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The off-host survival and viability of a native and non-native fish louse （Argulus, Crustacea： Branchiura）

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 828-835页

作者： P.D. WALKER I.J. RUSSON R. DUIJF g. VAN DER VELDE S.E. WENDELAAR BONgA Radboud University of Nijmegen Institute for Water and Wetland Research Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands APEM Ltd Centre for Innovation ＆ Enterprise Begbroke Science Park Sandy Lane Yarnton Oxfordshire OX5 1PF United Kingdom Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis P.O. Box 9517 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands

Fish ectoparasites are introduced to water bodies or aquaculture systems along with their hosts. Argulid fish lice can survive off-host for a given time, and in spite of quarantine measures might also be introduced via the transfer of water. However, they must cope with varying abiotic conditions without access to food. We investigated the effect of temperature （5 to 28℃） on the off-host survival time of Argulus japonicus, an invasive species which is apparently increasing its distribution, and compared this with the European A. foliaceus. A clear effect of temperature on the off-host survival time of all stages of both species was demonstrated. Larval and juvenile A. japonicus survived up to 9 days at 22℃ and in the case of adults up to 13 days at 15℃. By comparison, larval A. foliaceus survived up to 5 days at 15℃, adults up to 14 days at 9℃ and juveniles up to 7 days at 9℃ and 15℃. Thus, A. japonicus is more resistant to starvation at higher temperatures under controlled off-host conditions and A. foli- aceus is more resistant to starvation at lower temperatures. Infectivity of A. japonicus decreased linearly with the time spent off-host after 2 days for larvae and 4 days for adults. Temperature only had a significant effect on the infectivity of both develop- mental stages after 24 hours off-host between 13-23℃ for larvae and 13-18℃ for adults. In conclusion both species can potentially survive off-host pelods in water transports for up to 13-14 days as adults. Their survival is shorter as larvae. This study demonstrates that transportation of water has the potential to introduce Argulus species

关键词： Argulus Fish lice Survival Temperature Off-host Water transport Introductions Invasive species

TURNINg A CORNER: Kansas State University Seeks to Meaningfully Address green Building and the Sustainable Use of Energy and Resources on Campus and in the Broader Community

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Journal of green Building 2010年第4期5卷 34-66页

作者： Lee R.Skabelund R.Todd gabbard Barbara g.Anderson Benjamin L.Champion LA/RCP(Landscape Architecture) College of ArchitecturePlanning&DesignKansas State UniversitySeaton Hall 303IManhattan66506 Architecture College of ArchitecturePlanning&DesignKansas State University211 Seaton HallManhattan66506 ATID(Interior Design) College of Human EcologyKansas State University218 Justin HallManhattan66506. Director of Sustainability Provost OfficeKansas State University258 Leadership Studies BuildingManhattan66506.

Kansas State University(KSU)is a land-grant institution,with nine colleges and 23,000 *** 668-acre main campus is located within the City of Manhattan,Kansas,which has a population of approximately 45,*** a bottom-up process the university has been seeking to integrate sustainability in student life,curriculum,operations,research,and engagement.

关键词： college sustainability collaborative design energy efficiency stormwater management solar power green roofs material re-use

Non-albicans Candida prosthetic joint infections: A systematic review of treatment

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第12期7卷 1430-1443页

作者： Christos Koutserimpas Stylianos g Zervakis Sofia Maraki Kalliopi Alpantaki Argyrios Ioannidis Diamantis P Kofteridis george Samonis Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology “251” Hellenic Air Force General Hospital of Athens Athens 11525 Greece Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital of Heraklion Crete Heraklion 71110 Greece Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis University Hospital of Heraklion Crete Heraklion 71110 Greece Department of Materials Science and Technology University of Crete Heraklion Heraklion 71110 Greece Department of general Surgery “Sismanoglion” General Hospital of Athens Athens 15126 Greece

BACKgROUND Non-albicans Candida prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are rare. Optimal treatment involves a two-stage revision surgery in combination with an antifungal agent. However, no clear guidelines have been developed regarding the agent or treatment duration. Hence, a broad range of antifungal and surgical treatments have been reported so far. AIM To clarify treatment of non-albicans Candida PJIs. METHODS A literature review of all existing non-albicans Candida PJIs cases through April 2018 was conducted. Information was extracted about demographics, comorbidities, responsible species, duration and type of antifungal treatment, type of surgical treatment, time between initial arthroplasty and symptom onset, time between symptom onset and definite diagnosis, outcome of the infection and follow-up. RESULTS A total of 83 cases, with a mean age of 66.3 years, were located. The causative yeast isolated in most cases was C. parapsilosis (45 cases;54.2%), followed by C. glabrata (18 cases;21.7%). The mean Charlson comorbidity index was 4.4 ± 1.5. The mean time from arthropalsty to symptom onset was 27.2 ± 43 mo, while the mean time from symptom onset to culture-confirmed diagnosis was 7.5 ± 12.5 mo. A two stage revision arthroplasty (TSRA), when compared to one stage revision arthroplasty, had a higher success rate (96% vs 73%, P = 0.023). Fluconazole was the preferred antifungal agent (59;71%), followed by amphotericin B (41;49.4%). CONCLUSION The combination of TSRA and administration of prolonged antifungal therapy after initial resection arthroplasty is suggested on the basis of limited data.

关键词： Fungal prosthetic joint infection Knee arthroplasty infection Hip arthroplasty infection Antifungal treatment Non-albicans Candida prosthetic joint infections

Apparent redox potential discontinuity(aRPD) depth as a relative measure of sediment oxygen content and habitat quality

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2015年第1期30卷 74-80页

作者： Travis g.gERWINg Alyssa M.ALLEN gERWINg Diana J.HAMILTON Myriam A.BARBEAU Department of Biology University of New Brunswick Department of Biology Mount Allison University

As hypoxic conditions spread in our oceans,indices that quickly and efficiently assess oxygen content in sediment pore water,and habitat quality are increasingly becoming *** to the apparent redox potential discontinuity(aRPD) in sediment is one such index;however,the relationship between aRPD depth and oxygen content is still *** quantified oxygen content in sediment pore water with a dissolved oxygen(DO) probe,utilizing luminescent technology,to determine how DO concentration varies with depth in the sediment,and with position relative to the aRPD(above versus below) on an intertidal mudflat in the Bay of Fundy,*** on generalized linear regression models,we found that depth in the sediment was a poor predictor of pore water DO concentration,while position in the sediment relative to the aRPD was a good ***,sediment above the aRPD had higher DO content than sediment *** maintain that aRPD depth is a good measure of relative oxygen content in sediment pore water,as well as habitat ***,we recommend caution as the factors that influence aRPD depth arc numerous and variable;therefore,the relationship between aRPD depth and DO content should be experimentally confirmed in any system of interest before aRPD depth is used as an indicator.

关键词： Anoxia Apparent redox potential discontinuity(aRPD) Dissolved oxygen Habitat quality Hypoxia Intertidal Marine benthos Sediment pore water.

Cholecystectomy for asymptomatic gallstones:Markov decision tree analysis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第29期10卷 10399-10412页

作者： Brian Juin Hsien Lee Qai Ven Yap Jee Keem Low Yiong Huak Chan Vishal g Shelat Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore S308232Singapore Biostatistics Unit Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore S117597Singapore Department of general Surgery Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore S308433Singapore

gallstones are a common public health problem,especially in developed *** are an increasing number of patients who are diagnosed with gallstones due to increasing awareness and liberal use of imaging,with 22.6%-80% of gallstone patients being asymptomatic at the time of *** being asymptomatic,this group of patients are still at life-long risk of developing symptoms and complications such as acute cholangitis and acute biliary ***,while early prophylactic cholecystectomy may have some benefits in selected groups of patients,the current standard practice is to recommend cholecystectomy only after symptoms or complications *** reviewing the current evidence about the natural course of asymptomatic gallstones,complications of cholecystectomy,quality of life outcomes,and economic outcomes,we recommend that the option of cholecystectomy should be discussed with all asymptomatic gallstone *** of material information is essential for patients to make an informed choice for prophylactic *** is for the patient to decide on watchful waiting or prophylactic cholecystectomy,and not for the medical community to make a blanket policy of watchful waiting for asymptomatic gallstone *** patients with high-risk profiles,it is clinically justifiable to advocate cholecystectomy to minimize the likelihood of morbidity due to complications.

关键词： Asymptomatic Cholecystectomy Cholelithiasis gallbladder gallstone

Spatial cage solitons——taming light bullets

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Photonics Research 2022年第1期10卷 148-154页

作者： CHAO MEI IHAR BABUSHKIN TAMAS NAgY güNTER STEINMEYER Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy 12489 BerlinGermany School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing 100083China Institute of Quantum Optics Leibniz University Hannover30167 HannoverGermany Institut für Physik Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin12489 BerlinGermany

Multimode nonlinear optics is used to overcome a long-standing limitation of fiber optics,tightly phase locking several spatial modes and enabling the coherent transport of a wave packet through a multimode fiber.A similar problem is encountered in the temporal compression of multimillijoule pulses to few-cycle duration in hollow gas-filled *** the fiber length to up to 6 m,hollow fibers have recently reached 1 TW of peak *** the remarkable utility of the hollow fiber compressor and its widespread application,however,no analytical model exists to enable insight into the scaling behavior of maximum compressibility and peak *** we extend a recently introduced formalism for describing mode locking to the analog scenario of locking spatial fiber modes *** formalism unveils the coexistence of two soliton branches for anomalous modal dispersion and indicates the formation of stable spatiotemporal light bullets that would be unstable in free space,similar to the temporal cage solitons in mode-locking *** model enables deeper understanding of the physical processes behind the formation of such light bullets and predicts the existence of multimode solitons in a much wider range of fiber types than previously considered possible.

关键词： locking solitons optics

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ACTIVATION MECHANISM OF AMORPHOUS Ni_(63)Zr_(32)La_5 ALLOY HYDROgENATION CATALYST

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1996年第4期9卷 291-297页

作者： Wang, X.K. Shen, N.F. Lei, g.J. gu, H.C.

The catalytic activity of amorphous Ni_63 Zr_32 La_5 ribbon for hydrogenation of ethyne to ethylene can be greatly enhanced when the alloy ribbon is pretreated with dilute acid solution,heated under negative atmosphere pressure and subjected to hydrogen reduction successively. The change of surface state of the ribbon during the activation has been analysed by AES and XPS. The surface of as-received ribbon is covered with a thin film of La_2 O_3. After pretreatment. the surface concentrations of both Ni and Zr increase obviously, whereas the surface concentration of La decreases ***, on the surface of activated catalyst the Ni and NiO disperse finely on the matrix consisting of oxides of both Zr and La and a small amount of fluorides of Zr and La.

关键词： amorphous Ni_(63) Zr_(32) La_5 alloy catalyst activation mechanism

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Bloch surface eigenstates within the radiation continuum

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 113-118页

作者： Chia Wei Hsu Bo Zhen Song-Liang Chua Steven g Johnson John D Joannopoulos Marin Soljacic Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Physics Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA

From detailed numerical calculations,we demonstrate that in simple photonic crystal structures,a discrete number of Bloch surface-localized eigenstates can exist inside the continuum of free-space *** to the free space causes the surface modes to leak,but the forward and back-reflected leakage may interfere destructively to create a perfectly bound surface state with zero *** perform analytical temporal coupled-mode theory analysis to show the generality of such phenomenon and its robustness from variations of system ***,time-reversal invariance,two-fold rotational symmetry and a perfectly reflecting boundary are necessary for these unique states.

关键词： bound state in continuum embedded eigenvalue photonic crystal surface mode

Effects of wall wetting and in-cylinder fuel distribution in an advanced turbo-charged engine

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Journal of Central South University 2022年第7期29卷 2165-2178页

作者： ROSTAMPOUR A SHOJAEEFARD M H MOLAEIMANESH g R SAFAEI-ARSHI A School of Automotive Engineering Iran University of Science and TechnologyNarmakTehran ***Iran School of Mechanical Engineering Iran University of Science and TechnologyNarmakTehran ***Iran

One of the proposed concepts for spark ignition engines is advanced port fuel injection(APFI),which suggests using two port injectors for each *** this research,we numerically examine the capabilities of this concept in reducing fuel consumption and increasing engine *** results demonstrated that the use of this concept is very effective due to the use of two injectors and the possibility of reducing the spraying time and bringing the injection start time closer to the air inlet valve opening *** maximum amount of fuel film formed on the walls is reduced by about 75%,naturally,which leads to better and more homogeneous fuel distribution inside the combustion chamber and increases combustion *** results showed that under the same boundary conditions and engine operating point,the use of two port injectors for each cylinder leads to an increase of more than 20%of the maximum combustion chamber pressure and about 4%combustion *** the other hand,fuel film formation becomes worse in cold *** in this study,the capabilities of this concept in cold conditions were investigated *** have shown that the advanced port fuel injection,unlike conventional engines,is almost insensitive to inlet temperature changes.

关键词： advanced port fuel injection(APFI) fuel film fuel distribution wall wetting heat transfer phenomena

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