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Optimizing Plant Spacing under the Systems of.Rice Intensif.cation (SRI)

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第4期7卷 270-278页

作者： Paul Reuben fredrick C. Kahimba Zacharia Katambara Henry f. Mahoo Winf.ed Mbungu f.kiri Mhenga Anthony Nyarubamba Muyenjwa Maugo Department of.Agricultural Engineering and Land Planning Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Morogoro Tanzania Department of.Built Environment Engineering Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST) Mbeya Tanzania Ministries of.Agriculture Food Security (MAFC) Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Optimum plant spacing is among key agronomic parameters that inf.uence crop growth perf.rmance and crop yield. A study was conducted to investigate the optimum rice transplanting spacing under the Systems of.Rice Intensif.cation (SRI) practice in Tanzania. The study composed of.f.ve treatments of.rice transplanting spacing namely 1) 15 cm × 15 cm (T1);2) 20 cm × 20 cm (T2);3) 25 cm × 25 cm (T3);4) 30 cm × 30 cm (T4);and 5) 35 cm × 35 cm (T5). The experiment was set in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and transplanted with unif.rm age of.12 days old seedlings in all treatments. The rice variety tested was TXD 306 Super SARO which was recommended by the Ministry of.Agriculture f.r f.ooded rice in central and eastern Tanzania. Data was collected throughout the two growing seasons (Masika and Vuli) of.2013 and 2014. Data collected include biomass at vegetative, f.owering and harvesting stages, total number of.tillers per hill, number of.productive tillers per hill, number of.grains per panicle and rice grain yield at the end of.the season. Data was analyzed using SAS sof.ware version 9.1. Results have shown that transplanting spacing of.25 cm × 25 cm, 30 cm × 30 cm and 35 cm × 35 cm has signif.cantly perf.rmed better than rice transplanted at 15 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm. f.r the higher perf.rming treatments, 25 cm × 25 cm has perf.rmed much higher than the rest. It is theref.re recommended that f.r rice variety TXD 306 Super SARO under SRI practice in areas with soil conditions similar to Mkindo area in Morogoro Region, the optimum transplanting spacing that gives maximum yield is 25 × 25 cm.

关键词： SRI Transplanting Spacing Biomass Tillers Productive Tillers Hill Treatment Yield

Inf.uence of.Transplanting Age on Paddy Yield under the System of.Rice Intensif.cation

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第3期7卷 154-163页

作者： Paul Reuben Zacharia Katambara fredrick C. Kahimba Henry f. Mahoo Winf.ed B. Mbungu f.kiri Mhenga Anthony Nyarubamba Muyenjwa Maugo Department of.Agricultural Engineering and Land Planning Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Morogoro Tanzania Department of.Built Environment Engineering Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST) Mbeya Tanzania Ministries of.Agriculture Food Security (MAFC) Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Agronomic practices such as transplanting age, plant spacing, and water application regimes in irrigated paddy production can have a signif.cant impact towards the perf.rmance in rice growth and yield. A study was conducted to investigate the optimum transplanting age f.r maximum rice productivity under the systems of.rice intensif.cation (SRI) technology. The study treatments adopted were three representing 8, 12 and 15 days old seedlings replicated 3 times each. The experiment was set in randomized complete block design (RCBD) and transplanted at spacing 25 cm × 25 cm between rice hills. The rice variety tested was TXD 306 Super SARO, which was recommended by the ministry of.Agriculture in Tanzania. Data was collected throughout the growing season in two mixed short rains and dry season of.September 2013/2014 and September 2014/2015. Data collected included biomass at vegetative, f.owering and harvesting stages, total number of.tillers per hill, number of.productive tillers per hill, number of.grains per panicle and rice grain yield at the end of.the season. Data was analyzed using SAS sof.ware version 9.1. The results suggested that transplanting at younger age of.8 to 12 days was recommended f.r Mkindo area in Mvomero Distirct, and other areas with similar soil conditions and agro ecological characteristics.

关键词： SRI Transplanting Age Biomass Tillers Productive Tillers Hill f.eld Treatment Yield

Evaluation of.soil washing process with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl chitosan f.r recovery of.PAHs/heavy metals/f.uorine f.om metallurgic plant site

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Journal of.Environmental Sciences 2014年第8期26卷 1661-1672页

作者： Mao Ye Mingming Sun fredrick Orori Kengara Jingting Wang Ni Ni Li Wang Yang Song Xinglun Yang Huixin Li f.ng Hu Xin Jiang State Key Laboratory of.Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences Soil Ecology Lab College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural University Department of.Chemistry Maseno UniversityPrivate BagMaseno 40105Kenya

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）/heavy metals/f.uorine（f. mixed-contaminated sites caused by abandoned metallurgic plants are receiving wide attention. To address the associated environmental problems,this study was initiated to investigate the f.asibility of.using carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin（CMCD） and carboxymethyl chitosan（CMC） solution to enhance ex situ soil washing f.r extracting mixed contaminants. f.rther,Tenax extraction method was combined with a f.rst-three-compartment model to evaluate the environmental risk of.residual PAHs in washed soil. In addition,the redistribution of.heavy metals/f.af.er decontamination was also estimated using a sequential extraction procedure. Three successive washing cycles using50 g/L CMCD and 5 g/L CMC solution were ef.ective to remove 94.3% of.total PAHs,93.2% of.Pb,85.8% of.Cd,93.4% of.Cr,83.2% of.Ni and 97.3% of.f.simultaneously. Af.er the 3rd washing,the residual PAHs mainly existed as very slowly desorbing f.actions,which were in the f.rm of.well-aged,well-sequestered compounds; while the remaining Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni and f.mainly existed as f.–Mn oxide and residual f.actions,which were always present in stable mineral f.rms or bound to non-labile soil f.actions. Theref.re,this combined cleanup strategy proved to be ef.ective and environmentally f.iendly.

关键词： Mixed-contaminated sites Soil washing Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin Carboxymethyl chitosan Tenax extraction

Kinetic Studies of.a Coenzyme B12 Dependent Reaction Catalyzed by Glutamate Mutase f.om <i>Clostridium cochlearium</i>

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2021年第4期9卷 72-90页

作者： fredrick Edwin Lyatuu Wolf.ang Buckel Department of.Chemistry College of Natural and Applied Sciences University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Laboratorium f.r Mikrobiologie Fachbereich Biologie Philipps-Universit&auml t Marburg Karl-von-Frisch Stra&szlig e 8 Marburg Germany Max-Planck-Institut f.r Terrestrische Mikrobiologie Marburg Germany

The coenzyme B12 dependent glutamate mutase is composed of.two apoenzyme proteins subunits;S and E2, which while either f.sed or separate assemble with coenzyme B12 to f.rm an active holoenzyme (E2S2-B12) f.r cata... 详细信息

f.:10.0pt;"> f.:10.0pt;"> The coenzyme B12 dependent glutamate mutase is composed of two apoenzyme proteins subunits;S and E2, which while either fused or separate assemble with coenzyme B12 to form an active holoenzyme (E2S2-B12) for catalyzing the reversible isomerization between (S)-glutamate and (2S, 3S)-3-methylas- partate. In order to assay the activity of glutamate mutase by UV spectrophotometry, this reaction is often coupled with methylaspartase which deaminates (2S, 3S)-3-methylaspartate to form mesaconate (λmax = 240 nm, Ɛ240 = 3.8 mM-1·cm-1). The activities of different reconstitutions of glutamate mutase from separate apoenzyme components S and E in varied amounts of coenzyme B12 and adenosylpeptide B12 as cofactors were measured by this assay and used to reveal the binding properties of the cofactor by the Michaelis- Menten Method. The values of Km for coenzyme B12 in due to reconstitutions of holoenzyme in 2, 7 and 14 S: E were determined as;1.12 ± 0.04 μM, 0.7 ± 0.05 μM and 0.52 ± 0.06 μM, respectively, so as those of adenosylpeptide B12;1.07 ± 0.04 μM and 0.35 ± 0.05 μM as obtained from respective 2 and 14 S: E compositions of holoenzyme. Analysis of these kinetics results curiously associates the increasing affinity of cofactors to apoenzyme with increased amount of component S used in reconstituting holoenzyme from separate apoenzyme components and cofactor. Moreover, in these studies a new method f.r assaying the activity of.glutamate mutase was develo

关键词： Coenzyme B12 Adenosylpeptide B12 Glutamate Mutase (S)-Glutamate (2S 3S)-3-Methylaspartate Methylasparatase

Development and Characterization of.Wheat Germplasm with Combined Resistance to Russian Wheat Aphid and Stem Rust (Race “Ug99”) in Kenya

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American Journal of.Plant Sciences 2013年第4期4卷 767-773页

作者： fredrick O. Amulaka Joyce N. Maling’a Mehmet Cakir Richard M. S. Mulwa Department of.Crops Horticulture and Soils Egerton University Egerton Kenya Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Njoro Murdoch University Perth Australia

Wheat is the second most important cereal in Kenya. However, production is severely constrained by both abiotic and biotic stresses. Of.the biotic stresses a devastating pest (Russian wheat aphid (RWA)) and a serious disease (stem rust race TTKS (“Ug99”)) are currently the biggest problem f.r wheat producers in Kenya. Severe inf.stations by RWA may result in yield losses of.up to 90% while “Ug99” inf.cted f.elds may suf.er 100% crop loss. The two pests combined are seriously af.ecting wheat f.rmers’ incomes because of.the heavy reliance on pesticides that increase the cost of.production. This study attempted to develop and characterize wheat lines that are resistant to both RWA and “Ug99” by pyramiding two major resistance genes. Three wheat varieties: “Kwale”, a Kenyan high yielding variety but susceptible to both RWA and “Ug99”;“Cook”, an Australian variety carrying stem rust resistance gene Sr36 conf.rring immunity to “Ug99”;and “KRWA9”, a Kenyan line with resistance to RWA but of.poor agronomic attributes were used. A double cross f. (DC f.) was obtained by crossing the f. of.“Kwale × Cook” and the f. of.“Kwale × KRWA9”. The DC f. population was subjected to sequential screening f.r both RWA and “Ug99” resistance. Surviving DC f. progenies were lef. to self.pollinate to obtain the f. of.the double cross (DC f.). The DC f. progenies were sequentially screened against RWA and “Ug99” to yield a population that was resistant to both RWA and “Ug99”. Genotyping of.the DC f.:3 f.milies were conducted to select homozygous resistant plants. Data indicated that the RWA and “Ug99” resistance genes were successf.lly pyramided. Though races with virulence f.r Sr36 have been reported, the gene provides immunity to race “Ug99” and can still be ef.ectively used as a component f.r “Ug99” resistance breeding together with other Sr genes.

关键词： Wheat Germplasm Stem Rust Ug99 Russian Wheat Aphid (RWA)

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先天性多系统炎性疾病的假性视神经乳头水肿

世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第3期1卷 30-31页

作者： Hollander D.A. Hoyt W.f. Howes E.L. fredrick D.R. 王媛

To report a rare case of.neonatal onset multisystem inf.ammatory disease with serial photographs to characterize the optic nerve f.ndings. Observational case report. A 6 year old girl with neonatal onset multisystem inf.ammatory disea se, who had received systemic corticosteroid therapy f.r 5 years, had bilateral f.brillar opacities that surrounded the optic disks and extended into the peripa pillary nerve f.ber layer and vessels. A magnetic resonance imaging examination and lumbar puncture revealed elevated intracranial pressure. The elevated intrac ranial pressure returned to normal f.llowing a corticosteroid taper. Optic disk photographs, taken 4 years earlier, were subsequently obtained. The optic disk a ppearance had remained unchanged over the 4 year period, consistent with a pseu dopapilledema. The optic disk appearance is not consistent with papilledema f.om increased intracranial pressure. The optic disk f.ndings, in conjunction with t he underlying inf.ammatory syndrome, suggest an inf.ltrative etiology f.r the at ypical optic nerve f.ndings in neonatal onset multisystem inf.ammatory disease.

关键词：视神经乳头水肿炎性疾病视神经病变假性视乳头水肿乳头周围颅内压增高腰椎穿刺观察性纤维状

Prevalence of.epilepsy in the onchocerciasis endemic middle belt of.Ghana af.er 27 years of.mass drug administration with ivermectin

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Inf.ctious Diseases of.Poverty 2023年第4期12卷 106-106页

作者： Kenneth Bentum Otabil Blessing Ankrah Emmanuel John Bart-Plange Emmanuel Sam Donkoh f.ona Amoabil Avarikame fredrick Obeng Of.ri-Appiah Theophilus Nti Babae Prince-Charles Kudzordzi Vera Achiaa Darko Joseph Ameyaw Joseph Gyekye Bamf. Raji Abdul Sakibu Daniel Antwi-Berko Joseph Nelson Siewe f.djo María-Gloria Basáñez Henk D.f.H.Schallig Robert Colebunders NeTroDis Research Group Centre for Research in Applied Biology School of Sciences University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana Department of.Biological Science School of Sciences University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana Global Health Institute University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium Department of.Medical Laboratory Science School of Sciences University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana STU Clinic Sunyani Technical University Sunyani Ghana Happy f.mily Hospital Nkoranza Ghana Tain District Hospital Nsawkaw Ghana Department of.Inf.ctious Disease Epidemiology MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (MRC GIDA) and London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research School of Public Health Imperial College London London UK Department of.Medical Microbiology Experimental Parasitology Unit Amsterdam University Medical Centres Academic Medical Centre at the University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands

BackgroundIn onchocerciasis-endemic areas with high ongoing Onchocerca volvulus transmission,a high prevalence of.epilepsy has been *** study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of.epilepsy in the Bono Region of.Ghana f.llowing 27 years of.implementation of.ivermectin mass drug administration(MDA).MethodsBetween October 2020 and August 2021,cross-sectional surveys were conducted in nine communities in the Tain District and Wenchi Municipality of.the Bono Region of.*** the f.rst stage,a random door-to-door approach was used to screen the population f.r epilepsy using a pre-tested *** suspected of.having epilepsy were invited f.r a second-stage neurological examination f.r case *** *** microf.larial inf.ction status and Ov16 seropositivity were also ***-f.ve conf.dence intervals(95%CI)f.r prevalence values were calculated using the Wilson Score *** the 971 participants,500(51.5%)were f.males,and the median age(interquartile range)was 26(15‒43)*** participants(1.4%,95%CI:1.0‒2.0)were diagnosed as having epilepsy with generalized seizures being the most f.equent seizure type(85.7%,12/14).The overall microf.larial prevalence of.*** was 10.3%(November 2020)and 9.9%(August 2021);the Ov16 seroprevalence was 22.2%(June 2021).Only 63.2%took ivermectin in the last round of.MDA distribution in March *** 1.4%prevalence of.epilepsy in the Bono region is similar to the median epilepsy prevalence in sub-Saharan ***,the persistent microf.larial prevalence and low ivermectin study coverage call f.r the Ghana Onchocerciasis Elimination Programme to step up its ef.orts to ensure that the gains achieved are consolidated and improved to achieve the elimination of.onchocerciasis by 2030.

关键词： Onchocerca volvulus Microf.aria Onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy Seizure Ivermectin Mass drug administration Coverage

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基于应变设计的高强钢管道环缝焊接技术

焊管 2020年第5期43卷 59-62页

作者：李为卫(编译) 高琦(编译) 刘炜辰(编译) 葛加林(编译) Neerav Verma Doug P.f.irchild fredrick f.NoeckerⅡ 中国石油集团石油管工程技术研究院西安710077 中国石油西部管道公司乌鲁木齐830013 中国石油测井公司国际事业部北京102206 西安石油大学西安710065 不详

在复杂地形地貌、地震断裂带和海洋环境等情况下的管道敷设通常采用基于应变的设计方法,这对管道环焊缝的性能提出了特殊的要求。为了掌握基于应变设计条件下高强度管道的环缝焊接技术,设计了f.Ni合金焊丝,制定了焊接工艺,进行了环缝焊... 详细信息

在复杂地形地貌、地震断裂带和海洋环境等情况下的管道敷设通常采用基于应变的设计方法,这对管道环焊缝的性能提出了特殊的要求。为了掌握基于应变设计条件下高强度管道的环缝焊接技术,设计了f.Ni合金焊丝,制定了焊接工艺,进行了环缝焊接试验,并对焊缝金属的力学性能进行了检测。结果表明,所焊环焊缝的性能满足基于应变设计的X80高强钢管道环焊缝的强度与韧性要求,焊缝强韧匹配度较好,且具有大的缺陷容限和高的抗大应变能力。

关键词：焊接基于应变设计高强钢管道环缝焊接

在初治和经治丙型肝炎病毒基因1b型慢性感染的代偿期肝硬化亚洲成年患者中评价奥比帕利和达塞布韦联合利巴韦林治疗的有效性和安全性

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中华肝脏病杂志 2018年第5期26卷 353-358页

作者：魏来王贵强 Sarah Kopecky-Bromberg 成军诩青汪茂荣许敏段钟平侯金林张明香张跃新唐红赵伟蔺淑梅贾战生牛俊奇高志良袁宏林明华周新民 Luo Yan Linda fredrick Nilouf.r Mobashery Wang Ye 贾继东北京大学人民医院 100044 北京大学第一医院 100034 AbbVie Inc. North Chicago IL USA60064 首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院北京100015 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院 200025 解放军第八一医院南京210002 广州市第八人民医院 510000 首都医科大学附属佑安医院北京100069 南方医科大学南方医院广州510515 沈阳市第六人民医院 110006 新疆医科大学第一附属医院乌鲁木齐830011 四川大学华西医院成都610041 南京市第二医院 210028 西安交通大学第一附属医院 710065 吉林大学第一医院长春130021 中山大学附属第三医院广州510630 兰州大学第一医院 730000 福州市传染病医院 350001 第四军医大学第一附属医院西安710032 AbbVie.China. Shanghai 100004 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院北京100050

目的评估奥比帕利（奥比他韦/帕立瑞韦/利托那韦）25/150/100mg,1次/d和达塞布韦（DSV） 250 mg,2次/d联合利巴韦林在丙型肝炎病毒基因1b型感染的代偿期肝硬化中国大陆成年患者中的有效性和安全性. 方法采用开放标签、多中心Ⅲ期临床... 详细信息

目的评估奥比帕利（奥比他韦/帕立瑞韦/利托那韦）25/150/100mg,1次/d和达塞布韦（DSV） 250 mg,2次/d联合利巴韦林在丙型肝炎病毒基因1b型感染的代偿期肝硬化中国大陆成年患者中的有效性和安全性. 方法采用开放标签、多中心Ⅲ期临床试验,在中国大陆、中国台湾地区和韩国开展,纳入初治和经治基因1b型丙型肝炎病毒感染的代偿期肝硬化（Metavir 评分纤维化分期=f.）成年患者,接受奥比他韦/帕立瑞韦/利托那韦和达塞布韦联合利巴韦林治疗12周.评估患者停药12周获得的持续病毒学应答（SVR）及24周获得的SVR率,并在接受至少1次研究药物的患者中评估有效性和安全性. 结果共纳入63例中国大陆患者,其中62例（98.4％）患者基线Child-Pugh评分为5分.患者总体SVR12率及SVR24率为100％（95％ CI：94.3％～ 100.0％）.发生的大多数不良事件为轻度.常见（发生率≥10％）所有级别不良事件和实验室异常包括总胆红素升高（36.5％）、乏力（19.0％）、非结合胆红素升高（19.0％）、结合胆红素升高（17.5％）和贫血（14.3％）.3例（4.8％）患者发生≥3级不良事件,均被研究者判定为与研究药物无关.无患者出现导致提前停药的不良事件. 结论丙型肝炎病毒基因1b型感染的代偿期肝硬化中国大陆患者接受奥比他韦/帕立瑞韦/利托那韦和达塞布韦联合利巴韦林治疗12周,停药12周和24周的SVR均为100％.耐受性及安全性良好,大多数不良事件为轻度.

关键词：肝炎,丙型,慢性肝硬化直接抗病毒药物