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Technical and conceptual considerations forusing animated stimuli in studies of animalbehavior

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 5-19页

作者： laura CHOUINARD-THUlY Stefanie gIERSZEWSKI g.l g. rosenthal Simon M. READER guillaume RIEUCAU Kevin l. Woo Robert gERlAI Cynthia TEDORE Spencer J. INglEY John R. STOWERS Joachim g.FROMMENI Francine l. DOlINS Klaudia WITTE Department of Biologv McGill University 1205 Docteur Penfield Montreal Quebec Canada H3A 1B1 Research group of Ecology and Behavioral Biology Institute of Biology University of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2 Siegen 57068 Germany Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Texas A&M University 3258 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA Centro de Investigaciones Cientfficas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca" Calnali Hidalgo Mexico Departmentof Biological Sciences Florida International University 3000 Northeast 151 Street North Miami FL 33181 USA SUNY Empire State College Metropolitan Center 325 Hudson Street New York NY 10013-1005 USA Departmentof Psychology University of Toronto Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road Mississauga Ontario Canada L5L 1C6 lund Vision group Department of Biology Lund University SSIvegatan 35 Lund 22362 Sweden Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB#3280 Coker Hall Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Research Institute of Molecular Pathology IMP Vienna Biocenter VBC Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7 Vienna 1030 Austria loopbiogmbh Hauptstrasse 93 Kritzendorf 3420 Austria Department of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50a Hinterkappelen 3032 Switzerland Department of Behavioral Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn 4901 Evergreen Road Dearborn MI 48128 USA

Rapid technical advances in the field of computeropened new avenues in animal behavior research.animation （CA） and virtual reality （VR） haveAnimated stimuli are powerful tools as theyoffer standardization, repeatability, and complete control over the stimulus presented, thereby＂reducing＂ and ＂replacing＂ the animals used, and ＂refining＂ the experimental design in line withthe 3Rs. However, appropriate use of these technologies raises conceptual and technical questions.In this review, we offer guidelines for common technical and conceptual considerations related tothe use of animated stimuli in animal behavior research. Following the steps required to create ananimated stimulus, we discuss （I） the creation, （11） the presentation, and （111） the validation of CAsand VRs. Although our review is geared toward computer-graphically designed stimuli, consider-ations on presentation and validation also apply to video playbacks. CA and VR allow both new be-havioral questions to be addressed and existing questions to be addressed in new ways, thus weexpect a rich future for these methods in both ultimate and proximate studies of animal behavior.

关键词： animal behavior, animated stimulus, computer animation, experimental design, virtual reality, visual communication.

Acute Care/Trauma Surgeon＇s role in obstetrical/ gynecologic emergencies (The OBCAT Alert)

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第4期7卷 274-277页

作者： Seong K. lee Eddy H. Carrillo Andrew rosenthal Rafael Sanchez Chauniqua Kiffin Dafney l. Davare Division of Acute Care Surgery and Trauma Memorial Regional Hospital Hollywood FL 33021 USA

BACKgROUND:Overwhelming hemorrhage or other intra-abdominal complications may be associated with obstetrical or gynecologic(OB/gYN) procedures and may require the surgical training of an Acute Care/Trauma Surgeon.The OB Critical Assessment Team(OBCAT Alert) was developed at our institution to facilitate a multidisciplinary response to complex OB/gYN cases.We sought to review and characterize the Acute Care/Trauma Surgeon's role in these cases.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective review of all emergency consults during an OB/gYN case at our institution from 2008 to 2015.An OBCAT is a hospital based alert system designed to immediately notify OB/gYN,anesthesiology,Acute Care/Trauma,the intensive care unit(ICU),and the blood bank of a potential emergency during an OB/gYN case.RESUlTS:There were 7±3 OBCAT alerts/year.Seventeen patients required Acute Care/Trauma surgery intervention for hemorrhage.Thirteen patients required damage control packing during their hospitalization.Blood loss averaged 6.8±5.5 l and patients received a total of 21±14units during deliveries with hemorrhage.There were 17 other surgical interventions not related to hemorrhage;seven of these cases were related to adhesions or intestinal injury.Seven additional cases required evaluation post routine OB/gYN procedure;the most common reason was for severe wound complications.There were three deaths during this study period.CONClUSION:Emergency OB/gYN cases are associated with high morbidity and may require damage control or other surgical techniques in cases of overwhelming hemorrhage.Acute Care/Trauma Surgeons have a key role in the treatment of these complex cases.

关键词： Obstetric hemorrhage Postpartum hemorrhage Damage control packing Acute care surgery OBCAT

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智利埃尔·特尼恩特矿的矿块崩落法

有色矿山 1992年第2期21卷 1-13页

作者： R.Kvapil l.Baeza J.rosenthal g.Flores 张小并

埃尔·特尼恩特矿目前日产约10万 t 铜钼矿石,是世界上最大的应用矿块崩落法的矿山。矿床赋存于原岩应力很高的区域内,随着软弱次生矿的采完,开采正朝深部硬岩延伸.这就对新开采水平的设计提出一些特殊的问题,特别是岩爆灾害.在某区,197... 详细信息

埃尔·特尼恩特矿目前日产约10万 t 铜钼矿石,是世界上最大的应用矿块崩落法的矿山。矿床赋存于原岩应力很高的区域内,随着软弱次生矿的采完,开采正朝深部硬岩延伸.这就对新开采水平的设计提出一些特殊的问题,特别是岩爆灾害.在某区,1976至1980年间发生了一系列岩爆,致使2346m 水平的生产不得不放弃;若干年后又恢复生产,1987年12月在该水平下12m 处又遭到一次岩爆,摧毁面积达18000m^2.岩爆是由矿柱载荷由压变剪而产生的,因而应加大矿柱的厚度。对放矿点间距的加大进行了分析,结果表明:加大间距还将改善成本效果,因为在连续崩落中产生的不均匀料流有利于放矿点数的减少.但是最省钱的特点是矿块高度加大到260～300m,这既加大了矿石在重力流动过程中的破碎,又取消了一个中间开采水平,可节省4亿多美元.另外,本文对矿柱和巷道加固的选择也重新进行了评价。

关键词：铜矿钼矿矿块崩落法采矿

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剖腹产术

中华妇产科杂志 1954年第3期02卷 227-232页

作者： C.A.gordon A.H.rosenthal J.l.O’leary 屈炳权

孕妇之主要死亡原因为出血,妊娠中毒症,麻醉,心脏病及感染,这些原因很多是与剖腹产术有连带关系的。虽然如此,但若手术之指徵能合理的衡量,进行时非常当心,手术前后又有应有之护理,那么,死亡率便能非常之低。剖腹产术一词不得用於因后...

孕妇之主要死亡原因为出血,妊娠中毒症,麻醉,心脏病及感染,这些原因很多是与剖腹产术有连带关系的。虽然如此,但若手术之指徵能合理的衡量,进行时非常当心,手术前后又有应有之护理,那么,死亡率便能非常之低。剖腹产术一词不得用於因后期腹腔妊娠而行之

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Factors associated with DAA virological treatment failure and resistance-associated substitutions description in HIV/HCV coinfected patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第11期10卷 856-866页

作者： Dominique Salmon Pascale Trimoulet Camille g.lbert Caroline Solas Eva lafourcade Julie Chas lionel Piroth Karine lacombe Christine Katlama g.lles Peytavin Hugues Aumaitre laurent Alric Franoois Boué Philippe Morlat Isabelle Poizot-Martin Eric Billaud Eric rosenthal Alissa Naqvi Patrick Miailhes Firouzé Bani-Sadr laure Esterle Patrizia Carrieri Franoois Dabis Philippe Sogni linda Wittkop 无 Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris Hopitaux Universitaires Paris CentreHopital Hotel DieuUnitédes Maladies infectieuses et tropicalesParis 75004France Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris CitéParis 75006France Trimoulet CHU de BordeauxHopital PellegrinLaboratoire de VirologieBordeaux 33000France Trimoulet CNRS-UMR 5234Microbiologie fondamentale et PathogénicitéUniversitéde BordeauxBordeaux 3000France Philippe Morlat Laure EsterleFrancois DabisLinda WittkopUniv.BordeauxISPEDInsermBordeaux Population Health Research Centerteam MORPH3EUSUMR 1219CIC-EC 1401Bordeaux F-33000France APHM Hopital La TimoneLaboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et ToxicologieMarseille 13005France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon Département d'InfectiologieDijon cedex 21079France INSERM-CIC 1342 Universitéde Bourgogne Dijon 21000France Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris GHUEP site Saint-AntoineServices Maladies infectieuses et tropicalesParis 75011France UniversitéPierre et Marie Curie UMR S1136Institut Pierre Louis d' Epidémiologie et de SantéPubliqueParis 75646France UniversitéParis-Sorbonne Paris 75005France Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris Hopital PitiéSalpêtrière Services Maladies infectieuses et tropicalesParis 75013France Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris Hopital Bichat-Claude BernardLaboratoire de PharmacologieParis 75877France IAME UMR 1137Sorbonne Paris CitéINSERMUniversitéParis DiderotParis 75890France Centre Hospitalier de Perpignan Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicalesPerpignan 66000Franc Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse Hopital PurpanService Médecine interne-Pole DigestifToulouse 31300France UMR 152 IRD UniversitéToulouseⅢ Paul SabatierToulouse 31330France Hopital Antoine-Béclère Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de ParisUniversitéParis SudService Médecine interne et immunologieClamart 92140France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux Service de médecine interneHopital Saint-AndréBordeaux 33000France Uni

AIM To describe factors associated with treatment failure and frequency of resistance-associated substitutions(RAS).METHODS Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/hepatitis C virus(HCV) coinfected patients starting a first direct-acting antiviral(DAA) regimen before February 2016 and included in the French ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort were eligible. Failure was defined as:(1) non-response [HCV-RNA remained detectable during treatment, at end of treatment(EOT)]; and(2) relapse(HCVRNA suppressed at EOT but detectable thereafter). Sequencing analysis was performed to describe prevalence of drug class-specific RAS. Factors associated with failure were determined using.logistic regression models.RESUlTS Among 559 patients, 77% had suppressed plasma HIV-RNA l at DAA treatment initiation, 41% were cirrhotic, and 68% were HCV treatmentexperienced. Virological treatment failures occurred in 22 patients and were mainly relapses(17, 77%) then undefined failures(3, 14%) and non-responses(2, 9%). Mean treatment duration was 16 wk overall. Posttreatment NS3, NS5 A or NS5 B RAS were detected in 10/14 patients with samples available for sequencing analysis. After adjustment for age, sex, ribavirin use, HCV genotype and treatment duration, low platelet count was the only factor significantly associated with a higher risk of failure(OR: 6.5; 95%CI: 1.8-22.6). CONClUSION Only 3.9% HIV-HCV coinfected patients failed DAA regimens and RAS were found in 70% of those failing. low platelet count was independently associated with virological failure.

关键词：耐药性治疗方法患者肝病

课堂中的皮格马利翁教师期望与学生智力发展第2版 2版

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Antiviral therapy and resistance with hepatitis B virus infection

2003年

作者：（美）罗森塔尔（R.rosenthal）（美）雅各布森（l.Jacobson）唐晓杰崔允漷译

本书作者将教师比喻为课堂中的皮格马利翁，形象说明了学生的智力发展具有的巨大潜能，教师对学生的期望越高，学生智力发展的可能性就越大。

ISBN: (纸本)7107166921

本书作者将教师比喻为课堂中的皮格马利翁，形象说明了学生的智力发展具有的巨大潜能，教师对学生的期望越高，学生智力发展的可能性就越大。

关键词：研究教育管理学

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2007年第1期13卷 125-140页

作者： Hans l Tillmann University of leipzig Philipp-Rosenthal Street 27 Leipzig 04103 Germany

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still the most com- mon cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrho- sis world wide. Recently, however, there has been quite dramatic improvement in the understanding of HBV as- sociated liver disease and its treatment. It has become clear that high viral replication is a major risk factor for the development of both cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Early studies have shown lamivudine low- ers the risk of HBV associated complications. There are currently three nucleos(t)ides licensed, in addition to interferon, and there are more drugs coming to the mar- ket soon. Interferon or its peg.lated counterpart are still the only options for treatment with defined end points, while nucleos(t)ides therapy is used mostly for long term treatment. Combination therapies have not been shown to be superior to monotherapy in na?ve patients, how- ever, the outcome depends on how the end point is de- fined. Interferon plus lamivudine achieves a higher viral suppression than either treatment alone, even though Hbe-seroconversion was not different after a one year treatment. HBV-genotypes emerge as relevant factors, with genotypes "A" and "B" responding relatively well to interferon, achieving up to 20% HBsAg clearance in the case of genotype "A". In addition to having a defined treatment duration, interferon has the advantage of lack- ing resistance selection, which is a major drawback for lamivudine and the other nucleos(t)ides. The emergence of resistance against adefovir and entecavir is some- what slower in na?ve compared to lamivudine resistant patients. Adefovir has a low resistance profile with 3%, 9%, 18%, and 28% after 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, respec- tively, while entecavir has rarely produced resistance in na?ve patients for up to 3 years.

关键词：乙型病毒肝炎治疗临床病毒感染

镍钛合金加压吻合技术应用于腹腔镜胃肠吻合的临床研究

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中华胃肠外科杂志 2008年第3期11卷 228-230页

作者：李心翔郑成竹印慨蔡景理 rosenthal Raul J 第二军医大学长海医院微创外科上海200433 美国Cleveland Clinic Florida微创中心

目的评价一种新型的腹腔镜镍钛记忆合金加压吻合夹（lapCAC）进行胃肠吻合的安全性及有效性。方法2007年3月，对l例行全胃切除术和2例行远端胃大部切除术的胃癌患者，使用lapCAC进行Roux－en－Y空肠－空肠侧侧吻合和胃肠吻合；术后观察... 详细信息

目的评价一种新型的腹腔镜镍钛记忆合金加压吻合夹（lapCAC）进行胃肠吻合的安全性及有效性。方法2007年3月，对l例行全胃切除术和2例行远端胃大部切除术的胃癌患者，使用lapCAC进行Roux－en－Y空肠－空肠侧侧吻合和胃肠吻合；术后观察有无发生与胃肠吻合相关的并发症，并观察肠道恢复排气时间及lapCAC的排出时间。结果患者术后均未出现与吻合相关的吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄及肠梗阻等并发症，术后肠道排气、排便均无异常。lapCAC均于术后12～18d排出体外。结论应用lapCAC进行腹腔镜胃肠吻合安全、可靠。

关键词：胃肿瘤胃肠吻合术腹腔镜加压吻合夹

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纪录影片及数字视频编导与制作 5版