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Emerging glacier forelands alter carbon dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第09期 2871-2875页

作者： gao tanguang ZHANG Yulan MEADOWS Michael Edward College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geography and Ocean Sciences Nanjing University Department of Environmental & Geographical Science University of Cape Town

The critical challenge of ongoing climate warming is resulting in glacier melting globally, a process accompanied by the formation of substantial glacier forelands. This phenomenon emerges as a pivotal area of study, especially in the Tibetan Plateau(TP), known as the Third Pole and the Asian Water Tower. In particular, the rapid retreat of temperate glaciers in the southeastern TP has led to the formation of expansive glacier forelands. These forelands are not merely evidence of climate shifts but are also key areas for transformative carbon dynamics. Moreover, the newly exposed land surface actively adjusts the balance of dissolved organic carbon, especially in meltwater, and influences the release of greenhouse gases from a range of sources including glacial lakes, subglacial sediments, and supraglacial/proglacial rivers. These processes play a crucial role in the dynamics of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Drawing from our intensive and detailed observations over several years, this perspective not only emphasizes the importance of the underexplored impact of glacier forelands on carbon cycles but also opens a window into understanding potential future trajectories in a warming world.

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北极地区热融湖塘甲烷排放特征及影响因素

冰川冻土 2024年第2期46卷 457-474页

作者：刘治银张玉兰康世昌付佳星高坛光中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 兰州大学资源环境学院甘肃兰州730000 中国科学院大学北京100049

北极地区显著升温导致多年冻土快速退化,进而发育形成大量热融湖塘,是温室气体排放热点。通过对1992—2023年2月北极热融湖塘甲烷(CH_(4))研究结果的整合梳理,本研究系统揭示了北极地区热融湖塘CH_(4)排放特征、热融湖塘的CH_(4)循环过... 详细信息

北极地区显著升温导致多年冻土快速退化,进而发育形成大量热融湖塘,是温室气体排放热点。通过对1992—2023年2月北极热融湖塘甲烷(CH_(4))研究结果的整合梳理,本研究系统揭示了北极地区热融湖塘CH_(4)排放特征、热融湖塘的CH_(4)循环过程以及微生物机制。结果显示:北极地区CH_(4)年平均排放通量约为(7.78±19.60)g CH_(4)·m^(-2)·a^(-1),不同区域存在显著差异,高排放区出现在东西伯利亚和阿拉斯加地区[(23.40±26.50)g CH_(4)·m^(-2)·a^(-1);(11.00±26.40)g CH_(4)·m^(-2)·a^(-1)]。冒泡排放是北极热融湖塘CH_(4)排放的主导途径,年排放通量约为(13.80±28.60)g CH_(4)·m^(-2)·a^(-1),占比可达52.02%。湖塘沉积物类型对热融湖塘CH_(4)排放具有重要影响,叶叨码冻土区的排放为(17.90±32.90)g CH_(4)·m^(-2)·a^(-1),是非叶叨码冻土区的3.24倍。同时,泥炭地热融湖塘CH_(4)的主要排放途径及变化存在一定的不确定性,其对气温升高的响应可能略不同于其他湖泊,对气候变化具有高度敏感性。热融湖塘扩张与排水的变化趋势以及CH_(4)产生过程与氧化过程对热融湖塘的CH_(4)排放潜力同样具有重要影响。目前,北极地区热融湖塘CH_(4)排放的系观测仍然存在诸多空白,尤其缺乏多种排放途径的联合观测,对CH_(4)微生物过程认识不足。该研究能够进一步加深对北极地区热融湖塘排放特征及具体排放机制的认识,为评估该地区热融湖塘CH_(4)排放潜力及其对气候变化的影响提供科学参考。

关键词：热融湖塘甲烷北极多年冻土气候变化

Response of Zhadang Glacier runoffin Nam Co Basin,Tibet,to changes in air temperature and precipitation form

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第20期55卷 2103-2110页

作者： ZHOU ShiQiao KANG ShiChang gao tanguang ZHANG GuoShuai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

This paper describes 2007/2008 inter-annual changes in runoff from the Zhadang Glacier located on the northern slope of Nyainqêntanglha Range,Tibet,and analyzes their *** increased by 17.9%in summer months of 2008 compared with the same period in 2007,drainage basin runoff decreased by 33.3%,and glacial meltwater decreased by 53.8%.Change in positive accumulated air temperature explained approximately half of the inter-annual difference in glacial meltwater using a degree-day *** suggests that the glacier is extremely sensitive to changes in air *** balance analysis showed that change in glacier surface albedo,considered to be caused by difference in precipitation form,resulted in the large inter-annual difference in glacial *** was shown statistically that precipitation form in the summer months of 2007 was mainly rainfall which comprised 71.5%of total precipitation,while during the same period in 2008 rainfall accounted for 30.7%,with the majority of precipitation falling as *** form should be considered an independent factor when analyzing glacier sensitivity to climate change or forecasting the runoff from certain glaciers.

关键词：降水形态冰川变化年径流量气温变化西藏纳木错盆地冰川融水

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微塑料和纳米塑料威胁青藏高原环境

Science Bulletin 2024年第5期69卷 589-592页

作者：张玉兰康世昌罗犀 Tanuj Shukla 高坛光 Deonie Allen Steve Allen Melanie Bergmann State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham 200003UK Ocean Frontiers Institute Dalhousie UniversityHalifax B3H 4R2Canada Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung Bremerhaven D-27515Germany University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Plastic pollution is a planetary level threat which affects Earth’s environment and *** the poles to deep ocean basins,the growth of plastic waste has already exceeded its *** projected increase of plastic production and waste generation over the coming years makes the situation even more *** after stagnation in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic,the global plastic production has also increased from 335 to 391 million metric tons(Mt)between 2016 and 2021(Fig.S1 online);yet currently post-consumer recycled and bio-based/attributed plastics only accounts~9%of the world’s plastic production[1].Statistically.

关键词：微塑料 attributed plastics

Black Carbon Size in Snow of Chinese Altai Mountain in Central Asia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第7期40卷 1199-1211页

作者： Yulan ZHANG Shichang KANG tanguang gao Michael SPRENGER Wei ZHANG Zhaoqing WANG State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science ETH ZurichCH-8092 ZurichSwitzerland College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Black carbon(BC)in snow plays an important role to accelerate snow ***,current studies mostly focused on BC concentrations,few on their size distributions in snow which affected BC’s effect on albedo *** we presented refractory BC(rBC)concentrations and size distributions in snow collected from Chinese Altai Mountains in Central Asia from November 2016 to April *** results revealed that the average rBC concentrations were 5.77 and2.82 ng g-1for the surface snow and sub-surface snow,which were relatively higher in the melting season(April)than that in winter(November-January).The mass median volume-equivalent diameter of rBC size in surface snow was approximately at 120-150 nm,which was typically smaller than that in the atmosphere(about 200 nm for urban atmosphere).However,there existed no specific mass median volume-equivalent diameter of BC size for sub-surface snow in *** during the melting season,the median mass size of rBC in sub-surface snow was similar to that in surface *** trajectories indicated that anthropogenic sourced BC dominated rBC in snow(70%-85%).This study will promote our understanding on BC size distributions in snow,and highlight the possible impact of BC size on climate effect.

关键词： black carbon snow cover snow melting Central Asia

Sink or source? Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from cryoconite holes, subglacial sediments, and proglacial river runoff during intensive glacier melting on the Tibetan Plateau

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Fundamental Research 2021年第3期1卷 232-239页

作者： Yulan Zhang Shichang Kang Da Wei Xi Luo Zhuangzhuang Wang tanguang gao State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

High Mountain Asia glaciers are currently ignored in the estimation of global greenhouse gas budgets (e.g., methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO_(2))). Similar to the Asian Water Tower and Third Pole, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) hosts the largest volume of glaciers outside the polar regions. These glaciers contain large reservoirs of organic carbon that can influence glacial ecosystems under rapid melting. However, no data exist on the current footprint of CH4 and CO_(2) from glaciers in the TP. Here, we report in situ observations of CH4 and CO_(2) fluxes for glacial cryoconite holes, subglacial sediments, and proglacial river runoff across the TP. Our results indicate that cryoconite holes and subglacial sediments can accelerate the export of greenhouse gasses during the melting season due to intensive glacier melting. However, to some extent, proglacial river runoff can be a significant sink of atmospheric CO_(2);this fact was not identified in previous studies. Our findings suggest that variations (source or sink) of greenhouse gasses from TP glacial basins should be considered in regional CH4 and CO_(2) budgets under climate warming.

关键词： Glacier Methane Carbon dioxide Climate change Tibetan Plateau

Estimating interaction between surface water and groundwater in a permafrost region of the northern Tibetan Plateau using heat tracing method

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2020年第2期12卷 71-82页

作者： tanguang gao Jie Liu TingJun Zhang ShiChang Kang ChuanKun Liu ShuFa Wang Mika Sillanpaa YuLan Zhang Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China Institute of Water Sciences College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Florida International University Miami FL 33199USA

Understanding the interaction between groundwater and surface water in permafrost regions is essential to study flood frequencies and river water quality, especially in the high latitude/altitude basins. The application of heat tracing method,based on oscillating streambed temperature signals, is a promising geophysical method for identifying and quantifying the interaction between groundwater and surface water. Analytical analysis based on a one-dimensional convective-conductive heat transport equation combined with the fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing method was applied on a streambed of a mountainous permafrost region in the Yeniugou Basin, located in the upper Heihe River on the northern Tibetan Plateau. The results indicated that low connectivity existed between the stream and groundwater in permafrost *** interaction between surface water and groundwater increased with the thawing of the active layer. This study demonstrates that the heat tracing method can be applied to study surface water-groundwater interaction over temporal and spatial scales in permafrost regions.

关键词： surface water groundwater permafrost heat tracing method Tibetan Plateau

Cryosphere as a temporal sink and source of microplastics in the Arcticregion

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 187-199页

作者： Yulan Zhang tanguang gao Shichang Kang Deonie Allen Zhaoqing Wang Xi Luo Ling Yang Jinlei Chen Zhaofu Hu Pengfei Chen Wentao Du Steve Allen State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK School for Resource and Environmental Studies Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova Scotia B3H 4R2Canada University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Microplastics(MPs)pollution has become a serious environmental issue of growing global concern due to the increasing plastic production and *** climate warming,the cryosphere,defined as the part of Earth’s layer characterized by the low temperatures and the presence of frozen water,has been experiencing significant *** Arctic cryosphere(e.g.,sea ice,snow cover,Greenland ice sheet,permafrost)can store and release pollutants into environments,making Arctic an important temporal sink and source of ***,we summarized the distributions of MPs in Arctic snow,sea ice,seawater,rivers,and sediments,to illustrate their potential sources,transport pathways,storage and release,and possible effects in this sentinel *** concentrations of MPs in snow and ice varied about 1-6 orders of magnitude in different regions,which were mostly attributed to the different sampling and measurement methods,and potential sources of *** concentrations from Arctic seawater,river/lake water,and sediments also fluctuated largely,ranging from several items of per unit to>40,000 items m^(-3),100 items m^(-3),and 10,000 items kg^(-1) dw,*** land snow cover can be a temporal storage of MPs,with MPs deposition flux of about(4.9-14.26)×10^(8) items km^(-2) yr^(-1).MPs transported by rivers to Arctic ocean was estimated to be approximately 8-48 ton/yr,with discharge flux of MPs at about(1.65-9.35)×10^(8) items/*** storage of MPs in sea ice was estimated to be about 6.1×10^(18) items,with annual release of about 5.1×10^(18) *** transport of MPs from long-distance terrestrial sources contributed significantly to MPs deposition in Arctic land snow cover,sea ice and oceanic surface *** Great Rivers can flow MPs into the Arctic *** ice can temporally store,transport and then release MPs in the surrounded *** currents from the Atlantic brought high concentrations of MPs into the ***,there existed large u

关键词： Microplastics Arctic Sea ice Snow Seawater Sediments

Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Microparticles in Snowpits on the Tibetan Plateau, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2010年第1期7卷 15-25页

作者： ZHANG Yulana KANG Shichang ZHANG Qianggong CONG Zhiyuan ZHANG Yongjun gao tanguang Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences ChineseAcademy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The work presents microparticle concentrations in snowpits from the East Rongbuk Glacier on Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) (ER) (28.02°N, 86.96°E, 6536 m a.s.l.), the Zhadang Glacier on Mt. Nyainqentanglha (NQ) (30.47°N, 90.65°E, 5800m a.s.l.), and the Guoqu Glacier on Mt. Geladaindong (GL) (33.95°N, 91.28°E, 5823m a.s.l.) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Variations of microparticle and major ions (e.g. Mg2+, Ca2+) concentrations in snowpits show that the values of the microparticles and ions in the non-monsoon seasons are much higher than those in the monsoon seasons. Annual flux of microparticle deposition at ER is lower than those at NQ and GL, which could be attributed to the long distance away from the possible dust source regions as well as the elevation for ER higher than the others. Compared with other remote areas, microparticle concentrations in the southern TP are much lower than those in the northern TP, but still much higher than those in Greenland and Antarctica. The seasonal and spatial microparticle variations are clearly related to the variations of atmospheric circulation according to the air mass 5-day backward trajectory analyses of HYSPLIT Model. Resultingly, the high microparticle values in snow are mainly attributed to the westerlies and the strong dust storm outbreaks on the TP, while the monsoon circulation brings great amount of precipitation from the Indian Ocean, thus reducing in the aerosol concentrations.

关键词： Microparticle seasonal change spatialvariation snowpits Tibetan Plateau