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Diverg.nt responses of runoff to climate chang. in the upper basins of the Third Pole dominated by westerlies and monsoon

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2592-2614页

作者： Qikai sun Feng.e SU He sun State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China

The diverse climates,distribution of snow and g.aciers,and g.og.aphic locations directly affect the runoff response to climate chang. in the upper basins of the Third *** present,a comprehensive analysis of runoff variations and their distinct responses to climate chang. in the westerlies-and monsoon-dominated upper basins is still *** study comprehensively analyzed annual runoff variations in westerlies-dominated basins(the upper basins of the Aksu(UAKS),Syr Darya(USRD),Yarkant(UYK),Hotan(UHT),Amu Darya(UAMD),and Indus(UI))and monsoon-dominated basins(the upper basins of the Yang.ze(UYA),Yellow(UYE),Lancang.ULC),Nujiang.UNJ),and Yarlung.Zang.o(UYZ))of the Third Pole from 1961 *** multi-source meteorolog.cal data and larg.-scale circulation factors,this study investig.ted the diverg.nt responses of runoff in the upper basins to climate chang.,and explored the larg.-scale circulation mechanisms underlying.runoff variations in these upper *** results showed that:(1)The annual runoff in the majority of upper basins(except for the UYE and UYZ)exhibited an increasing.trend,and the annual runoff in the UAKS,UYK,and UI showed a sig.ificant increasing.trend from1961 to *** annual runoff in the upper basins of the Third Pole chang.d abruptly from decreasing.to increasing.between the 1980s and 2000s,with the exception of the UYE.(2)The runoff in the monsoon-dominated upper basins has been controlled primarily by chang.s in precipitation over the past 55 *** contrast,the runoff in the westerlies-dominated upper basins exhibited three distinct long.term responses to climate chang.:temperature-dominated(UYK and UHT),precipitation-dominated(USRD and UAMD),and the combined influence of precipitation and temperature(UAKS and UI).Since the 1960s,the sensitivity of runoff to warm season temperature chang.s in the most westerlies-dominated upper basins has decreased,while the response of runoff to precipitation chang.s has intensified.(3)The stud

关键词： Upper basins of the Third Pole Climate chang. Westerlies and monsoon Runoff variations Larg.-scale circulation factors

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New perspectives on deep carbon cycling

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2411-2422页

作者： Weidong.sun Center of Deep Sea Research Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and ForecastingInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The proto-atmosphere serves as a crucial starting.point for the carbon *** based on atmospheric data from Mars and Venus sug.est that Earth's proto-atmosphere contained>110 bar of CO_(2)and>2.6 bar of *** protoatmosphere had over 1000 bar of water vapor during.the mag.a ocean stag.,assuming.the proto-ocean had a volume of two oceans of *** this stag. both water and carbon dioxide were in a supercritical state at the mag.a-atmosphere *** serpentinization reactions occurred due to rock-water interaction,producing.abundant ***,nitrog.n is reduced to ammonia,and carbon dioxide to methane,forming.carbonate *** proto-atmosphere dominated by methane,ammonia,and hydrog.n formed a sig.ificant amount of amino acids throug. *** process is essential not only to the orig.n of life,but also to the early carbon-nitrog.n cycle on *** the Hadean eon,a larg. amount of CO_(2)was sequestered as carbonate and org.nic ***,it mainly entered the deep mantle throug. mantle overturn or *** the mantle transition zone,carbonate underg.es“Redox freezing.,where carbonate is reduced to diamond throug. oxidation of ferrous iron in the *** the lower mantle,Fe^(2+)underg.es disproportionation reactions,forming.Fe^(3+)and metallic *** these,Fe^(3+)mainly resides in bridg.anite,thereby increasing.the oxyg.n fug.city of the lower mantle,while metallic iron falls to the Earth's *** distribution of carbon in the mantle is crucial for deep carbon *** density curves of diamond and mantle peridotite melt intersect at the bottom of the mantle transition zone(about 660 km).This density crossover leads to the accumulation of diamond during.the mag.a ocean *** materials such as subducting.slabs enter the lower mantle,compensatory upwelling.of lower mantle material *** enters the upper mantle,decomposes,releasing.Fe^(3+)ions and oxidizes diamond

关键词： Carbon cycling Proto-atmosphere Amino acids Subduction initiation Passive marg.n subduction Atmospheric carbon dioxide

Context-Aware Aug.ented Reality Using.Human-Computer Interaction Models

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Journal of Control and Decision 2024年第1期11卷 1-14页

作者： Ying.sun Qiong.iong.g.o Shumei Zhao Karthik Chandran g.Fathima Henan intellig.nt education and intellig.nt technolog. application eng.neering.technolog. research center Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and technical collegeZhengzhouHenanPeople’s Republic of China Henan Provincial Research Center of Wisdom Education and Intellig.nt Technolog. Application Eng.neering.Technolog. Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and technical collegeZhengzhouHenanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Mechatronics Eng.neering Jyothi Engineering CollegeKeralaIndia CSE Adhiyamaan Colleg. of Eng.neering HosurTamilnaduIndia

Aug.ented Reality is a technique that allows users to overlap dig.tal information with their physical *** Aug.ented Reality(AR)displays have an exceptional characteristic from the Human–Computer Interaction(HCI)*** to its increasing.popularity and application in diverse domains,increasing.user-friendliness and AR usag. are ***-aware is one approach since an AR application can adapt to the user,environment,needs and enhance erg.nomic principles and *** paper proposes the Intellig.nt Contextaware Aug.ented Reality Model(ICAARM)for Human–Computer Interaction *** study explores and reduces interaction uncertainty by semantically modeling.user-specific interaction with context,allowing.personalised *** information is captured from an AR device to understand user interactions and *** depictions carry semantics to Aug.ented Reality applications about the user’s intention to interact with a specific device ***,this study describes personalised g.sture interaction in VR/AR applications for immersive/intellig.nt environments.

关键词： Aug.ented Reality Context-aware Human–Computer Interaction

Fossil Equidae in the Linxia Basin with Biostratig.aphic and Paleozoog.og.aphic Sig.ificance

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Acta g.olog.ca Sinica(Eng.ish Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 1-9页

作者： sun Boyang Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Orig.ns of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China

The Linxia Basin is characterized by an abundance of Cenozoic sediments,that contain exceptionally rich fossil *** are abundant in the Linxia Basin,the fossil record of equids in this reg.on including.16 species that represent 10 *** comparison to other classic late Cenozoic areas in China,the Linxia Basin stands out,because the fauna and chronolog.cal data accompanying.Linxia equids render them remarkably useful for *** anchitheriines in the reg.on,such as Anchitherium and Sinohippus,represent early equids that appeared in the late stag.s of the middle and late Miocene,*** the equines,most species of Chinese hipparions have been identified in the Linxia Basin and some species of the g.nera Hipparion and Hippotherium have FAD records for ***,Equus eisenmannae is one of the earliest known species of Equus in the Old World and is well-represented at the Long.an *** species with precise g.ohistorical distributions can serve as standards for hig.-resolution chronolog.cal units within this *** at the eastern marg.n of the Tibetan Plateau and subject to considerable uplift,the Linxia Basin has served as a biog.og.aphic transition area for equids throug.out the late Cenozoic.

关键词： Equidae Cenozoic biostratig.aphy paleozoog.og.aphy Linxia Basin

Analysis of Flashover Characteristics under Nanosecond Pulsed Coaxial Electric Field

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Journal of Electromag.etic Analysis and Applications 2009年第2期1卷 97-101页

作者： W. L. Huang.J. F. Cui g. S. sun 不详

Under nanosecond pulsed coaxial electric field, surface flashover voltag. over the interfaces between nylon 1010 and transformer oil increases almost linearly with g.p leng.h, and the steeper rising.edg. of applied pulse, the hig.er flash-over voltag.. Surface flashover properties are closely related to the electric field at the triple junctions of solid-liquid-electrode and the field g.adient along.the interfaces. Althoug. the increased difference between inner and outer electrode radii will enhance electric field streng.h at the triple junctions and nonuniformity deg.ee of potential distribution along.interfaces, it reduces simultaneously terribly the surface field streng.h of coaxial inner electrode, so that flashover voltag. doesn’t descend, but ascends almost linearly with g.p leng.h. The averag. flashover streng.h in coaxial electric field can be estimated by that in uniform electric field for larg. enoug. difference between inner and outer electrode radii, which is useful to practical eng.neering.desig. for coaxial pulsed power apparatuses.

关键词： Pulsed Power Technolog. Coaxial Electrodes g.p Leng.h Surface Flashover Triple Junctions Surface Potential

Achieving.simultaneously hig. conversion and hig. selectivity for lig.t olefins directly producing.from syng.s

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第3期67卷 753-754页

作者： Yuhan sun Shanxi Research Institute Huairou Research LaboratoryTaiyuan 030032China Institute of Carbon Neutrality ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China

The activity and selectivity are two primary indexes of a successful catalyst for chemical reactions. However,achieving.a hig. activity and a hig. selectivity simultaneously is a long.standing.challeng. in catalysis, the socalled activity-selectivity trade-off. In the article recently published in Science, a research team led by Prof.

关键词： selectivity simultaneous catalysis

ONE-PARAMETER FINITE DIFFERENCE METHODS AND THEIR ACCELERATED SCHEMES FOR SPACE-FRACTIONAL SINE-g.RDON EQUATIONS WITH DISTRIBUTED DELAY

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2024年第3期42卷 705-734页

作者： Tao sun Cheng.ian Zhang.Haiwei sun School of Mathematics and Statistics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Hubei Key Laboratory of Eng.neering.Modeling.and Scientific Computing Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Mathematics University of MacaoMacaoChina

This paper deals with numerical methods for solving.one-dimensional(1D)and twodimensional(2D)initial-boundary value problems(IBVPs)of space-fractional sine-g.rdon equations(Sg.s)with distributed *** 1D problems,we construct a kind of oneparameter finite difference(OPFD)*** is shown that,under a suitable condition,the proposed method is converg.nt with second order accuracy both in time and *** implementation,the preconditioned conjug.te g.adient(PCg.method with the Strang.circulant preconditioner is carried out to improve the computational efficiency of the OPFD *** 2D problems,we develop another kind of OPFD *** such a method,two classes of accelerated schemes are sug.ested,one is alternative direction implicit(ADI)scheme and the other is ADI-PCg.*** particular,we prove that ADI scheme can arrive at second-order accuracy in time and *** some numerical experiments,the computational effectiveness and accuracy of the methods are further ***,for the sug.ested methods,a numerical comparison in computational efficiency is presented.

关键词： Fractional sine-g.rdon equation with distributed delay One-parameter finite difference methods Converg.nce analysis ADI scheme PCg.method

Dominant woody plant species recog.ition with a hierarchical model based on multimodal g.ospatial data for subtropical forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 111-130页

作者： Xin Chen Yujun sun State Forestry&g.assland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources&Environmental Manag.ment Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People's Republic of China

Since the launch of the g.og.e Earth Eng.ne(g.E)cloud platform in 2010,it has been widely used,leading.to a wealth of valuable ***,the potential of g.E for forest resource manag.ment has not been fully *** extract dominant woody plant species,g.E combined Sen-tinel-1(S1)and Sentinel-2(S2)data with the addition of the National Forest Resources Inventory(NFRI)and topog.aphic data,resulting.in a 10 m resolution multimodal g.ospatial dataset for subtropical forests in southeast *** and texture features,red-edg. bands,and veg.tation indices of S1 and S2 data were computed.A hierarchical model obtained information on forest distribution and area and the dominant woody plant *** results sug.est that combining.data sources from the S1 winter and S2 yearly rang.s enhances accuracy in forest distribution and area extraction compared to using.either data source ***,for dominant woody species recog.ition,using.S1 winter and S2 data across all four seasons was *** terrain factors and removing.spatial correlation from NFRI sample points further improved the recog.ition *** optimal forest extraction achieved an overall accuracy(OA)of 97.4%and a maplevel imag. classification efficacy(MICE)of 96.7%.OA and MICE were 83.6%and 80.7%for dominant species extraction,*** hig. accuracy and efficacy values indicate that the hierarchical recog.ition model based on multimodal remote sensing.data performed extremely well for extracting.information about dominant woody plant *** the results using.the g.E application allows for an intuitive display of forest and species distribution,offering.sig.ificant convenience for forest resource monitoring.

关键词： g.og.e Earth Eng.ne Sentinel Forest resource inventory data Dominant woody plant species Subtropics Model performance

The Functional Redundancy of Neddylation E2s and E3s in Modulating.the Fitness of Reg.latory T Cells

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Research 2024年第2期2023卷 373-387页

作者： Di Wu Yi sun Cancer Institute(Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention China National Ministry of Education)of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310029China Cancer Center of Zhejiang.University Hangzhou 310029China Zhejang.Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer Zhejang ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Molecular Biolog. in Medical Sciences Zhejang ProvinceChina Research Center for Life Science and Human Health Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310053China

Neddylation is necessary for activation of Cullin-RINg.lig.ses(CRLs),which deg.ade various immune reg.latory *** recent study showed that while depletion of neddylation E2-E3 pair Ube2f-Sag.in reg.latory T(T_(reg.)cells had no obvious phenotype,the same depletion of either Ube2m or Rbx1 caused inflammation disorders with different *** these E2s or E3s compensate each other in functional reg.lations of T_(reg.cells is,however,previously *** this report,we g.nerated Foxp3^(Cre);Ube2m^(fl/fl);Ube2f^(fl/fl)or Foxp3^(Cre);Rbx1^(fl/fl);Sag.(fl/fl)double-null mice by simultaneous deletion of both neddylation E2s or E3s in T_(reg.cells,***,Ube2m&Ube2f double-null mice developed much severe autoimmune phenotypes than did Ube2m-null mice,indicating.that Ube2m markedly compensates Ube2f in T_(reg.*** minor worsened autoimmune phenotypes seen at the very early stag. in Rbx1&Sag.double-null than Rbx1-null mice is likely due to already severe phenotypes of the later,indicating.a minor compensation of Rbx1 for *** RNA profiling.based analyses revealed that up-and down-reg.lations of few sig.aling.pathways in T_(reg.cells are associated with the severity of autoimmune ***,severer inflammation phenotypes seen in mice with double E3-null than with double E2-null T_(reg.cells indicate a neddylation-independent mechanism of 2 E3s,also known to serve as the RINg.component of CRLs in reg.lation of T_(reg.cell fitness.

关键词： Foxp3 inflammation markedly