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Prenatal multiple micronutrient-fortified balanced energy-protein supplementation and newborn telomere length and mitochondrial DNA content: a randomized controlled efficacy trial in rural Burkina Faso

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： g.les t.hanley-cook Yuri Bastos-Moreira Dries S.Martens trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg Laeticia Celine toe Brenda de Kok Lionel Ouédraogo Alemayehu Argaw Kokeb tesfamariam Patrick Kolsteren Lieven Huybregts tim S.Nawrot Sarah De Saeger Marthe De Boevre Carl Lachat Department of Food technology， Safety and Health， Faculty of Bioscience Engineering， ghent University Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health， MYtOXSOUtH~(?) Coordination Unit， Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences， ghent University Centre for Environmental Sciences， Hasselt University Unité Nutrition et Maladies Métaboliques， Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Centre Muraz Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health， MYtOXSOUtH? Coordination Unit， Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences， ghent University Nutrition， Diets， and Health Unit， Department of Food and Nutrition Policy， International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Department of Public Health & Primary Care， University of Leuven Department of Biotechnology and Food technology， Faculty of Science， University of Johannesburg， Doornfontein Campus

Background: Evidence regarding the effectiveness of prenatal nutritional supplements has mainly considered anthropometric pregnancy outcomes. the effect on markers of health and disease， such as offspring telomere length (tL) and mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNAc) is unknown. Objectives: We assessed the efficacy of maternal multiple micronutrient (MMN)-fortified balanced-energy protein (BEP) and iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation on newborn tL as a secondary outcome and mtDNAc as a non-declared outcome. Design: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso， among pregnant females (15-40 years old) enrolled at gestation. Mothers received either MMN-fortified BEP and IFA (intervention) or IFA only (control) throughout pregnancy. Whole arterial blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord of 104 control and 90 intervention group infants， respectively. Average relative tL and mtDNAc were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Linear regression models were fitted to assess tL and mtDNAc differences across trial arms. Results: We found that a combined daily MMN-fortified BEP supplement and IFA tablet did not affect newborn tL [β = -0.010 (95% CI: -0.057， 0.036); P = 0.662] or mtDNAc [β = 0.065 (95% CI: -0.203， 0.073); P = 0.354]， as compared to an IFA tablet alone. these findings were confirmed (P > 0.05) by adjusting the regression models for potential prognostic factors of study outcomes at enrollment. Exploratory analyses indicated higher， but non-significantly different mtDNAc among children born either small-for-gestational age， low birthweight， or preterm. Conclusions: Newborns from mothers who received daily nutritional supplements across gestation did not have different relative tL or mtDNAc.

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Climate variation, reproductive frequency and acorn yield in English Oaks

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第3期12卷 542-549页

作者： Mick E.hanley Benjamin I.cook Michael Fenner School of Biological and Marine Sciences University of PlymouthPlymouthUK NASA goddard Institute for Space Studies New YorkNYUSA Ocean and Climate Physics Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryPalisadesNYUSA Centre for Biological Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

Aims Annually variable but synchronous production of large seed crops(‘masting’)is a widespread phenomenon in temperate *** concerns about the impacts of anthropogenic climate change(ACC)on plant reproduction gives urgency to our need to understand better the role of climate on tree reproduction,and in particular,mast *** our understanding of reproductive phenology however,there is little consensus regarding how climate affects plant reproductive effort or indeed the actual environmental triggers that underpin masting *** We used a 27-year record of acorn yield from a population of 12 Quercus robur trees located in southern England to compare mast-ing frequency and post-dispersal acorn yield each year for each tree,with long-term weather data over the same *** focussed on discrete or sequential climate cues(temperature,precipitation and frost days)as likely predictors of oak *** Findings Annual post-dispersal acorn crop varied greatly;*** acorns in 14 of the 27 years,but there was no sequential pattern of crop ver-sus non-crop years indicating that weather,rather than resource limitation alone,dictated the timing of *** years were instead most closely associated with relatively cool late sum-mer conditions in the preceding year,followed by anomalous sum-mer warmth within crop *** yield increased following dry April and above-average May and June temperatures within crop *** our results support a general association between warm late spring and summer conditions,and crop frequency and yield,respectively,the influence of cooler later summer conditions in the year prior to masting highlights how a combination of weather cues may dictate the occurrence of mast ***,our results corroborate not only the hypothesis that temperature differ-entials between consecutive years,not absolute temperatures,may be the better predictor of mast seeding events but lend support al

关键词： anthropogenic climate change environmental veto Moran effect Quercus robur reproductive effort

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