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Foreign Divestment-Crisis or Chance for China's Innovation Edge?

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China & World Economy 2022年第6期30卷 1-33页

作者： guopei Fang Holger gorg Aoife Hanley Haiou Mao School of Economics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyChina Kiel Centre for globalization Kiel Institute for the World Economy and University of KielGermany College of Economics and Management Huazhong Agricultural UniversityChina

The recent move towards decoupling from China,prompted by the 2018 trade conflict,has implications for the innovativeness of Chinese *** patent data from the Chinese State Intellectual Property Office,together with comprehensive firm-level data,and applying an inverse propensity score reweightingmethodology todealwith selection bias,we estimated changes in the patenting activity of firms following ownership transition to Chinese owners,linking these changes to the differential taxation incentives offered to foreign *** from crippling innovation,divestment has sparked an increase in patent applications-including higher end invention patents-and other innovation *** with robustness checks,our estimations suggest a real improvement in innovation rather than just a window-dressing *** suggest that one possible explanation may be an effort by the new Chinese owners to reduce their tax *** supplementary findings on tax payments and subsidy receipts following divestmentappearinlinewiththis interpretation.

关键词： China foreign divestment innovation patents research and development

Predictive value of pituitary tumor morphology on outcomes and complications in endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第4期8卷 321-329页

作者： Andrew T.Heffernan Joseph K.Han John Campbell James Reese William g.Day Joshua Edwards Ran V.Singh Wylie Zhu Kent K.Lam Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Eastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA Medical Center Radiologists NorfolkVirginiaUSA Department of Radiology Eastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA Sentara Healthcare Analytics and Delivery Science Institute NorfolkVirginiaUSA Neurosurgical Associates NorfolkVirginiaUSA Sentara Neurosurgery Specialists NorfolkVirginiaUSA

Purpose:Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery(ETSS)is an increasingly utilized approach for resection of pituitary *** studies have evaluated preoperative tumor size,location,and extent as prognostic factors for surgical *** is little data on the relationship between preoperative pituitary tumor radiographic morphology and surgical *** Design:Retrospective longitudinal ***:Single tertiary care *** and Methods:Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans from patients undergoing ETSS for pituitary tumor resections from 2007 to 2017 were retrospectively evaluated.A neuroradiologist classified these pituitary tumors into six morphologic groups,each defined by volume,dimensions,extension,and *** difficulty,rates of incomplete resection,and postoperative complications were then stratified in relation to the morphologic ***:Pituitary tumors from 131 patients were classified from preoperative imaging into six characteristic morphologies:(1)microtumor,(2)round,(3)transverse oblong,(4)superior-inferior oblong,(5)bilobed,and(6)large *** that were characterized with the large lobulated,bilobed,and transverse oblong morphologies correlated with higher rates of postoperative evidence of residual tumor(70%,36%,and 47%,respectively,all Pge lobulated,bilobed,and transverse oblong morphologies were also associated with intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks(70%,31%,and 35%,respectively,all Pgy of pituitary tumors that can be determined from preoperative *** tumor morphologic groups are associated with varying degrees of gross tumor resection,complications,and surgical *** pituitary tumor morphology may aid surgeons in planning the extent of resection,need for complex closure,and patient counseling.

关键词： endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery morphology pituitary adenoma pituitary tumor surgical outcomes tumor shape

Acquired resistance to third-generation EgFR-TKIs and emerging next-generation EgFR inhibitors

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The Innovation 2021年第2期2卷 5-22页

作者： Xiaojing Du Biwei Yang Quanlin An Yehuda g.Assaraf Xin Cao Jinglin Xia Institute of Clinical Science Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Liver Cancer Institute Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 201199China The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Lab Department of BiologyTechnion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200000Israel The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000China

The discovery that mutations in the EgFR gene are detected in up to 50%of lung adenocarcinoma patients,along with the development of highly efficacious epidermal growth factor receptor(EgFR)tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs),has revolutionized the treatment of this frequently occurring lung ***,the clinical success of these TKIs constitutes a critical milestone in targeted cancer *** generations of EgFR-TKIs are currently approved for the treatment of EgFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The first-generation TKIs include erlotinib,gefitinib,lapatinib,and icotinib;the second-generation ErbB family blockers include afatinib,neratinib,and dacomitinib;whereas osimertinib,approved by the FDA on 2015,is a third-generation TKI targeting EgFR harboring specific *** with the first-and second-generation TKIs,third-generation EgFR inhibitors display a significant advantage in terms of patient *** example,the median overall survival in NSCLC patients receiving osimertinib reached 38.6 ***,however,like other targeted therapies,new EgFR mutations,as well as additional drug-resistance mechanisms emerge rapidly after treatment,posing formidable obstacles to cancer therapeutics aimed at surmounting this *** this review,we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to third-generation EgFR inhibitors and the ongoing efforts to address and overcome this *** also discuss the current status of fourthgeneration EgFR inhibitors,which are of great value in overcoming resistance to EgFR inhibitors that appear to have greater therapeutic benefits in the clinic.

关键词： Cancer targeted therapy EgFR inhibitors drug resistance mutations chemoresistance mechanisms surmounting chemoresistance

Patterns of grassland invasions by trees: insights from demographic and genetic spatial analyses

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第5期8卷 468-479页

作者： Martin Dovčiak Richard Hrivnák Karol Ujházy Dušan gömöry State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry(SUNY ESF)1 Forestry DriveSyracuseNY 13210USA Institute of Botany Slovak Academy of SciencesDúbravskácesta 9Bratislava 84523Slovakia Technical University in Zvolen Faculty of ForestryT.G.Masaryka 24Zvolen 96053Slovakia

Aims Woody invasions into grasslands have increased globally due to changing land use,climate and introduced woody species,but spatial processes generating and sustaining these invasions are not well *** gain insight into the patterns of spread of tree populations within grasslands,and to propose a full spatial analytical toolbox for studying native and non-native woody spe-cies spread when long-term data are not available,we tested if 50 years of grassland invasion in Western Carpathians by Norway spruce(Picea abies Karst.)proceeded by one of the two tradi-tionally competing hypotheses of species spread:(i)by frontier expansion,or(ii)by advanced groups established ahead of the population *** also tested whether the pattern of invasion changed over *** We analyzed the spatial demographic and genetic patterns of a Norway spruce population invading a Western Carpathian grass-land using ripley’s L(t)and genetic kinship coefficients(Fij).We mapped and genotyped spruce trees across the invasion front(from the invasion leading edge to fully colonized grassland near the source population)using three demographic classes(adults,juve-niles and seedlings)to approximate the temporal aspects of the *** studied how the spatial patterns of invasion by indi-vidual demographic classes and their genetic kinship varied among adjacent plots established at different distances from the source population(ranging from 0 to 160 m,in 40-m distance increments).Important Findings Juveniles were positively genetically related to adults on fine scales(ggesting that adults within the grassland acted as a seed source and accelerated early ***,adults did not act as nucleation centers for the formation of advanced juvenile ***,geneti-cally unrelated juveniles formed groups independently of *** groups were small and separate at the leading edge but they increased in size and graded into a continuous zone near the source popul

关键词： genetic spatial structure mountain meadows point pattern analysis population structure secondary succession

Adsorption Models and Structural Characterization for Activated Carbon Fibers

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2009年第1期14卷 35-39页

作者：陈传涓王如竹 OLIVEIRA R.g. 胡金强 Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77.69 K were measured for two samples of activated carbon fibers and their microstructures were *** established isotherm equations,the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation showed the best agreement with the experimental data,while the Langmuir equation showed a large deviation when employed at low relative *** MP method,t-method andα_s-method were used to analyze the pore size distribution,The calculated average pore widths and BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface areas for the sample A-13 were 0.86 nm and 1 286.60 m^2/*** for the sample A-16,they were 0.82 nm and 1 490.64 m^2/*** sample with larger pore width was more suitable to be used as additive in chemical heat pumps,while the other one could be used as adsorbent in adsorption refrigeration systems.

关键词：活性炭纤维结构表征吸附模型 Langmuir方程吸附式制冷系统吸附等温线微观结构实验数据

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基于Pareto熵的多目标粒子群优化算法

软件学报 2014年第5期25卷 1025-1050页

作者：胡旺 gary g. YEN 张鑫电子科技大学信息与软件工程学院四川成都610054 School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University

粒子群优化算法因形式简洁、收敛快速和参数调节机制灵活等优点,同时一次运行可得到多个解,且能逼近非凸或不连续的Pareto最优前端,因而被认为是求解多目标优化问题最具潜力的方法之一.但当粒子群优化算法从单目标问题扩展到多目标问题... 详细信息

粒子群优化算法因形式简洁、收敛快速和参数调节机制灵活等优点,同时一次运行可得到多个解,且能逼近非凸或不连续的Pareto最优前端,因而被认为是求解多目标优化问题最具潜力的方法之一.但当粒子群优化算法从单目标问题扩展到多目标问题时,Pareto最优解集的存储与维护、全局和个体最优解的选择以及开发与开采的平衡等问题亦随之出现.通过目标空间变换方法,采用Pareto前端在被称为平行格坐标系统的新目标空间中的分布熵及差熵评估种群的多样性及进化状态,并以此为反馈信息来设计进化策略,使得算法能够兼顾近似Pareto前端的收敛性和多样性.同时,引入格占优和格距离密度的概念来评估Pareto最优解的个体环境适应度,以此建立外部档案更新方法和全局最优解选择机制,最终形成了基于Pareto熵的多目标粒子群优化算法.实验结果表明:在IgD性能指标上,与另外8种对等算法相比,该算法在由ZDT和DTLZ系列组成的12个多目标测试问题集中表现出了显著的性能优势.

关键词：多目标优化问题粒子群优化平行格坐标系统 Pareto熵自适应参数

Complementary fruiting phenologies facilitate sharing of one pollinator fig wasp by two fig trees

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第2期8卷 197-206页

作者： gui-Xiang Liu Da-Rong Yang Yan-Qiong Peng Stephen g.Compton Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences88 Xuefu RoadKunming 650223China University of Chinese Academy of Science 19 Yuquan roadBeijing 100049China School of Biology University of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeeds LS29JTUK Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes UniversityLower University RoadGrahamstown 6140South Africa

Aims most pollinator fig wasps are host plant specific,with each spe-cies only breeding in the figs of one fig tree species,but increasing numbers of species are known to be pollinated by more than one fig wasp,and in rare instances host switching can result in Ficus species sharing *** this study,we examined factors facilitating observed host switching at Xishuangbanna in southwestern(sW)China,where Ficus squamosa is at the northern edge of its range and lacks the fig wasps that pollinate it elsewhere,and its figs are colonized by a Ceratosolen pollinator that routinely breeds in figs of *** We recorded the habitat preferences of *** and ***-yla at Xishuangbanna,and compared characteristics such as fig size,location and colour at receptive ***,the vegetative and reproductive phenologies in the populations of *** and *** were recorded weekly at Xishuangbanna Tropical botanical garden for 1 *** Findings Ficus squamosa is a shrub found near fast-flowing rivers,*** is a small tree of disturbed forest *** preferring different habitats,they can be found growing close *** species have figs located at or near ground level,but they differ in size when *** production in *** was concentrated in the colder *** produced more figs in summer but had some through-out the *** absence of its normal pollinators,in combination with similarly located figs and partially complementary fruiting patterns appear to have facilitated colonization of *** by the routine pollinator of *** figs probably also share similar attractant *** host switching suggests one mechanism whereby fig trees can acquire new pollinators and emphasizes the likely significance of edges of ranges in the genesis of novel fig tree-fig wasp relationships.

关键词： agaonidae edge of range Ficus host specificity host switching

Carbon fluxes and species diversity in grazed and fenced typical steppe grassland of Inner Mongolia, China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第1期12卷 10-22页

作者： R.Sagar g.Y.Li J.S.Singh Shiqiang Wan Department of Botany Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005India International Joint Research Laboratory for global Change Ecology College of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

Aim grasslands are dominant vegetation of China,support outstanding biodiversity and sequester bulk amount of atmospheric CO_(2).These grasslands are highly degraded and fragmented due to remarkable anthropogenic and grazing *** government has made great attempt to restore by grazing *** relations of carbon fluxes with species composition and diversity in the communities sensitive to grazing by large herbivores are needed to be analysed under the global climate change *** objective of present study was to comprehend the effects of grazing and fencing on the ecosystem structure and function of the typical steppe *** To meet the objectives,overgrazed and fenced(since year 2001)sys-tems were selected in typical steppe grassland at the Duolun Restoration Ecology Research Station,Inner Mogolia,*** each system,three dominant communities with three replicates were *** each replicate community,three 1×1 m plots,were randomly *** plot was divided into four 50×50 cm quadrats.A total of 216,50×50 cm quadrats were *** each quadrat,number of individuals and above-ground herbaceous biomass for each species,soil respiration(SR),ecosystem respira-tion(ER),net(NEE)as well as gross(gEE)ecosystem CO_(2) exchanges were recorded in June *** were well analysed using statistical *** correspondence analysis showed dif-ferential responses of communities to the structure and function of the typical steppe *** Findings Across the communities,fencing reduced the soil tempera-ture by 12%and at the same time increased the soil moisture by 44.30%,thus,increased the species richness by 28%,evenness by 21%,above-ground biomass by 19%and plant carbon by 20%.Interestingly,fencing increased NEE by 128%,gEE by 77%,SR by 65%and ER by 39%.Under fencing,species composition partially governed the CO_(2) exchange *** Fencing reduces soil temperature and thereby improves specie

关键词： canonical correspondence analysis ecosystem carbon uptake grazing species composition species evenness species richness

Pitting corrosion resistance and bond strength of stainless steel overlay by friction surfacing on high strength low alloy steel

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2015年第3期11卷 299-307页

作者： Amit Kumar SINgH g.Madhusudhan REDDY K.Srinivas RAO Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory Andhra University

Surface modification is essential for improving the service properties of components. Cladding is one of the most widely employed methods of surface modification. Friction surfacing is a candidate process for depositing the corrosion resistant coatings. Being a solid state process, it offers several advantages over conventional fusion based surfacing process. The aim of this work is to identify the relationship between the input variables and the process response and develop the predictive models that can be used in the design of new friction surfacing applications. In the current work, austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 was friction surfaced on high strength low alloy steel substrate. Friction surfacing parameters,such as mechtrode rotational speed, feed rate of substrate and axial force on mechtrode, play a major role in determining the pitting corrosion resistance and bond strength of friction surfaced coatings. Friction surfaced coating and base metal were tested for pitting corrosion by potentiodynamic polarization technique. Coating microstructure was characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Coatings in the as deposited condition exhibited strain-induced martensite in austenitic matrix. Pitting resistance of surfaced coatings was found to be much lower than that of mechtrode material and superior to that of substrate. A central composite design with three factors(mechtrode rotational speed, substrate traverse speed, axial load on mechtrode) and five levels was chosen to minimize the number of experimental conditions. Response surface methodology was used to develop the model. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop a mathematical model to predict the pitting corrosion resistance and bond strength by incorporating the friction surfacing process parameters.

关键词：奥氏体不锈钢摩擦堆焊粘结强度低合金高强度抗蚀性钢表面耐点蚀性能