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Rice spouted bed for manufacturing inclusion complexes of Endopleura uchi l extracts in β-cyclodextrin

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particuology 2019年第1期17卷 208-215页

作者： l.V.D. freitas A.C.R. Montes E.I.A. Campos E.C. Conceicao l.A. Tacon A.D. lanchote l.A.p.freitas Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao preto University of Sao PauloVia do Cafe s/n14040-903Ribeirao PretoSPBrazil

Uxi (Endopleura uchi) is a plant from the Brazilian Amazon. It has many biological activities that are attributed to its main active component, bergenin (BG), which has low water solubility. The aim of this work was to obtain β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexes of uxi using lyophilized cooked rice as the solid substrate. The process was studied using a Box–Behnken design with the solution feed rate, molar ratio of β-CD to BG, and rice bed load as factors. These factors greatly affected the product bulk density, angle of repose, water content, and BG content, loss, and water solubility. The optimum process conditions determined using a desirability functions methodology were an extract feed rate of 1 ml/min, a ratio of β-CD to BG of 3:1, and a substrate load of 100 g. The predicted values under the optimum conditions were close to the experimental results of a water content of 5.8%± 0.2%, BG content of 985.7 ± 15.4 μg/g, BG water solubility of 2230.2 ± 21.1 μg/ml, and BG loss of 1.2%± 0.1%. These results confirm that spouted beds are an important tool for rapid, one-step preparation of pharmaceutical β-CD inclusion complexes in a solid form.

关键词： Bergenin Chromatography Yield Active loss Solubility

Choledocholithiasis: Evolving standards for diagnosis and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3162-3167页

作者： Marilee l freitas Robert l Bell Andrew J Duffy Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine 40 Temple StreetSuite 3 ANew HavenCT 06510United States

Cholelithiasis, one of the most common medical conditions leading to surgical intervention, affects approximately 10 % of the adult population in the United States. Choledocholithiasis develops in about 10%-20% of patients with gallbladder stones and the literature suggests that at least 3%-10% of patients undergoing cholecystectomy will have common bile duct （CBD） stones. CBD stones may be discovered preoperatively, intraoperatively or postoperatively Multiple modalities are available for assessing patients for choledocholithiasis including laboratory tests, ultrasound, computed tomography scans （CT）, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography （MRCp）. Intraoperative cholangiography during cholecystectomy can be used routinely or selectively to diagnose CBD stones. The most common intervention for CBD stones is ERCp. Other commonly used interventions include intraoperative bile duct exploration, either laparoscopic or open. percutaneous, transhepatic stone removal other novel techniques of biliary clearance have been devised. The availability, of equipment and skilled practitioners who are facile with these techniques varies among institutions. The timing of the intervention is olden dictated by the clinical situation.

关键词： Choledocholithiasis laparoscopy Diagnosis Treatment Cholangiogram

The transformation of agriculture in Brazil through development and adoption of Zero Tillage Conservation Agriculture

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2014年第1期2卷 35-46页

作者： p.l.de freitas J.N.landers Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-National Centre for Soil Research(Embrapa Soils) Agronomist M.Sc.Hon.DirectorZero Tillage Farmers’Association for the Cerrado Region of Brazil

The soil conservation movement in Brazil has been a major driving force in the continuing search for agricultural farming systems that are more sustainable than what we have today,particularly in tropical and subtropical *** development and adoption of Zero Tillage Conservation Agriculture(ZT/CA)was the key to the success of this movement,generating agricultural,environmental,and societal *** of the ZT/CA philosophy and technologies is currently practiced on more than 50%of the annual crop *** is due to the work and innovations of pioneering farmers,agronomists,researchers,and consultants that were and are involved in these *** extensive adoption of ZT/CA occurred after many unsuccessful efforts to mitigate against the devastating effects of soil erosion that were threatening the entire agricultural industry in *** and farmers realized that erosion control required continual cover of the soil to guard against the torrential rain storms common to these *** triggered the efforts of soil conservation pioneers at different points in time and regions of *** southern Brazil,Herbert Bartz,watched his topsoil eroding away in torrents of *** set him thinking and searching for alternatives,resulting in his adoption of ZT/CA farming in *** years later in Brazil’s centre-western savannah(Cerrado biome),farmers,researchers,crop consultants and agro-industry initiated efforts to expand cultivation into the very difficult production region of the *** was successfully achieved through the pioneering work of agronomist John landers,bringing experience from the ZT/CA farmer association networks in the *** were the turning points in the sustainable development of annual crop farming in ***,society recognizes the role of these pioneers as key to achieving social,economic and environmental ***/CA reversed the historically accelerating degradation of soil organic matter

关键词： Soil conservation Zero tillage Conservation agriculture Sustainable soil management Soil organic matter

pharmaceutical applications of spouted beds: A review on solid dosage forms

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particuology 2019年第1期17卷 126-136页

作者： luis Alexandre pedro de freitas Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao preto University of Sao PauloVia do Cafe s/n. Campus USPRibeirao Preto14040-903Sao Paulo. Brazil

Spouted beds (SBs) have a long history of successful applications for preparation of solid dosage forms of pharmaceuticals. The well-known versatility of SBs, provided by different design and operational factors, and their efficient mixing of solids allow for engineering of technological characteristics of pharmaceutical solid forms. particle properties like morphology, size, porosity, flowability, and dissolution rate can be improved by managing geometric and operational conditions for spouting. Drying is probably the most disseminated operation for pharmaceutical processing in SBs, and many studies have investigated drying of medicinal plant extracts such as achiote (Bixa orellana sp.), guarana (paullinia cupana sp.), passion flower (passiflora alata D.), and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis l.) with excellent pharmacotechnical and stability results. Another important application is coating of tablets and gelatin capsules, and previous studies have shown that SBs and spout–fluid beds may be advantageous over traditional pan coating, especially for polymeric film coating. Recently, an alternative process for improving drug bioavailability has involved preparation of β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes in SBs. The first study to propose SBs for this pharmaceutical application explored the advantage of obtaining solid forms of inclusion complexes in just one step, and obtained expressive increases in drug solubility. The technique has been applied in subsequent studies on inclusion complexes of the medication carvedilol and uxi (Endopleura uchi l.) extracts.

关键词： Coating Drying Granulation Inclusion Microencapsulation

Nonformal environmental education:a case study with farmers in a town of the South Minas Gerais state,Brazil

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Chinese Journal of population,Resources and Environment 2015年第4期13卷 324-331页

作者： Mirlaine R.freitas Stella V.B.G.Matias Renato l.G.Macedo Matheus p.freitas Nelson Venturin Department of Forest Science Federal University of Lavras Department of Chemistry Federal University of Lavras

Brazil is a central place in the international agricultural markets and this fact has been demanding environmentally oriented agricultural practices by Brazilian farmers and professionals involved in the agricultural market chain.A concise and structured questionnaire was applied to obtain the environmental perception of a group of Brazilian farmers in a town of the south Minas Gerais state,using herbicides as the topic for a case study.A highly variable opinion about taking the environment into account when choosing the most appropriate herbicide was ***,efficacy has been indicated as the most important factor when choosing an herbicide,followed by the environment and *** outcomes from the questionnaires,*** insufficient conception and importance given to environment when choosing the herbicide,motivated the creation of a teaching-learning model for the nonformal environmental education using the concept of socio-ecological *** routine puts in practice the resilience thinking currently invoked as a major tool to achieve the conservation of the socio-ecological system,as well as it is complimentary to the outcome-oriented optimization for conservation *** the case study about farmers and the use of herbicides,we conclude that a complex reasoning and,ultimately,pro-environmental actions can be improved after experiencing the recommended model for environmental education.

关键词： environmental perception farmers herbicides resilience thinking socio-ecological system

Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries as a sustainable solution to obtain raw materials for different applications

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第4期79卷 118-134页

作者： V.M.leal J.S.Ribeiro E.l.D.Coelho M.B.J.G.freitas Federal University of Espírito Santo Department of ChemistryLaboratory of Electrochemistry and ElectrochemistryAv.Fernando Ferrari514VitóriaES 29075-910Brazil

lithium-ion batteries(lIBs)containing graphite as anode material and liCoO_(2),liMn_(2)O_(4),and liNi_(x)Mn_(y)Co_(z)O_(2) as cathode materials are the most used worldwide because of their high energy density,capacitance,durability,and ***,such widespread use implies the generation of large amounts of electronic *** is estimated that more than 11 million ton of lIBs waste will have been generated by *** recycling can contribute to minimizing environmental contamination and reducing production costs through the recovery of high-value raw materials such as lithium,cobalt,and *** most common processes used to recycle spent lIBs are pyrometallurgical,biometallurgical,and *** the current scenario,it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly methods to recycle batteries and synthesize materials with multiple technological *** study presents a review of industrial and laboratory processes for recycling spent lIBs and producing materials that can be used in new batteries,energy storage devices,electrochemical sensors,and photocatalytic reactions.

关键词： li-ion batteries Recycling Cathode Battery Hydrometallurgical pyrometallurgical

prevascularized spongy-like hydrogels maintain their angiogenic potential after prolonged hypothermic storage

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Bioactive Materials 2024年第7期37卷 253-268页

作者： Sara freitas-Ribeiro Helena Moreira lucília p.da Silva Jennifer Noro Belem Sampaio-Marques paula ludovico Mariana Jarnalo Ricardo Horta Alexandra p.Marques Rui l.Reis Rogerio p.pirraco B’s Research Group I3Bs-Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAveParkParque de Ciencia e TecnologiaZona Industrial da Gandra4805-017BarcoGuimaraesPortugal ICVS/3B’s-pT Government Associate laboratory Braga/GuimaraesPortugal life and Health Sciences Research Institute(ICVS) School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal Department of plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Burn UnityCentro Hospitalar de Sao JoaoPortoPortugal Faculty of Medicine-University of porto Portugal

The chronic shortage of organs and tissues for transplantation represents a dramatic burden on healthcare systems *** engineering offers a potential solution to address these shortages,but several challenges remain,with prevascularization being a critical factor for in vivo survival and integration of tissue engineering ***,a different challenge hindering the clinical implementation of such products,regards their efficient preservation from the fabrication site to the *** has emerged as a potential solution for this issue due to its milder effects on biologic systems in comparison with other cold preservation *** impact on prevascularization,however,has not been well *** this work,3D prevascularized constructs were fabricated using adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells and preserved at 4◦C using Hypothermosol or basal culture media(α-MEM).Hypothermosol efficiently preserved the structural and cellular integrity of prevascular networks as compared to constructs before *** contrast,the use ofα-MEM led to a clear reduction in prevascular structures,with concurrent induction of high levels of apoptosis and autophagy at the cellular *** vivo evaluation using a chorioallantoic membrane model demonstrated that,in opposition toα-MEM,Hypothermosol preservation retained the angiogenic potential of constructs before preservation by recruiting a similar number of blood vessels from the host and presenting similar integration with host *** results emphasize the need of studying the impact of preservation techniques on key properties of tissue engineering constructs such as prevascularization,in order to validate and streamline their clinical application.

关键词： Tissue engineering prevascularization Hypothermic preservation Clinical translation

Experimental and numerical analysis on suitability of S-Glass-Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites for submarine hull

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第1期19卷 1-11页

作者： Elango Natarajan lídio Inacio freitas M.S.Santhosh Kalaimani Markandan Ammar Abdulaziz Majeed Al-Talib C.S.Hassan Faculty of Engineering Technology and Built EnvironmentUCSI UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia Dili Institute of Technology DiliTimor-Leste Selvam Composite Materials Research laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringSelvam College of TechnologyTamil NaduIndia

Suitability of S-Glass/carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite for submarine hull subjected to hydrostatic pressure has been investigated in the present *** materials have raised concerns owing to their decomposition due to low resistance towards salinity and hence polymer composites have been explored to showcase their mechanical stability to withstand transverse and impact *** this end,the mechanical properties of S-Glass/carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite were experimentally investigated and higher specific strength and stiffness of the composite in comparison to many metallic materials used for submarine hull were *** obtained experimental values were used for the static and dynamic crash analysis of the bow,stern and foil through Finite Element Analysis(FEA);where depth of travel was varied from sea surface level of 0-7000 *** assembly was later developed with the optimum shape and thickness of each *** also report the nonlinear crash analysis upon impact at velocity ranging from 3 to 21 m/***,kinetic energy,acceleration peak and internal energy in struck submarine revealed that travel depth 1750 m and 3500 m is recommendable,more particularly,crash safety factor of the submarine is found to be within limit when submarine encounters crash at 1750 m.

关键词： Crash Impact Design Submarine Hull Bow Stern Foil

Equilibrium, thermodynamic, and kinetic of Cr(VI) adsorption using a modified and unmodified bentonite clay

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2014年第4期24卷 525-535页

作者： D.J.l. Guerra I. Mello l.R. freitas R. Resende R.A.R. Silva Department of Mineral Resources University Federal of Mato Grosso DRM-UFMT Mato Grosso 78060900 Brazil

The capacities of natural and modified Brazilian bentonite samples as adsorbents to remove hexavalent metal chromium were investigated under several conditions in batch and column methods. The raw material, Ca-bentonite, was modified by anchorament of 3-aminopropyltrietoxisilane （ApS） and 3,2- aminoethylaminopropyltrimetoxisilane （AEApS） in the surface of bentonite sample： This type of new occurrence of bentonite is suitable as a raw material for adsorption process. Adsorption behavior of three bentonite types was strongly depending on pH of adsorbate solution, contact time adsorbent/adsorbate, and initial concentration of Cr（VI）. The results were confirmed by column method and reveals that the adsorption process of materials accorded by the Redlich-peterson, Sips, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and tang- muir isotherm models. The exothermic entbalpic values reflected a favorable energetic process for chro- mium ions anchored in the material surfaces. The negative Gibbs free energy results supported the spontaneity of three adsorption reactions with Cr（VI） ions.

关键词： Bentonite Organo-bentonite Chromium Equilibrium Kinetic Adsorption