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Retrograde signaling in plants: A critical review focusing on the gUN pathway and beyond

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Plant Communications 2023年第1期4卷 304-323页

作者： Andreas S.richter Thomas Nägele Bernhard grimm Kerstin Kaufmann michael Schroda Dario Leister Tatjana Kleine Physiology of Plant metabolism Institute for BiosciencesUniversity of RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str.318059 RostockGermany Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology Faculty of BiologyLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München82152 Planegg-MartinsriedGermany Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinPhilippstr.1310115 BerlinGermany Plant Cell and molecular Biology Institute of BiologyHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinPhilippstr.1310115 BerlinGermany molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology TU KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany Plant molecular Biology(Botany) Faculty of BiologyLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München82152 Planegg-MartinsriedGermany

Plastids communicate their developmental and physiological status to the nucleus via retrograde signaling,allowing nuclear gene expression to be adjusted *** during plastid biogenesis and responses of mature chloroplasts to environmental changes are designated“biogenic”and“operational”controls,respectively.A prominent example of the investigation of biogenic signaling is the screen for gun(genomes uncoupled)*** the first five gun mutants were identified 30 years ago,the functions of gUN proteins in retrograde signaling remain controversial,and that of gUN1 is hotly ***,we provide background information and critically discuss recently proposed concepts that address gUN-related signaling and some novel gun ***,considering heme as a candidate in retrograde signaling,we revisit the spatial organization of heme biosynthesis and export from *** this review focuses on gUN pathways,we also highlight recent progress in the identification and elucidation of chloroplast-derived signals that regulate the acclimation response in green algae and ***,stress-induced accumulation of unfolded/misassembled chloroplast proteins evokes a chloroplast-specific unfolded protein response,which leads to changes in the expression levels of nucleus-encoded chaperones and proteases to restore plastid protein *** also address the importance of chloroplast-derived signals for activation of flavonoid biosynthesis leading to production of anthocyanins during stress acclimation through sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase ***,a framework for identification and quantification of intercompartmental signaling cascades at the proteomic and metabolomic levels is provided,and we discuss future directions of dissection of organelle-nucleus communication.

关键词： chloroplast chloroplast unfolded protein response genomes uncoupled gun retrograde signaling subcellular proteomes subcellular metabolomes

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提高纤维素纤维染色的色牢度

国际纺织导报 2007年第2期35卷 54-54,56,58,60,61页

作者： F.richter A.Schnfeld J.müllenbach 李娴 Zschimmer & Schwarz mohsdorf公司

阳离子后整理在活性染料染色中可确保高的色牢度级别。即使在染很深和临界色,使用中速染料或弱的皂/洗染色工艺情况下,采用Zschimmer & Schwarz公司研制的Zetesal2000或CPW后整理工艺,仍可使织物的水洗牢度有显著提高。Zetesal CPW也可... 详细信息

阳离子后整理在活性染料染色中可确保高的色牢度级别。即使在染很深和临界色,使用中速染料或弱的皂/洗染色工艺情况下,采用Zschimmer & Schwarz公司研制的Zetesal2000或CPW后整理工艺,仍可使织物的水洗牢度有显著提高。Zetesal CPW也可用于纤维素织物的直接染料染色。目前Zetesal CCL产品符合耐氯牢度的通用要求。

关键词：染色色牢度纤维素纤维

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儿童前臂骨折诊断、治疗及并发症

德国医学 1999年第5期16卷 292-294页

作者： m.P.Hahn D.richter g.muhr P.A.W.Ostermann 黄立万圣祥 Chirurgische Universittsklinik und Poliklinik Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken"Bergmannsheil"Brkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1D-44789 BochumGermany 同济医科大学附属协和医院

儿童骨折1/4发生在前臂,多因跌倒时手撑地所致。非优势侧肢体骨折明显多于优势侧,2/3的骨折在前臂远侧1/3。90％以上骨折经保守治疗可获得满意效果。遗留的错位如侧方移位在10岁以下的患儿完全可以自动矫正。旋转移位和较明显的对线不良... 详细信息

儿童骨折1/4发生在前臂,多因跌倒时手撑地所致。非优势侧肢体骨折明显多于优势侧,2/3的骨折在前臂远侧1/3。90％以上骨折经保守治疗可获得满意效果。遗留的错位如侧方移位在10岁以下的患儿完全可以自动矫正。旋转移位和较明显的对线不良,尤其尺桡骨之一对线不良都将影响前臂旋转功能。

关键词：前肢骨折儿童诊断治疗并发症

肾动脉下腹主动脉瘤(AAA)分型的形态学表现:对血管内或传统外科处理决择

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德国医学 1997年第2期14卷 81-83页

作者： J.-R.Allenberg H.Schumacher F.Kallinowski H.-H.Eckstein g.m.richter Chirurgische Universittsklinik Heidelberg Sektion GefBchirurgieIm Neuenheimer Feld 110D-69120 HeidelbergGermany

1990年9月外科医师***首次用移植血管内支架(TPEg)对肾动脉下腹主动脉瘤(AAA)进行了治疗。从此,这种方法开始广泛应用。约500例这样的TPEg已在世界范围被采用。本文将着重介绍形态学分型对于决定是采用血管内还是传统外科处理的意义。19... 详细信息

1990年9月外科医师***首次用移植血管内支架(TPEg)对肾动脉下腹主动脉瘤(AAA)进行了治疗。从此,这种方法开始广泛应用。约500例这样的TPEg已在世界范围被采用。本文将着重介绍形态学分型对于决定是采用血管内还是传统外科处理的意义。194例受累病人进行了CTA和动脉造影检查,明确3种形态学基本类型:Ⅰ型肾动脉下主动脉动脉瘤前后连接至少15mm的健康动脉段(总计占10.3％)。Ⅱ型:近端颈部与动脉瘤连接,动脉瘤向远端延伸至髂总动脉:Ⅱa型,至主动脉分叉(27.3％);Ⅱb型,包括部分髂总动脉(16％); Ⅱc型,延伸至髂动脉分叉(32.5％)。Ⅲ型:近端“颈部’消失(13.9％)。Ⅰ型、Ⅱa型和Ⅱb型(分叉处)可考虑行TPEg。考虑到伴发病,使可行TPEg的病人从53.6％减少至30.3％。TPEg对AAA的治疗至今仍与研究条件有关。

关键词：肾下动脉腹主动脉瘤 AAA 分型血管内支架治疗

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BmW公司新型3缸和4缸轿车柴油机

汽车与新动力 2015年第4期47卷 14-18页

作者： N.Ardey W.Stütz D.Hiemesc m.Kaufmann 范明强

BmW公司为直列式发动机开发的新标准部件在汽油机和柴油机上具有很高的通用性。简单介绍3缸和4缸轿车柴油机的开发过程,它们已被配装于mini和BmW X3车型。

关键词：柴油机燃油耗 CO2排放

Relevance of SIRS and Sepsis in Pediatric Liver Transplantation

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Relevance of SIRS and Sepsis in Pediatric Liver Transplantat...

作者： m.Sasse m.Boehne I.Forstmeyer N.richter F.Lehner H.K?ditz T.Kaussen K.Seidemann T.Jack Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care medicine Hannover Medical School Department of general Visceral and Transplantation Surgery Hannover Medical School

Introduction: Liver transplantation（LT） in children has undergone significant changes over the last years. Especially the use of split and living donor transplants even for infants has led to new challenges in pre-and post-operative care. Systemic inflammatory response syndromes（SIRS, sepsis） as well-known complications after LT have not yet been systematically examined in the pediatric population. methods: We analyzed clinical data of 39 pediatric liver transplant recipients regarding potential risk factors for post-transplant SIRS and sepsis. Secondly, the prognostic impact of SIRS and sepsis on post-transplant clinical course, patient and transplant-survival has been analyzed. Results: 64% of patients developed either SIRS（n = 16, 41%） or sepsis（n = 9, 23%） within 30 days after transplantation. No pre-transplant risk factors for increased susceptibility for SIRS or sepsis could be identified. Secondary closure of the abdomen（p = 0.045） and secondary biliary reconstruction（p = 0.043） were associated with a higher incidence of sepsis and were associated with significantly prolonged mechanical ventilation times in the presence of sepsis（p = 0.001）. Patients with sepsis, but not SIRS, stayed significantly longer on PICU（p = 0.021） and suffered from higher mortality（n = 3 versus 0;p = 0.0006）. All deaths within 30 days of transplantation were due to septic multiorgan failure. Neither early SIRS nor sepsis were associated with loss of transplant function. Conclusions: SIRS and sepsis are frequent events after pediatric liver transplantation. Sepsis increased length of PICU-stay and mortality significantly and prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation. Secondary biliary reconstruction and closure of the abdomen could be identified as potential risk factors for sepsis.

关键词： Liver Transplantation SIRS Sepsis Risk Factors Pediatric

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BmW公司采用新一代标准部件的柴油机系列

汽车与新动力 2019年第3期2卷 24-29页

作者： m.Salmansberger[德] D.Hiemesch[德] W.Stütz[德] T.Steinmayr[德] 李媛媛(译) 不详

随着当前高效率发动机系列产品的陆续开发,德国BmW公司对各种车型在行驶性能、燃油消耗及排放值之间的良好折中格外重视。目前,BmW公司已推出改进型3缸和4缸柴油机。其下一步开发目标是进一步降低燃油耗和提升产品质量,同时改善发动机... 详细信息

随着当前高效率发动机系列产品的陆续开发,德国BmW公司对各种车型在行驶性能、燃油消耗及排放值之间的良好折中格外重视。目前,BmW公司已推出改进型3缸和4缸柴油机。其下一步开发目标是进一步降低燃油耗和提升产品质量,同时改善发动机动力性能和声学性能。

关键词：柴油机标准部件燃油耗 CO2排放

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满足未来排放法规的先进三元催化器技术

汽车与新动力 2016年第5期48卷 49-55页

作者： J.Schoenhaber J.m.richter J.Despres m.Schmidt S.Spiess m.Roesch 陈佳

欧洲的新排放法规欧6要求在更多实际行驶工况下达到更严格的碳氢化物（HC）、一氧化碳（CO）、氮氧化物（NOx）和颗粒物排放。该法规还将引入测量CO2排放的全球统一的轻型车试验规程（WLTP）行驶循环和新的实际行驶排放（RDE）要求。RD... 详细信息

欧洲的新排放法规欧6要求在更多实际行驶工况下达到更严格的碳氢化物（HC）、一氧化碳（CO）、氮氧化物（NOx）和颗粒物排放。该法规还将引入测量CO2排放的全球统一的轻型车试验规程（WLTP）行驶循环和新的实际行驶排放（RDE）要求。RDE法规要求确保现代车辆在所有常态行驶工况下都符合排放法规。这就需要有更可靠的排气后处理措施来满足这些新要求。介绍1种为应对新法规而改进的汽油机用三元催化器。在稳态和动态工况下,在若干发动机和车辆上按各种行驶循环对这种催化器进行了试验。这种催化器与之前几代催化器相比具有更好的热稳定性和更低的排气背压。这种新三元催化器具有能降低30%NOx排放的潜力,更重要的是,它能在高动态工况下提高CO/NOx的转化效率。最后,诊断显示,新三元催化器的储氧能力得到了优化。

关键词：催化剂配方排放三元催化器

对未治疗或行Heller肌切除术失败的失弛缓症患者行气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2005年第4期1卷 48-49页

作者： guardino J.m. Vela m.F. Connor J.T. richter J.E. 杨瑗 Department of medicine 3401 N. Broad St. Philadelphia PA 19140 United StatesDr.

Background: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (Hm) has become an increasingly preferred modality to treat achalasia. However, the treatment course after a failed myotomy is controversial with fears that pneumatic dilation (PD) has high perforation risk. goal: To compare success and safety of graded PD with Rigiflex balloons in achalasia patients without a prior Hm (untreated cases) and those with a failed Hm. Study: A total of 108 patients were retrospectively evaluated: 96 untre ated cases (53 male, 43 female, mean age 51 years) and 12 failed Hm (7 male, 5 female, mean age 54 years). Symptoms (dysphagia and regurgitation) and physiologic studies, lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and timed barium swallow, assessed pre-and post-PD. Success was defined as: 1) symptom improvement to ≤ 2 to 4 times per week, and 2) ≥80%decrease in 5-minute barium column height from initial timed barium swallow. Results: A total of 139 PDs performed (117 unt reated cases, 22 failed Hm): 2 perforations in untreated cases and none in faile d Hm group. Baseline demographics were similar, but failed Hm patients had signi ficantly lower LESP and timed barium swallow columns. Despite less LES resistance, failed Hm group (symptom and physiologic success: 50%and 10%) did not do as well after PD as compared with untreated cases (symptom and physiologic success : 74%and 52%, respectively). Five failed Hm patients had good symptom relief a fter PD compared with poor responders these patients were older (>50 years) and had LESP >17 mm Hg. Conclusions: PD perforation risk is not higher after Hm. Des pite lower LES pressure, patients undergoing PD after failed Hm do not do as well as untreated cases. Factors predicting better outcome include older age and higher LES pressure.

关键词：贲门失弛缓症扩张术 Heller 切除术食管下括约肌腔镜吞咽困难统计学特征柱高度次同步