue homeostasis and nurturing neurons).

关键词： homeostasis predominant carry

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Controlled location of S vacancies in MoS_(2) nanosheets for high-performance hydrogenation of CO_(2) to methanol

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第1期31卷 113-115,I0004页

作者： gabriele Centi Dept.ChiBioFarAm University of MessinaItaly and ERIC Aisbl.BrusselsBelgium

Introduction In a joint contribution among many Chinese research Institutes,a recent paper published on Nature Catalysis reported the use of sulfur vacancy-rich MoS_(2)as a novel catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO_(2)to methanol[1].A commentary on this paper was also published on the same journal[2]reporting as a summary:"Highly active,selective and stable catalysts for the hydrogenation ofC0_(2)to methanol are immensely sought after.Now,using a broad range of spectroscopic methods,in-plane double sulfur vacancies of MoS_(2)sheets have been suggested to catalyse this reaction using an unusual mechanism".

关键词： CO_(2) Methanol MOS_(2)nanosheet In-plane S vacancies

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