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STRAIN-GRADIENT STRESS ANALYSIS IN SAINT-VENANT BENDING

Acta Mechanica Sinica 1996年第3期12卷 225-242页

作者： friedrich wilhelm hecker Jerzy Tadeusz Pindera Technische Universitat Braunschweig D-38106 Braunschweig Germany University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada

Light beam deflections caused by stress or strain gradients are inves- tigated analytically and experimentally in homogeneous beam specimens which are subjected to a particular case of flexure with shear. This study is a generalization of the prior an alytical-experimental examination of strain-gradient light deflections produced in stressed plates, which had concentrated on the simplest case where in- formation of interest is collected along a line of symmetry of the stress field. Main purpose of the present investigation is to document the efficacy of the strain-gradient method in analysis of the general case of stress state. The most interesting stress state is that in a beam subjected to the Saint-Venant bending, where the transversal and the longitudinal axes of the beam are in pure shear. The obtained results are compared with the predictions of the developed analytical models and with the pre- dictions of Filon's stress function. The procedures of evaluating the photoelastic and material coefficients using strain-gradient techniques were tested positively.

关键词： experimental stress analysis applied mechanics optical methods light propagation strain-gradient light bending testing mathematical models

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Long-term results of olecranon fractures treated using the XS nail? system

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中华创伤杂志(英文版) 2022年第6期25卷 336-344页

作者： H?chtl-Lee Leonard Spalteholz Matthias Raven Tim friedrich Moghaddam Arash Friedl wilhelm Aschaffenburg Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Group Center for Orthopaedics Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine Hospital Aschaffenburg-Alzenau GGmbH Am Hasenkopf 1 Aschaffenburg Germany Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Leipzig Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Rotkreuzklinik Wertheim GGmbH Wertheim Am Main

Purpose: Olecranon fractures are particularly vulnerable to distraction and subsequent fracture dislocation due to the high tensile forces. Surgical treatment aims at reducing the fracture and restoring the anatomical joint surface condition, as well as neutralizing the strain inhibiting fracture healing. The XS nail? (Intercus GmbH, Bad Blankenberg, Germany), an intramedullary implant exerting compression across the entire fracture surface, unlike plates, leaves a minimal extra-cortical profile, and can be secured with threaded locking wires, thereby retaining the anatomical reduction without displacement or steps within the articular surface, which was often found in tension band wiring. After encouraging initial results, the long-term outcome was assessed. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the long-term outcome of patients surgically treated at our trauma center between January 2002 and December 2005 using the XS nail?. Patients over the age of 18 years eligible for the study must have undergone surgery for isolated, recent (less than 14 days) traumatic olecranon fractures, without concomitant injuries to the ipsilateral elbow and forearm. Further exclusion criteria were pseudarthrosis, re-fractures and osteotomy for distal humerus surgery, as well as polytraumatized patients unable to aid in their own recovery. Data were retrospectively gathered by standardised questionnaire and patient records, as well as surgery and anesthesiology reports. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Office Excel? 2016. Results: There were 32 patients, 13 males (mean age 49.0 years) and 19 females (mean age 68.9 years) with 11 Schatzkers type D, 7 each type A and C, 5 type B and 2 type E at an average of 55.2 months, all showing complete consolidation. Of them, 6 patients had a loss of range of motion with more than 10° in the sagittal plane, and only 1 patient exceeded 10° reduction of supina

关键词： Olecranon fracture Intramedullary nail Treatment DASH XS nail

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Intraprosthetic fixation techniques in the treatment of periprosthetic fractures: A biomechanical study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2012年第10期3卷 162-166页

作者： Stephan Brand Johannes Klotz Thomas Hassel Maximilian Petri Carl Haasper friedrich-wilhelm Bach Christian Krettek Thomas Goesling Department of Trauma Medical School Hannover (MHH) D-30625 Hannover Germany Department of Material Sciences Leibniz University Hannover D-30625 Hannover Germany

AIM: To develop new fixation techniques for the treatment of periprosthetic fractures using intraprosthetic screw fixation with inserted threaded liners. METHODS: A Vancouver B1 periprosthetic fracture was simulated in femur prosthesis constructs using sawbones and cemented regular straight hip stems. Fixation was then performed with either unicortical locked-screw plating using the less invasive stabilization system-plate or with intraprosthetic screw fixation using inserted liners. Two experimental groups were formed using either prostheses made of titanium alloy or prostheses made of cobalt chrome alloy. Fixation stability was compared in an axial load-to-failure model. Drilling was performed using a specially invented prosthesis drill with constantly applied internal ***: The intraprosthetic fixation model with titanium prostheses was superior to the unicortical lockedscrew fixation in all tested devices. The intraprosthetic fixation model required 10 456 N ± 1892 N for failure and the unicortical locked-screw plating required 7649 N ± 653 N(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the second experimental group and the control ***: Intraprosthetic screw anchorage with special threaded liners enhances the primary stability in treating periprosthetic fractures by internal fixation.

关键词： Periprosthetic fracture Less invasive stabilization system Plate fixation Intraprosthetic screw fixation Material science Biomechanical testing Axial load-to-failure

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Layer-like FAU-type zeolites:A comparative view on different preparation routes

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 127-142页

作者： Bastian Reiprich Tobias Weissenberger wilhelm Schwieger Alexandra Inayat Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NumbergErlangen 91058Germany

The creation of intergrown layer-like zeolite crystals is one route to form hierarchical ***-type(FAU-type)zeolites are among the industrially most important zeolites and the implementation of hierarchical porosity is a promising way to optimise their catalytic and adsorptive *** a short general survey into routes for the preparation of hierarchical pore systems in FAU,we will review the currently existing strategies for the synthesis of FAU with layer-like *** strategies are mainly based on the presence of morphology modifying agents in the synthesis ***,a very recent approach is the synthesis of layer-like FAU-type zeolite crystals assembled in an intergrown manner in the absence of such additives,just by finely adjusting the crystallization *** additive-free preparation route for layer-like FAU,which appears very attractive from an ecological as well as economic point of view,is highlighted in this ***,a comparison,including powder X-ray diffraction,scanning and transmission electron microscopy,nitrogen physisorption and elemental analysis,between conventional FAU and three layer-like FAU obtained by different synthesis routes was carried out to show the structural,morphological and textural differences and similarities of these materials.

关键词： FAU hierarchical zeolite layer-like morphology

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Nietzsche Werke historisch-kritische Ausgabe.

Nietzsche Werke historisch-kritische Ausgabe.

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1994年

作者： Nietzsche friedrich wilhelm

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Nietzsche Werke : Kritische Gesamtausgabe /

Nietzsche Werke : Kritische Gesamtausgabe /

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1995年

作者： Nietzsche friedrich wilhelm

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[Works. 1994. [Computer file]]

[Works. 1994. [Computer file]]

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1994年

作者： Nietzsche friedrich wilhelm 1844-1900.

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Long-term results of olecranon fractures treated using the XS nail® system

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2022年第6期25卷 336-344页

作者： Leonard Hochtl-Lee Matthias Spalteholz Tim friedrich Raven Arash Moghaddam wilhelm Friedl Aschaffenburg Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Group Center for OrthopaedicsTrauma Surgery and Sports MedicineHospital Aschaffenburg-Alzenau GGmbHAm Hasenkopf1AschaffenburgGermany Center for Orthopaedicsand Trauma Surgery LeipzigGermany Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Rotkreuzklinik Wertheim GGmbHWertheim Am MainGermany

Purpose:Olecranon fractures are particularly vulnerable to distraction and subsequent fracture dislocation due to the high tensile *** treatment aims at reducing the fracture and restoring the anatomical joint surface condition,as well as neutralizing the strain inhibiting fracture *** XS nail®(Intercus GmbH,Bad Blankenberg,Germany),an intramedullary implant exerting compression across the entire fracture surface,unlike plates,leaves a minimal extra-cortical profile,and can be secured with threaded locking wires,thereby retaining the anatomical reduction without displacement or steps within the articular surface,which was often found in tension band *** encouraging initial results,the long-term outcome was ***:This retrospective study evaluated the long-term outcome of patients surgically treated at our trauma center between January 2002 and December 2005 using the XS nail®.Patients over the age of 18 years eligible for the study must have undergone surgery for isolated,recent(less than 14 days)traumatic olecranon fractures,without concomitant injuries to the ipsilateral elbow and *** exclusion criteria were pseudarthrosis,re-fractures and osteotomy for distal humerus surgery,as well as polytraumatized patients unable to aid in their own *** were retrospectively gathered by standardised questionnaire and patient records,as well as surgery and anesthesiology *** analysis was performed using Microsoft Office Excel?***:There were 32 patients,13 males(mean age 49.0 years)and 19 females(mean age 68.9 years)with 11 Schatzkers type D,7 each type A and C,5 type B and 2 type E at an average of 55.2 months,all showing complete *** them,6 patients had a loss of range of motion with more than 10°in the sagittal plane,and only 1 patient exceeded 10°reduction of ***-five patients reported being pain-free under all circumstances,and all but 2 patients(93.75%)had returned to

关键词： Olecranon fracture Intramedullary nail Treatment DASH XS nail

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Plant Surfaces:Structures and Functions for Biomimetic Innovations

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Nano-Micro Letters 2017年第2期9卷 116-155页

作者： wilhelm Barthlott Matthias Mail Bharat Bhushan Kerstin Koch Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of BonnVenusbergweg 2253115 BonnGermany Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation(INRES)–Horticultural Science Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of BonnAuf dem Hugel 653121 BonnGermany

An overview of plant surface structures and their evolution is presented. It combines surface chemistry and architecture with their functions and refers to possible biomimetic applications. Within some 3.5 billion years biological species evolved highly complex multifunctional surfaces for interacting with their environments: some 10 million living prototypes(i.e., estimated number of existing plants and animals) for engineers. The complexity of the hierarchical structures and their functionality in biological organisms surpasses all abiotic natural surfaces: even superhydrophobicity is restricted in nature to living organisms and was probably a key evolutionary step with the invasion of terrestrial habitats some 350–450 million years ago in plants and insects. Special attention should be paid to the fact that global environmental change implies a dramatic loss of species and with it the biological role models. Plants, the dominating group of organisms on our planet, are sessile organisms with large multifunctional surfaces and thus exhibit particular intriguing *** and superhydrophobicity are focal points in this work. We estimate that superhydrophobic plant leaves(e.g., grasses) comprise in total an area of around 250 million km^2, which is about 50% of the total surface of our planet. A survey of structures and functions based on own examinations of almost 20,000 species is provided, for further references we refer to Barthlott et al.(Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 374: 20160191, 1). A basic difference exists between aquatic nonvascular and land-living vascular plants; the latter exhibit a particular intriguing surface chemistry and architecture. The diversity of features is described in detail according to their hierarchical structural order. The first underlying and essential feature is the polymer cuticle superimposed by epicuticular wax and the curvature of single cells up to complex multicellular structures. A descriptive terminology for t

关键词： Bionics Superhydrophobicity Hierarchical structuring Lotus effect Salvinia effect Evolution

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每一个不曾起舞的日子，都是对生命的辜负

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作者： (德)尼采(friedrich wilhelm Nietzsche)

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