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The storage and utilization of carbohydrates in response to elevation mediated by tree organs in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 52-61页

作者： Bin Xu Xueli Jiang Yingying Zong g.geoff wang Fusheng Chen Zhenyu Zhao Xiangmin Fang Key Laboratory of National Forestry and grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed College of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang330045China Jiulianshan National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem College of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang330045China Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA

global climate change can affect tree growth and carbon sink function by influencing plant carbohydrate synthesis and utilization,while elevation can be used as an ideal setting under natural conditions to simulate climate change *** effect of elevation on tree growth may depend on organ ***,the allocation patterns of nonstructural and structural carbohydrates(NSCs and SCs,respectively)in different tree organs and their response to elevation remain *** selected four dominant tree species,Schima superba,Castanopsis eyrei,Castanopsis fargesii and Michelia maudiae,along an elevation gradient from 609 to 1,207 m in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests and analyzed leaf,trunk,and fine root NSCs,carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)concentrations and the relative abundance of *** NSCs increased initially and then decreased,and trunk NSCs increased with increasing ***,root NSCs decreased with increasing *** relative abundance of SCs in leaves and trunks decreased,while the relative abundance of root SCs increased with increasing *** significant correlations between SCs and NSCs in leaves were detected,while there were negative correlations between SCs and NSCs in trunks,roots,and all *** partitioning analysis indicated that plant C/N and C/P were the main predictors of changes in SCs and *** results suggest that tree organs have divergent responses to elevation and that increasing elevation will inhibit the aboveground part growth and enhance the root growth of trees.A tradeoff between the C distribution used for growth and storage was confirmed along the elevation gradient,which is mainly manifested in the"sink"organs of *** results provide insight into tree growth in the context of global climate change scenarios in subtropical forest ecosystems.

关键词： Nonstructural carbohydrates Structural carbohydrates Elevation Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests Tree organs

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Cascading effect of source limitation on the granivore-mediated seed dispersal of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)in secondary forest ecosystems

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 1-13页

作者： Jing wang g.geoff wang Rong Li Yirong Sun Lizhong Yu Jiaojun Zhu Qiaoling Yan CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyShenyang 110016China Qingyuan Forest CERN Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA.

Background:granivore-mediated seed dispersal is susceptible to changes in seed availability and silvicultural management,which alters synzoochorous interactions in the antagonism-mutualism continuum and affects the seed dispersal effectiveness(SDE),and eventually,the plant *** conducted a whole-year study of seed addi-tion to quantify the granivores-Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)synzoochorous interactions and the SDE in the same sec-ondary forests with two *** treatments had seed source limitations:one was caused by the disappear-ance of Korean pine due to the historical disturbance,the other by pinecone harvesting in Korean pine plantations adjacent to the secondary *** with different intensities(control,25%,and 50%)were also performed to further explore the synzoochorous interactions and SDE in response to silvicultural management in the second type of ***:Source limitation increased the proportion of pre-and post-dispersal seed predation,and made the granivores-Korean pine interaction shift more towards antagonism,with the estimated SDE of 2.31 and 3.60,respec-tively,for the secondary forests without and with Korean *** with different intensities did not alleviate the reactions towards antagonism but altered SDE;granivores occurrence decreased,but the proportion of pre-and post-dispersal seed predation increased,resulting in a fivefold decreased seedling recruitment in 25%thinning(the lowest SDE of 0.26).Conclusion:The source limitation coupling thinning biased the synzoochorous interactions more towards antago-nism and significantly lowered granivore-mediated SDE,which limited the successful recruitment of Korean pine in secondary *** managers should control pinecone harvesting,protect the synzoochorous interaction,and take into account masting event for Korean pine regeneration in the future.

关键词： Human disturbance Thinning treatment Synzoochorous interaction Forest restoration

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A large carbon sink induced by the implementation of the largest afforestation program on Earth

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Ecological Processes 2023年第3期12卷 162-171页

作者： Jiaojun Zhu Yirong Sun Xiao Zheng Kai Yang g.geoff wang Chaozong Xia Tao Sun Jinxin Zhang Qingyuan Forest CERN CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Non-Commercial Forests Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson University Academy of Forestry-grassland Inventory and Planning

Background Three-North Afforestation Program（TNAP） in China is the largest ecological restoration project on Earth（ongoing from 1978 to 2050）, harboring a huge area of newly planted forests, which provides a wealth of goods and ecosystem services that benefit society at levels ranging from region to East Asia. This project-induced carbon（C） sink has been expected to be large, but its size and location remain *** In this study, we investigated the changes in the C stocks of biomass, soil C and the C accumulation benefited from the ecological effects in the project areas from 1978 to 2017 within the Three-North regions（4.069 × 10～6 km2）, and evaluated its project-induced C sequestration. Using a combination of remote sensing images, field observations and national forest inventory data, we estimated a total ecosystem sink of 47.06 Tg C per year(1 Tg = 1012g) increased by the TNAP implementation. Importantly, we first found that the C sink via the ecological effects of this project could contribute to a high proportion up to 15.94%, indicating a critical role of ecological effects in shaping the distribution of C stocks in the protective forests. This finding suggests that it is necessary to explicitly consider carbon sequestration benefited from the ecological effects when estimating C sink and parameterizing C models of the restoration projects in China and *** Our results update the estimates of C pools in the world's largest ecological restoration project area, demonstrating that this project has substantially contributed to mitigating the climate change.

关键词： Three-North Afforestation Program Carbon sequestration Ecological restoration Carbon sequestration benefited from the ecological effects

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Dendroclimatic response of Picea jezoensis along an altitudinal gradient in Changbai Mountains

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中国科学：技术科学英文版 2006年第Z1期49卷 150-159页

作者： g.geoff wang Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Clemson UniversityClemsonSouth Carolina 29634-0317USA

We investigated the effects of climate on Yeddo spruce (Picea jezoensis)radial growth along altitudinal gradients in the subalpine forests of Changbai Mountains using dendroclimatic analyses. Yeddo spruce at its lower and upper distribution limits was more sensitive to the climate. Despite precipitation being generally considered sufficient, we found that precipitation significantly affected Yeddo spruce radial growth. Yeddo spruce at its lower distribution limit was much more affected by precipitation while Yeddo spruce at its upper distribution limit was much more affected by minimum temperature. Yeddo spruce at its medial altitude was affected by sunshine ratio. These results demonstrated that climate affected Yeddo spruce growth differently depending on its altitudinal distributions in the Changbai Mountains. Both temperature and precipitation in the annualization period significantly correlated with Yeddo spruce radial growth. However, warmer signals were not reflected in radial growth trend during the past 20 years because annual total precipitation declined during the same period. It appeared that the climate affected tree rings growth by altering soil moisture availability.

关键词： dendrochronology, Yeddo spruce (Piceajezoensis), altitude gradient, Changbai Mountains.

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The effects of stump size and within-gap position on sprout non-structural carbohydrates concentrations and regeneration in forest gaps vary among species with different shade tolerances

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 337-350页

作者： Ting Zhang Qiaoling Yan g.geoff wang Jiaojun Zhu CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyShenyang 110016China Qingyuan Forest CERN Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA

Background:To restore secondary forests(major forest resources worldwide),it is essential to accelerate the natural regeneration of dominant trees by altering *** gaps are products of various disturbances,ranging from natural storms or wildfires to anthropogenic events like logging and slashing-andburning,and sprouts of most tree species with non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)storage can regenerate from stumps after gap ***,how the stump sprouts with diverse NSCs storages and stump sizes(i.e.,diameters)adapt to various micro-environments of within-gap positions remains *** in this study,we monitored the stump sprout regeneration(density,survival,and growth)and NSCs concentrations of three dominant tree species with different shade tolerances and varying stump diameters at five within-gap positions for the first two consecutive years after gap ***:Stump diameter was positively correlated with sprout density,growth,and survival of all three tree species,but insignificantly related with sprout NSCs concentrations at the early stage after gap *** effect of within-gap position on sprout NSCs concentrations was different among *** an environmental adaptation of two growing seasons,the north of gap(higher light availability and lower soil moisture habitat)was the least conducive for shade-intolerant Quercus mongolica to accumulate leaf NSCs,and the east of gap(shadier and drier habitat)was conducive to increasing the leaf NSCs concentrations of shade-tolerant Tilia ***:Within-gap position significantly affected leaf NSCs concentrations of all three tree species,but most of the sprout growth,survival,and stem NSCs concentrations were independent of the various within-gap *** stump diameter,the NSCs stored in stump and root systems and the interspecific differences in shade tolerance also contributed more in sprout regeneration at the early stage(2 years)of g

关键词： Non-structural carbohydrates Sprout regeneration Sprout growth Sprout survival Within-gap position Stump size

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A large carbon sink induced by the implementation of the largest afforestation program on Earth

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Ecological Processes 2023年 598-607页

Background Three-North Afforestation Program（TNAP） in China is the largest ecological restoration project on Earth（ongoing from 1978 to 2050）, harboring a huge area of newly planted forests, which provides a wealth of goods and ecosystem services that benefit society at levels ranging from region to East Asia. This project-induced carbon（C）sink has been expected to be large, but its size and location remain *** In this study, we investigated the changes in the C stocks of biomass, soil C and the C accumulation benefited from the ecological effects in the project areas from 1978 to 2017 within the Three-North regions（4.069 × 106km2）, and evaluated its project-induced C sequestration. Using a combination of remote sensing images, field observations and national forest inventory data, we estimated a total ecosystem sink of 47.06 Tg C per year（1 Tg = 1012 g）increased by the TNAP implementation. Importantly, we first found that the C sink via the ecological effects of this project could contribute to a high proportion up to 15.94%, indicating a critical role of ecological effects in shaping the distribution of C stocks in the protective forests. This finding suggests that it is necessary to explicitly consider carbon sequestration benefited from the ecological effects when estimating C sink and parameterizing C models of the restoration projects in China and *** Our results update the estimates of C pools in the world's largest ecological restoration project area,demonstrating that this project has substantially contributed to mitigating the climate change.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities associated with wild plants in a coastal ecosystem

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 683-695页

作者： Jinping wang Shilin Ma g.geoff wang Linhao Xu Zhiyuan Fu Juan Song Jinchi Zhang Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological RestorationNanjing Forestry University159 Longpan RoadNanjing 210037JiangsuChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)form a near-ubiquitous mutualistic association with roots to help plants withstand harsh environments,and play a key role in the establishment of coastal beach plant *** little is known about the structure and composition of AMF communities on coastal beaches of eastern *** this study,we investigated the occurrence,community composition and diversity of AMF associated with common wild plants on a coastal beach of North Jiangsu,*** all of the local wild species were colonized by AMF except for Chenopodium album ***-seven AMF species were isolated from the rhizosphere belonging to 12 genera in seven *** was the dominant genus and Funneliformis mosseae the dominant *** colonization,spore composition and diversity of AMF were strongly related to edaphic ***(Na^(+))ions in the soil significantly and negatively affected the colonization rate by AMF and both soil Na^(+)levels and pH had a significant negative effect on AMF spore density and ***,there was a significant positive correlation between species richness and total organic *** results provide insights into soil factors affecting native AMF communities in coastal beach habitats which could benefit vegetation recovery and soil reclamation efforts.

关键词： AMF diversity Coastal beach Edaphic factors Mycorrhizal composition Wild hosts

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Theoretical and experimental investigations on single-atom catalysis:Pt1/FeOx for water-gas shift reaction Shan-Fei wang1,§,Yangyang Li2,3,§,Haiyan wang1,Jin-Xia Liang1(✉),Chun Zhu1

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8627-8637页

作者： Shan-Fei wang Yangyang Li Haiyan wang Jin-Xia Liang Chun Zhu Botao Qiao School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Oxide-supported metal single-atom catalysts(SACs)have exhibited excellent catalytic performance for water-gas shift(WgS)***,we report the single-atom catalyst Pt1/FeOx exhibits excellent medium temperature catalytic performance for WgS reactions by the density functional theory(DFT)calculations and experimental *** calculations indicate that H_(2)O molecules are easily dissociated at oxygen vacancies,and the formed*OH and*O are adsorbed on Pt1 single atoms and the adjacent O atoms,*** studying four possible reaction mechanisms,it is found that the optimal WgS reaction pathway is proceeded along the carboxyl mechanism(pathway III),in which the formation of*COOH intermediates can promote the stability of Pt1/FeOx SAC and the easier occurrence of WgS *** energy barrier of the rate-determining step during the entire reaction cycle is only 1.16 eV,showing the high activity for the medium temperature WgS reaction on Pt1/FeOx SAC,which was verified by experimental ***,the calculated turnover frequencies(TOFs)of CO_(2)and H_(2)formation on Pt1/FeOx at 610 K(337℃)can reach up to 1.14×10^(-3)s^(-1)·site^(-1)through carboxyl *** this work,we further expand the application potential of Pt1/FeOx SAC in WgS reaction.

关键词： water-gas shift(WgS)reaction single-atom catalyst(SAC) density functional theory(DFT) thermocatalysis

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Continuous flow pyrolysis of virgin and waste polyolefins:a comparative study,process optimization and product characterization

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 133-149页

作者： Ecrin Ekici güray Yildiz Magdalena Joka Yildiz Monika Kalinowska ErolŞeker Jiawei wang Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyEggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany Izmir Institute of Technology Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Energy Systems EngineeringIzmir 35430Türkiye Department of Materials Engineering and Production Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBialystok University of TechnologyBialystok 15-351Poland Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering and Environmental Development Institute of Civil Engineering and EnergeticsFaculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental SciencesBialystok University of Technology15-351 BialystokPoland Department of Chemistry Biology and BiotechnologyInstitute of Civil Engineering and EnergeticsFaculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental SciencesBialystok University of TechnologyBialystok 15-351Poland Izmir Institute of Technology Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringIzmir 35430Türkiye Energy and Bioproducts Research Institute(EBRI) Aston UniversityBirmingham B47ETUnited Kingdom

Under optimal process conditions,pyrolysis of polyolefins can yield ca.90 wt%of liquid product,i.e.,combination of light oil fraction and heavier *** this work,the experimental findings reported in a selected group of publications concerning the non-catalytic pyrolysis of polyolefins were collected,reviewed,and compared with the ones obtained in a continuously operated bench-scale pyrolysis *** process parameters were used for the pyrolysis of waste and virgin counterparts of high-density polyethylene,low-density polyethylene,polypropylene and a defined mixture of those(i.e.,25:25:50 wt%,respectively).To mitigate temperature drops and enhance heat transfer,an increased feed intake is employed to create a hot melt plastic *** 1.5 g·min^(-1) feed intake,1.1 L·min^(-1) nitrogen flow rate,and a moderate pyrolysis temperature of 450℃,the formation of light hydrocarbons was favored,while wax formation was limited for polypropylene-rich *** of virgin plastics yielded more liquid(maximum 73.3 wt%)than that of waste plastics(maximum 66 wt%).Blending polyethylenes with polypropylene favored the production of liquids and increased the formation of gasoline-range *** products were mainly composed of C3 hydrocarbons,and no hydrogen production was detected due to moderate pyrolysis temperature.

关键词： waste plastics polyolefins chemical recycling pyrolysis alternative fuels waste-to-energy

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Ultra-wide band gap and wave attenuation mechanism of a novel star-shaped chiral metamaterial

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第7期45卷 1261-1278页

作者： Shuo wang Anshuai wang Yansen WU Xiaofeng LI Yongtao SUN Zhaozhan ZHANg Qian DINg g.D.AYALEW Yunxiang MA Qingyu LIN Department of Mechanics Tianjin University Tianjin Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics and Control Tianjin University State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University

A novel hollow star-shaped chiral metamaterial(SCM) is proposed by incorporating chiral structural properties into the standard hollow star-shaped metamaterial, exhibiting a wide band gap over 1 500 Hz. To broaden the band gap,solid single-phase and two-phase SCMs are designed and simulated, which produce two ultra-wide band gaps(approximately 5 116 Hz and 6 027 Hz, respectively). The main reason for the formation of the ultra-wide band gap is that the rotational vibration of the concave star of two novel SCMs drains the energy of an elastic wave. The impacts of the concave angle of a single-phase SCM and the resonator radius of a two-phase SCM on the band gaps are studied. Decreasing the concave angle leads to an increase in the width of the widest band gap, and the width of the widest band gap increases as the resonator radius of the two-phase SCM increases. Additionally,the study on elastic wave propagation characteristics involves analyzing frequency dispersion surfaces, wave propagation directions, group velocities, and phase velocities. Ultimately, the analysis focuses on the transmission properties of finite periodic structures. The solid single-phase SCM achieves a maximum vibration attenuation over 800, while the width of the band gap is smaller than that of the two-phase SCM. Both metamaterials exhibit high vibration attenuation capabilities, which can be used in wideband vibration reduction to satisfy the requirement of ultra-wide frequencies.

关键词： metamaterial ultra-wide band gap wave propagation vibration suppression O421 + .5 74H45

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