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Mechanized technologies for scaffolding cultivation in the kiwifruit industry:A review

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2018年第4期5卷 401-410页

作者： Longtao Mu Haozhou Liu Yongjie Cui longsheng fu Yoshinori Gejima College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYanglingShaanxi 712100China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service YanglingShaanxi 712100China Faculty of Agriculture University of MiyazakiGakuen Kibanadai-nishiMiyazaki 8892192Japan

The success of organic and green agricultural fruit production depends on quality and *** the kiwifruit industry becomes ever more commercialized,it is in the interests of the industry to mechanize production,which can promote industrialization and improve industrial value and market ***,New Zealand,Italy,Chile,and China carry out research into the mechanism of kiwifruit *** review describes in detail the current state of the art of pollination,harvesting and grading equipment,including detection and identification,non-destructive end effector,harvesting robots and grading *** technologies that include artificial pollination,harvest mechanization,grading and standardization of production problems are analysed and *** problems directly affect the quality of kiwifruit ***,to solve the various problems that the kiwifruit industry experiences,it is necessary to accelerate the development of mechanized kiwifruit production,realize the mechanization of information acquisition and standardization in order to advance precision agriculture and agricultural wisdom for the *** of the kiwifruit industry must adapt to adjustments in how China’s economic structure develops.

关键词： Kiwifruit Mechanization Pollination Harvesting Grading

Kiwifruit recognition at nighttime using artificial lighting based on machine vision

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第4期8卷 52-59页

作者： fu longsheng Wang Bin Cui Yongjie Su Shuai Yoshinori Gejima Taiichi Kobayashi College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture Beijing 100089China Faculty of Agriculture University of MiyazakiMiyazaki 889-2192Japan

Most researches involved so far in kiwifruit harvesting robot suggest the scenario of harvesting in daytime for taking advantage of sunlight.A robot operating at nighttime can overcome the problem of low work efficiency and would help to minimize fruit *** addition,artificial lights can be used to ensure constant illumination instead of the variable natural sunlight for image *** paper aims to study the kiwifruit recognition at nighttime using artificial lighting based on machine ***,an RGB camera was placed underneath the canopy so that clusters of kiwifruits could be included in the ***,the images were segmented using an R-G color ***,a group of image processing conventional methods,such as Canny operator were applied to detect the *** image processing results showed that this capturing method could reduce the background noise and overcome any target *** experimental results showed that the optimal artificial lighting ranged approximately between 30-50 *** developed algorithm detected 88.3%of the fruits successfully.

关键词： Elliptic Hough transform image capturing method Kiwifruit minimal bounding rectangle optimal illumination intensity

Physical and mechanical properties of hydroponic lettuce for automatic harvesting

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2021年第4期8卷 550-559页

作者： Wenqi Wang Yidong Ma longsheng fu Yongjie Cui Yaqoob Majeed College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYangling 712100China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service Yangling 712100China College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003China Centre for Precision and Automated Agricultural Systems Washington State UniversityProsserWA 99350USA

To design an automatic harvesting machine for hydroponic lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.),physical and mechanical properties of hydroponic lettuce were investigated and *** content of stem,root and leaf,geometric characteristics,pulling force,and root cutting force were studied for harvesting hydroponic *** pulling force was examined by a tensile experiment,while the root cutting force was investigated by a shear experiment on the electronic universal testing *** moisture content of hydroponic lettuce was obtained by direct *** data were processed using regression analysis and mathematical statistics method.A regression equation and the law of numerical distribution were *** results showed that the geometric size of different hydroponic lettuce had little difference,and the distribution of physical parameters was *** content was found statistically similar in stem and root(around 91%),while the highest moisture content was found in the leaf of 95.73%.The root cutting force decrease with the increase of cutting speed and decrease with the cutting position move *** minimum average root cutting force in the experiment was 1.41 *** average pulling force was 13 *** study provides adequate theoretical support for the design of the automatic harvesting machine of hydroponic lettuce.

关键词： Greenhouse vegetable Harvester Variance analysis Response surface

Effects of cutter parameters on shearing stress for lettuce harvesting using a specially developed fixture

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第4期14卷 152-158页

作者： Yongjie Cui Wenqi Wang Minghui Wang Yidong Ma longsheng fu College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service Yangling 712100ShaanxiChina College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003HenanChina

To investigate the optimal parameters combination of reciprocating cutter for harvesting hydroponic lettuce automatically,a shear fixture was designed for cutting lettuce stems on a universal materials *** of blade distance,sliding cutting angle,skew cutting angle,and shearing angle on shearing stress were investigated in this *** orders of the significance of a single factor and double factors were analyzed using the response surface methodology(RSM).A scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure of the lettuce stem to analyze the shearing characteristics at the microscopic *** RSM results showed that the order of significance for single factors was(i)sliding cutting angle,(ii)shearing angle,(iii)skew cutting angle,and(iv)blade *** sliding cutting angle had a highly significant influence on the shearing *** order of significance for double factors was(i)blade distance and shearing angle,(ii)sliding cutting angle and skew cutting angle,and(iii)the sliding cutting angle and shearing angle.A quadratic model of the factors and shearing stress was built according to the response-surface *** optimized combination of factors that gives the minimum shearing stress was observed that it reduced 69.9%of the maximum shearing stress *** research can provide a reference for designing lettuce-cutting devices.

关键词： Lactuca sativa hydroponic lettuce cutting optimization response surface method micro-structure

Design and simulation of an integrated end-effector for picking kiwifruit by robot

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2020年第1期7卷 58-71页

作者： Longtao Mu Gongpei Cui Yadong Liu Yongjie Cui longsheng fu Yoshinori Gejima College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China China Aviation Lithium Battery Research Institute Co. LtdChangzhouJiangsu 213200China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYanglingShaanxi 712100China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service YanglingShaanxi 712100China Faculty of Agriculture University of MiyazakiMiyazaki 8892192Japan

The harvesting of fresh kiwifruit is a labor-intensive operation that accounts for more than 25%of annual production *** harvesting technologies are thus being developed to reduce labor requirements for harvesting *** improve the efficiency of a harvesting robot for picking kiwifruit,we designed an end-effector,which we report herein along with the results of tests to verify its *** using the established method of automated picking discussed in the literature and which is based on the characteristics of kiwifruit,we propose an automated method to pick kiwifruit that consists of separating the fruit from its stem on the *** method is experimentally verified by using it to pick clustered kiwifruit in a scaffolding canopy *** the experiment,the end-effector approaches a fruit from below and then envelops and grabs it with two bionic *** fingers are then bent to separate the fruit from its *** grabbing,picking,and unloading processes are integrated,with automated picking and unloading performed using a connecting rod linkage following a trajectory *** trajectory was analyzed and validated by using a simulation implemented in the software Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems(ADAMS).In addition,a prototype of an end-effector was constructed,and its bionic fingers were equipped with fiber sensors to detect the best position for grabbing the kiwifruit and pressure sensors to ensure that the damage threshold was respected while *** for size and shape were incorporated by following a trajectory groove from grabbing and picking to *** end-effector separates clustered kiwifruit and automatically grabs individual *** takes on average 4–5 s to pick a single fruit,with a successful picking rate of 94.2%in an orchard test featuring 240 *** study shows the grabbing–picking–unloading robotic end-effector has significant potential to facilitate the harvesting of kiwif

关键词： Kiwifruit End-effector Harvesting robot Trajectory model Simulation analysis

An improved binocular localization method for apple based on fruit detection using deep learning

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农业信息处理(英文) 2023年第2期10卷 276-287页

作者： Tengfei Li Wentai Fang Guanao Zhao Fangfang Gao Zhenchao Wu Rui Li longsheng fu Jaspreet Dhupia College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYanglingShaanxi 712100China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service YanglingShaanxi 712100China Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand

Apple picking robot is now being developed as an alternative to hand picking due to a great demand for labor during apple harvest *** detection and localization of target fruit is necessary for robotic apple *** accuracy has a great influence on localization *** current researches on detection and localization of apples using traditional image algorithms can obtain good results under laboratory conditions,it is difficult to accurately detect and locate objects in natural field with complex *** the rapid development of artificial intelligence,accuracy of apple detection based on deep learning has been significantly ***,a deep learningbased method was developed to accurately detect and locate the position of *** different localization methods,binocular localization is a widely used localization method for its bionic principle and lower equipment ***,this paper proposed an improved binocular localization method for apple based on fruit detection using deep ***,apples of binocular images were detected by Faster *** that,a segmentation based on chromatic aberration and chromatic aberration ratio was applied to segment apple and background pixels in bounding box of detected ***,template matching with parallel polar line constraint was used to match apples in left and right ***,two feature points on apples were selected to directly calculate three dimensional coordinates of feature points with the binocular localization *** this study,Faster R-CNN achieved an AP of 88.12%with an average detection speed of 0.32 s for an ***,standard deviation and localization precision of depth of two feature points on each apple were calculated to evaluate *** showed that the average standard deviation and the average localization precision of 76 groups of datasets were 0.51 cm and 99.64%,*** indicated that the p

关键词： Deep learning Object detection Faster R-CNN Template matching Image segmentation Binocular localization

Detection of abnormal hydroponic lettuce leaves based on image processing and machine learning

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第1期10卷 1-10页

作者： Ruizhe Yang Zhenchao Wu Wentai Fang Hongliang Zhang Wenqi Wang longsheng fu Yaqoob Majeed Rui Li Yongjie Cui College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Xi’an Agriculture Machinery Management and Extension Station Xi’anShaanxi 710065China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYanglingShaanxi 712100China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service YanglingShaanxi 712100China Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Center for Precision and Automated Agricultural Systems Washington State UniversityProsserWA 99350USA Suide County Lanhuahua Ecological Food Co. Ltd.SuideShaanxi 718000China

Accurate and fast detection of abnormal hydroponic lettuce leaves is primary technology for robotic *** and rotten leaves are main types of abnormal leaves in hydroponic *** study aims to demonstrate a feasibility of detecting yellow and rotten leaves of hydroponic lettuce by machine learning models,*** Linear Regression(MLR),K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN),and Support Vector Machine(SVM).One-way analysis of variance was applied to reduce RGB,HSV,and L*a*b*features number of hydroponic lettuce *** binarization,image mask,and image filling methods were employed to segment hydroponic lettuce from an image for models *** showed that G,H,and a*were selected from RGB,HSV,and L*a*b*for training *** took about 20.25 s to detect an image with 30244032 pixels by KNN,which was much longer than MLR(0.61 s)and SVM(1.98 s).MLR got detection accuracies of 89.48%and 99.29%for yellow and rotten leaves,respectively,while SVM reached 98.33%and 97.91%,*** was more robust than MLR in detecting yellow and rotten leaves of ***,it was possible for abnormal hydroponic lettuce leaves detection by machine learning methods.

关键词： Hydroponic lettuce Machine learning Image processing Abnormal leaves Automatic sorting

Biochanin A,as the Lrg1/TGF-β/Smad2 pathway blockade,attenuates blood-brain barrier damage after cerebral ischemiareperfusion by modulating leukocyte migration patterns

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BIOCELL 2023年第8期47卷 1869-1883页

作者： longsheng fu JINFANG HU FENG SHAO YAOQI WU WEI BAI MINGJIN JIANG HAO CHEN LIHUA CHEN YANNI LV Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM Ministry of EducationJiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchang330006China Translational Medicine Institute of Jiangxi The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China Neurology Department The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China

Background:Biochanin A is an excellent dietary isoflavone that has the concomitant function of both medicine and *** attenuation function of biochanin A on blood-brain barrier(BBB)damage induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion remains ***:C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 1 h middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)followed by 24 h *** infarct volume of the brain was stained by TTC,while leakage of the brain was quantitatively stained by Evans blue,and the neurologic deficit score was ***-induced morphologic changes were observed via immunofluorescence staining,and rolling and adhering leukocytes in venules were observed via two-photon imaging,while the inner fluorescein isothiocyanate-albumin of venules were compared with those of surrounding interstitial area through venular albumin ***:The attenuation effect of biochanin A on tight junction injury was compared in ischemia-reperfusion mice or conventional knockdown of leucine-richα2-glycoprotein 1(Lrg1)*** A could ameliorate BBB injury in mice with cerebral ischemiareperfusion in a dose-dependent manner by strengthening the immunostaining volume of occludin,claudin-5,and zonula *** amoeba morphologic changes of microglial combined with the elevated expression of Lrg1 could be relieved under the treatment of biochanin *** A played a countervailing role on the rolling leukocytes in the vessel,while the leakage of blood vessels was *** A diminished its functions to further improved attenuation for tight junction injury on conventional Lrg1-knockout mice,as well as the inhibition effects on TGF-β1,and the phosphorylation of suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic 2(Smad2)/Smad2 via western blot ***:Biochanin A could alleviate tight junction injury induced by cerebral ischemiareperfusion and blocked the Lrg1/TGF-β/Smad2 pathway to modulate leukocyte migration patterns.

关键词： Biochanin A Blockade Leukocyte migration Blood-brain barrier damage Ischemia-reperfusion Lrg1

Exploring the attenuation mechanisms of Dalbergia odorifera leaves extract on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis

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BIOCELL 2023年第7期47卷 1611-1622页

作者： JINFANG HU JIANGEN AO longsheng fu YAOQI WU FENG SHAO TIANTIAN XU MINGJIN JIANG SHAOFENG XIONG YANNI LV Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China Department of Pharmacy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM Ministry of EducationJiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchang330006China Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang330006China

The attenuation function of Dalbergia odorifera leaves on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)is little *** candidate targets for the Chinese herb were extracted from brain tissues through the high-affinity *** molecular mechanism of *** leaves on cerebral I/R was ***:Serial affinity chromatography based on *** leaves extract(DLE)affinity matrices were applied to find specific binding proteins in the brain tissues implemented on C57BL/6 mice by intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 h and reperfusion for 24 *** binding proteins were subjected to mass-spectrometry to search for the differentially expressed proteins between control and DLE-affinity *** hub genes were screened based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA).Then,predictive biology and potential experimental verification were performed for the candidate *** protective role of DLE in blood-brain barrier damage in cerebral I/R mice was evaluated by the leakage of Evans blue,western blotting,immunohistochemistry,and immunofluorescent ***:952 differentially expressed proteins were classified into seven modules based on WGCNA under soft threshold *** on WGCNA,AKT1,PIK3CA,NOS3,SMAD3,SMAD1,IL6,MAPK1,TGFBR2,TGFBR1,MAPK3,IGF1R,LRG1,mTOR,ROCK1,TGFB1,IL1B,SMAD2,and SMAD518 candidate hub proteins were involved in turquoise ***-β,MAPK,focal adhesion,and adherens junction signaling pathway were associated with candidate hub *** ontology analysis demonstrated that candidate hub proteins were related to the TGF-βreceptor signaling pathway,common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation,*** could significantly reduce the leakage of Evans blue in mice with cerebral I/R,while attenuating the expression of occludin,claudin-5,and zonula *** blotting demonstrated that regulation of TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway played an essential role in the protective effect of ***:

关键词： Dalbergia odorifera leaves Serial affinity chromatography WGCNA Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion TGF-β SMADS