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50 years of scanning electron microscopy of bone——a comprehensive overview of the important discoveries made and insights gained into bone material properties in health,disease,and taphonomy

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Bone Research 2019年第2期7卷 123-137页

作者： furqan a.shah Krisztina Ruscsák Anders Palmquist Department of Biomaterials Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg

Bone is an architecturally complex system that constantly undergoes structural and functional optimisation through renewal and *** scanning electron microscope (SEM) is among the most frequently used instruments for examining *** offers the key advantage of very high spatial resolution coupled with a large depth of field and wide field of *** between incident electrons and atoms on the sample surface generate backscattered electrons,secondary electrons,and various other signals including X-rays that relay compositional and topographical *** selective removal or preservation of specific tissue components (organic,inorganic,cellular,vascular),their individual contribution(s) to the overall functional competence can be *** few restrictions on sample geometry and a variety of applicable sample-processing routes,a given sample may be conveniently adapted for multiple analytical *** a conventional SEM operates at high vacuum conditions that demand clean,dry,and electrically conductive samples,non-conductive materials (e.g.,bone) can be imaged without significant modification from the natural state using an environmental scanning electron *** review highlights important insights gained into bone microstructure and pathophysiology,bone response to implanted biomaterials,elemental analysis,SEM in paleoarchaeology,3D imaging using focused ion beam techniques,correlative microscopy and in situ *** capacity to image seamlessly across multiple length scales within the meso-micro-nano-continuum,the SEM lends itself to many unique and diverse applications,which attest to the versatility and user-friendly nature of this instrument for studying *** technological developments are anticipated for analysing bone using the SEM.

关键词： scanning electron microscopy comprehensive overview important discoveries

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Bone without borders-Monetite-based calcium phosphate guides bone formation beyond the skeletal envelope

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第1期19卷 103-114页

作者： furqan a.shah Martina Jolic Chiara Micheletti Omar Omar Birgitta Norlindh Lena Emanuelsson Håkan Engqvist Thomas Engstrand Anders Palmquist Peter Thomsen Department of Biomaterials Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Materials Science and Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Engineering Sciences Applied Materials Science SectionUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden

Calcium phosphates(CaP)represent an important class of osteoconductive and osteoinductive *** proof-of-concept,we show how a multi-component CaP formulation(monetite,beta-tricalcium phosphate,and calcium pyrophosphate)guides osteogenesis beyond the physiological *** a sheep model,hollow dome-shaped constructs were placed directly over the occipital *** 12 months,large amounts of bone(~75%)occupy the hollow space with strong evidence of ongoing *** of both compact bone(osteonal/osteon-like arrangements)and spongy bone(trabeculae separated by marrow cavities)reveal insights into function/need-driven microstructural *** within the CaP also contain both woven bone and vascularised lamellar *** actively contribute to CaP degradation/*** the constituent phases,only calcium pyrophosphate persists within osseous(cutting cones)and non-osseous(macrophages)*** a translational perspective,this multi-component CaP opens up exciting new avenues for osteotomy-free and minimally-invasive repair of large bone defects and augmentation of the dental alveolar ridge.

关键词： Bone Calcium phosphate Monetite Calcium pyrophosphate Electron microscopy Raman spectroscopy

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Magnesium implant degradation provides immunomodulatory and proangiogenic effects and attenuates peri-implant fibrosis in soft tissues

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第8期26卷 353-369页

作者： Heithem Ben Amara Diana C.Martinez furqan a.shah Anna Johansson Loo Lena Emanuelsson Birgitta Norlindh Regine Willumeit-Römer Tomasz Plocinski Wojciech Swieszkowski Anders Palmquist Omar Omar Peter Thomsen Department of Biomaterials Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Biomaterials Group Materials Design DivisionFaculty of Materials Science and EngineeringWarsaw University of TechnologyWarsawPoland Institute of Metallic Biomaterials Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthachtGermany

Implants made of magnesium(Mg)are increasingly employed in patients to achieve osteosynthesis while degrading in *** Mg implants and Mg^(2+)have been suggested to possess anti-inflammatory properties,the clinically observed soft tissue inflammation around Mg implants is ***,using a rat soft tissue model and a 1-28 d observation period,we determined the temporo-spatial cell distribution and behavior in relation to sequential changes of pure Mg implant surface properties and Mg^(2+)*** to nondegradable titanium(Ti)implants,Mg degradation exacerbated initial *** of Mg degradation products at the tissue-implant interface,culminating at 3 d,actively initiated chemotaxis and upregulated mRNA and protein immunomodulatory markers,particularly inducible nitric oxide synthase and toll-like receptor-4 up to 6 d,yet without a cytotoxic *** vascularization was demonstrated morphologically,preceded by high expression of vascular endothelial growth *** transition to appropriate tissue repair coincided with implant surface enrichment of Ca and P and reduced peri-implant Mg^(2+)*** implants revealed a thinner fibrous encapsulation compared with *** detailed understanding of the relationship between Mg material properties and the spatial and time-resolved cellular processes provides a basis for the interpretation of clinical observations and future tailoring of Mg implants.

关键词： Magnesium Biodegradable implants Inflammation Foreign-body reaction Gene expression Neovascularization

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Joint optimization for secure ambient backscatter communication in NOMA-enabled IoT networks

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第1期9卷 264-269页

作者： Wali Ullah Khan furqan Jameel Asim Ihsan Omer Waqar Manzoor Ahmed Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliability and Trust(SnT)/SigComUniversity of LuxembourgLuxembourg Department of Communications and Networking Aalto University02150EspooFinland Department of Communication and Information Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Department of Engineering Thompson Rivers University(TRU)British Columbia(BC)Canada College of Computer Science and Technology Qingdao UniversityQingdao266071China

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)has emerged as a novel air interface technology for massive connectivity in Sixth-Generation(6G)*** recent integration of NOMA in Backscatter Communication(BC)has triggered significant research interest due to its applications in low-powered Internet of Things(IoT)***,the link security aspect of these networks has not been well *** article provides a new optimization framework for improving the physical layer security of the NOMA ambient BC *** system model takes into account the simultaneous operation of NOMA IoT users and the Backscatter Node(BN)in the presence of multiple EavesDroppers(EDs).The EDs in the surrounding area can overhear the communication of Base Station(BS)and BN due to the wireless broadcast ***,the chief aim is to enhance link security by optimizing the BN reflection coefficient and BS transmit *** gauge the performance of the proposed scheme,we also present the suboptimal NOMA and conventional orthogonal multiple access as benchmark *** Carlo simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the NOMA BC scheme over the pure NOMA scheme without the BC and conventional orthogonal multiple access schemes in terms of system secrecy rate.

关键词： 6G Non-orthogonal multiple access Ambient backscatter communication Internet-of-things Joint optimization Physical layer security

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Fuel loading pattern optimization of a pressurized water reactor by varying internal weights-based particle swarm optimization

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2018年第3期29卷 61-70页

作者： Aneela Zameer Sikander M.Mirza Asifullah Khan furqan Mir Department of Computer and Information Sciences Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Department of Nuclear Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS)

Fuel reload pattern optimization is essential for attaining maximum fuel burnup for minimization of generation cost while minimizing power peaking factor(PPF).The aim of this work is to carry out detailed assessment of particle swarm optimization(PSO) in the context of fuel reload pattern search. With astronomically large number of possible loading patterns, the main constraints are limiting local power peaking factor, fixed number of assemblies,fixed fuel enrichment, and burnable poison rods. In this work, initial loading pattern of fixed batches of fuel assemblies is optimized by using particle swarm optimization technique employing novel feature of varying inertial weights with the objective function to obtain both flat power profile and cycle k_(eff)>1. For neutronics calculation, PSU-LEOPARD-generated assembly depletiondependent group-constant-based ADD files are used. The assembly data description file generated by PSU-LEOPARD is used as input cross-section library to MCRAC code, which computes normalized power profile of all fuel assemblies of PWR nuclear reactor core. The standard PSO with varying inertial weights is then employed to avoid trapping in local minima. A series of experiments havebeen conducted to obtain near-optimal converged fuelloading pattern of 300 MWe PWR Chashma reactor. The optimized loading pattern is found in good agreement with results found in literature. Hybrid scheme of PSO with simulated annealing has also been implemented and resulted in faster convergence.

关键词： PWR Loading pattern optimization PSO PPF In-core fuel management

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: etiology, diagnosis, management and potential alternative therapy

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第4期13卷 143-151页

作者： Mohammad Saleem Muiz Tanvir Muhammad furqan Akhtar Ammara Saleem Department of Pharmacology Punjab University College of PharmacyUniversity of the PunjabLahorePakistan Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Riphah International UniversityLahore CampusPakistan

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever(CCHF)virus belongs to the genus Nairovirus and family *** is a tickborne disease that has mostly been reported from Asia,Africa and *** diagnosis of CCHF is essential for patient care and preventing its spread to normal *** of CCHF is mostly limited to the use of ribavirin and palliative *** practice of using interferon and vaccines has also been proved to be ineffective and unsafe.A search for an effective alternative treatment of the CCHF still ***,the current review focusses on the cause,prevalence,mode of transmission,pathophysiology,signs,symptoms,diagnostic features and treatment options of *** review also highlights the possible alternative therapy in the form of antiviral medicinal plants which are effective against viral hemorrhagic *** medicinal plants have shown convincing evidence for their activities against different viral hemorrhagic fevers and may be used alone or in combination with existing therapies to achieve an optimum therapeutic response.

关键词： Congo fever Dengue fever Alternative therapy Antiviral plants

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China-Pakistan Economic Cooperation:The Case of Special Economic Zones(SEZs)

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2020年第4期13卷 453-472页

作者： Ejaz Hussain Muhammad furqan Rao Department of Social Sciences Iqra UniversityPlot No.5H-9IslamabadPakistan Tsinghua University BeyingChina

This article attempts to underscore the extraordinary significance of Special Eco-nomic Zones(SEZs)in the industrialization and economic growth of Pakistan as well as the development and consolidation of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC)-which is a core component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Though Pakistan has previously experimented with SEZs,its scale,outreach and impact on the country's economy and society remained very ***,the proposed SEZs under the CPEC offer new opportunities for mutual economic cooperation,investment,human resource development,sustained industrialization and,above all,the consolidation of ***,there are several challenges ranging from structural issues to security problems that the proposed SEZs,in particular,and CPEC,in general,*** article,thus,provides a comprehensive set of strategies to convert challenges into capabilities.

关键词： CPEC SEZs BRI China Pakistan

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Prediction of Vibration Characteristics in Beam Structure Using Sub-Scale Modeling with Experimental Validation

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第5期28卷 928-934页

作者： ZAI Behzad Ahmed SAMI Saad KHAN M Amir AHMAD furqan PARK Myung Kyun Structure Design and Development Directorate Institute of Space Technology Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering KAIST Department of Mechanical Engineering Myongji University

Geometric or sub-scale modeling techniques are used for the evaluation of large and complex dynamic structures to ensure accurate reproduction of load path and thus leading to true dynamic characteristics of such structures. The sub-scale modeling technique is very effective in the prediction of vibration characteristics of original large structure when the experimental testing is not feasible due to the absence of a large testing facility. Previous researches were more focused on free and harmonic vibration case with little or no consideration for readily encountered random vibration. A sub-scale modeling technique is proposed for estimating the vibration characteristics of any large scale structure such as Launch vehicles, Mega structures, etc., under various vibration load cases by utilizing precise scaled-down model of that dynamic structure. In order to establish an analytical correlation between the original structure and its scaled models, different scale models of isotropic cantilever beam are selected and analyzed under various vibration conditions（ i.e. free, harmonic and random） using finite element package ANSYS. The developed correlations are also validated through experimental testing The prediction made from the vibratory response of the scaled-down beam through the established sets of correlation are found similar to the response measured from the testing of original beam structure. The established correlations are equally applicable in the prediction of dynamic characteristics of any complex structure through its scaled-down models. This paper presents modified sub-scale modeling technique that enables accurate prediction of vibration characteristics of large and complex structure under not only sinusoidal but also for random vibrations.

关键词： sub-scale modeling resonance frequency vibration characteristics scale factors power spectral density

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Reliability Assessment of a Cyber Physical Microgrid System in Island Mode

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2019年第1期5卷 46-55页

作者： Jing Guo Wenxia Liu furqan R.Syed Jianhua Zhang State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China GCL New Energy Suzhou 215000China

As cyber physical systems,microgrids(MGs),with distributed generations and energy management systems,can improve the reliability of power supply for customers in *** quantify the reliability of isolated MGs,a cyber-physical assessment model is *** this model,the circuit breakers and distributed energy resources are treated as the coupling elements between the cyber system and physical system,where the circuit breakers are uniquely modelled by using the Markov process theory based on the indirect interdependencies between cyber physical *** the cyber system,the reliability model of communication networks is formulated based on the link connectivity evaluation *** the physical system,a system state generating method is presented to account for the optimal operation strategy,which considers the influence of the optimization strategy on the failure consequence *** the proposed cyber and physical reliability models,the sequential Monte Carlo(SMC)simulation method is adopted to assess the reliability of islanded *** are carried out on a test system,and results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed assessment ***,one application of the proposed method is on the parameter setting of the cyber system,in terms of enhancing MGs reliability.

关键词： Cyber physical system island mode microgrid reliability assessment sequential Monte Carlo

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Chi-Square and PCA Based Feature Selection for Diabetes Detection with Ensemble Classifier

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1931-1949页

作者： Vaibhav Rupapara furqan Rustam Abid Ishaq Ernesto Lee Imran Ashraf School of Computing and Information Sciences Florida International UniversityUSA Department of Computer Science Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan Department of Computer Science Broward CollegeBroward CountyFloridaUSA Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan-si38541Korea

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is ranked among the top 10 causes of death by the world health *** the last few years,an alarming increase is observed worldwide with a 70%rise in the disease since 2000 and an 80%rise in male *** untreated,it results in complications of many vital organs of the human body which may lead to *** detection of diabetes is a task of signiﬁcant importance to start timely *** study introduces a methodology for the classiﬁcation of diabetic and normal people using an ensemble machine learning model and feature fusion of Chi-square and principal component *** ensemble model,logistic tree classiﬁer(LTC),is proposed which incorporates logistic regression and extra tree classiﬁer through a soft voting *** are also performed using several well-known machine learning algorithms to analyze their performance including logistic regression,extra tree classiﬁer,AdaBoost,Gaussian naive Bayes,decision tree,random forest,and k nearest *** addition,several experiments are carried out using principal component analysis(PCA)and Chi-square(Chi-2)fea-tures to analyze the inﬂuence of feature selection on the performance of machine learning classiﬁ*** indicate that Chi-2 features show high performance than both PCA features and original ***,the highest accuracy is obtained when the proposed ensemble model LTC is used with the proposed fea-ture fusion framework-work which achieves a 0.85 accuracy score which is the highest of the available approaches for diabetes *** addition,the statis-tical T-test proves the statistical signiﬁcance of the proposed approach over other approaches.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus prediction feature fusion ensemble classiﬁer principal component analysis chi-square

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