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Rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle as inoculum for feed evaluation

Animal Nutrition 2017年第3期3卷 300-308页

作者： Pius Lutakome fred kabi Francis Tibayungwa Germana H.Laswai Abiliza Kimambo Cyprian Ebong World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF) Uganda Country Office Department of Agricultural Production School of Agricultural SciencesCollege of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Makerere University Department of Animal Aquaculture and Range SciencesSokoine University of Agriculture Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in East and Central Africa(ASARECA) Secretariat

Use of nonlinear mathematical models has been majorly based on in vitro gas production(GP) data generated when substrates are incubated with rumen liquor from fistulated steers. However,existing evidence suggests that rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle of unknown dietary history also generates quantifiable in vitro GP data. Fitting and description of GP data obtained from 4 diets incubated with rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle was evaluated using single-pool exponential model with discrete lag time(EXPL), logistic(LOG), Groot's(GRTS) and Gompertz(GOMP) models. Diets were formulated by varying proportions of Rhodes grass(Chloris gayana) hay and a concentrate mixed on dry matter basis to be: 1,000 g/kg Rhodes grass hay(RGH) and 0 of the concentrate(D1), 900 g/kg RGH and 100 g/kg concentrate(D2), 800 g/kg RGH and 200 g/kg concentrate(D3), 700 g/kg RGH and 300 g/kg concentrate(D4). Dietary kinetics for the models were determined by measuring GP at 2,4.8,10.18,24.36,48.72,96 and 120 h. Model comparison was based on derived GP kinetics, graphical analysis of observed versus predicted GP profiles plus residual distribution and goodness-of-fit from analysis of root mean square error(RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination(Adj-R^2) and Akaike's information criterion(AIC). Asymptotic GP, half-life and fractional rate of GP differed(P < 0.001) among the 4 models. The RMSE, Adj-R^2 and AIC ranged from 1.555 to 4.429,0.906 to0.984 and 2.452 to 15.874, respectively, forall diets compared across the 4 models. Based on the goodness-of-fit statistical criterion, GP profiles of D1 were more appropriately fitted and described by GRTS and GOMP than the EXPLand LOG models. The GRTS model had the lowest AIC value for D2(2.452). Although GRTS model had the most homogenous residual dispersion for the 4 diets, all the 4 models exhibited a sigmoidal ***, rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle of unknown dietary history can be used to derive nutritionally important fee

关键词： In vitro gas production technique Model comparison Model selection Nonlinear mathematical models Rhodes grass hay Rumen liquor

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Optimizing bio-physical conditions and pre-treatment options for breaking lignin barrier of maize stover feed using white rot fungi

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第4期2卷 361-369页

作者： Andrew M. Atuhaire fred kabi Samuel Okello Swidiq Mugerwa Cyprian Ebong National Livestock Resources Research Institute Department of Livestock and Industrial Resources School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Bio-security (CoVAB) Makerere University Department of Agricultural Production School of Agricultural Sciences College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) Makerere University Animal Production Program Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB)

The greatest limitation to utilization of maize stover by ruminants as a feed is the high concentration of lignin, which limits fibre digestibility. However, ruminants can effectively utilize maize stover if its nutritive value is improved using white rot fungal species. This study was designed to determine optimal biophysical conditions for mycelial growth and select the most ideal fungal species and pre-treatment options for improving nutritive value of maize stover. Four popular edible Pleurotus fungal species(*** florida,Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor caju and Pleurotus pulmonarius) were subjected to varying temperatures, pH levels, hydrogen peroxide(H_2 O_2) concentration and illumination to establish the extent of mycelial growth *** of H_2 O_2 was used to determine optimal levels for preservation and prevention of contamination from other indigenous microbiota. Effects of pre-treatment options on chemical composition and nutritive value of maize stover were also examined. Mycelial growth rate of Pleurotus species on potato dextrose agar(PDA) varied(P < 0.05) with temperature, pH level and H_2 O_2 concentration following a quadratic trend. Optimal temperature, pH and H_2 O_2 concentration for mycelial growth on PDA were 25 ℃,5 and 0.01 mL/L, respectively. Under the different bio-physical conditions,P. sajor caju had the highest mycelia density and growth rate. Chemical composition of solid-state fermented maize stover differed(P < 0.05) among the Pleurotus species. Maize stover fermented with P. sajor caju had the highest crude protein(CP) of 86.6 g/kg DM, in-vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) of 731 g/kg DM, in-vitro organic matter digestibility(IVOMD) of 670.4 g/kg DM and metabolizable energy(ME) of10.0 MJ/kg DM but with the lowest lignin(sa) of 50 g/kg DM. At 25℃, P. sajor caju had the highest mycelial growth rate on PDA and highest lignin(sa) breakdown in the maize stover substrate. It was, therefore,selected as the most ideal

关键词： Crop residues Lactobacillus plantarum Lignin biodegradation Mycelial growth

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Prioritization of Crop Residues for Improving Productivity on Smallholder Dairy Farming Households in the Lake Victoria Crescent, Uganda

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2014年第2期4卷 103-111页

作者： Andrew Mwebaze Atuhaire Swidiq Mugerwa Samuel Okello Kenneth Okello Lapenga fred kabi Jolly Mary kabirizi Department of Agricultural Production College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Livestock and Industrial Resources College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Bio-Security Makerere University Kampala Uganda National Agricultural Research Institute (NARO) National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI) Tororo Uganda

Poor nutrition has been identified as a major constraint to productivity in smallholder dairy farming households in Uganda, particularly in Lake Victoria Crescent Agroecological Zone (LVZ). Clarification on nutritional potential of crop residues is central to formulation of sustainable dairy cattle nutrition strategies. Data were collected from 126 randomly selected respondents using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. Farmers’ responses on crop residues utilization, handling, limitations, spatial and temporal variability were collected. Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences on utilization of available crop residues (X2 = 50.4, df = 4, p = 0.0001) among farmer’s rankings. It was established that maize stovers were major crop residues utilized and inadequate knowledge to process crop residues was ranked as a major limitation. The study provided basic information on the importance of crop residues. Further research studies should focus on improving the nutritive value of maize stover.

关键词： Haulms Stovers Nutritive Value Vine

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