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Dissemination paradox:how contextual realities influence smallholder farmers'modifications of agroforestry technologies in Uganda's *** region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第5期19卷 1404-1418页

作者： fred kalanzi Prossy ISUBIKALU Florence Birungi KYAZZE Lawrence Justus Baguma ORIKIRIZA Clement OKIA Isaac KIYINGI National Agricultural Research Organisation(NARO) Entebbe 295Uganda Department of Extension and Innovation Studies Makerere UniversityKampala 7062Uganda Department of Forestry Biodiversity and TourismMakerere UniversityKampala 7062Uganda Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Muni UniversityArua 725Uganda

This study was intended to understand how smallholder farmers’modifications improved agroforestry technologies’usability in Uganda’s *** *** used a case study approach to understand how smallholder farmers’contextual realities informed their modifications and enhanced the usability of agroforestry *** was collected over four months of frequent and regular interaction with the cases using formal and informal methods that included in-depth interviews,conversations,discussions,and direct *** themes and patterns were identified from the comprehensively reduced *** addition,respondents’direct quotes were used to emphasize the reasons for the *** findings showed that smallholder farmers modified the recommended technologies to suit their biophysical and socio-economic *** and similarities in modifications existed among cases across the agroforestry *** modifications were mainly done to diversify tree uses,optimize space utilization,and minimize production costs for farming *** findings imply a need to critically examine the smallholder farmers’modifications to make agroforestry technologies applicable and compliant to their *** will inform the re-invention of technologies that will quickly diffuse into the community for broader *** also emphasize the need to rethink the linear model of technology transfer mainly applied in agroforestry technology development and dissemination because it offers limited space for the much-needed feedback from smallholder farmers.

关键词： Modifications Agroforestry technology Usability Farm productivity Smallholder farmer

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Physicochemical Characterization of <i>Jatropha curcas</i>Linn Oil for Biodiesel Production in Nebbi and Mokono Districts in Uganda

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2015年第3期5卷 104-113页

作者： Yonah K. Turinayo fred kalanzi Jude M. Mudoma Peter Kiwuso Godwin M. Asiimwe John F. O. Esegu Paul Balitta Christine Mwanja National Forestry Resources Research Institute (NaFORRI) National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) Kampala Uganda College of Engineering Design Art and Technology (CEDAT) Makerere University Kampala Uganda

Jatropha curcas Linn has been identified worldwide as one of the sources of biodiesel. Biodiesel has energy properties close to fossil diesel and can be a potential energy alternative. However, these properties may vary based on soils, plant genetics and agro-climatic conditions in a given geographical location. Several studies on biodiesel production under such conditions have been done elsewhere, but few have been done on J. curcas oil in Uganda. This study analysed the physicochemical properties of J. curcas L. oil for biodiesel production in Nebbi and Mukono districts using American Standards and Testing Methods (ASTM D6751) and European Standards (EN 14214). J. curcas seed kernel contained 51% w/w and 48% w/w of oil with high levels of Free Fatty Acids (1.52% and 1.93%) and acid values (35 and 36 mg KOH/g) for Nebbi and Mukono, respectively;the difference was significant (p ≤ 0.05). Generally, the quality and quantity of the oil from Nebbi were better than those of Mukono, based on the biodiesel standard values. Nevertheless, kinematic viscosity, acidity, potassium and phosphorus content values were found abnormally high (31.46 - 33.23 mm2/s, 35.23 - 36.66 mg KOH/g, 16.50 - 20.52 mg/100g and 16.13 - 26.02 mg/kg, respectively) for both regions as compared to the standard values (3.5 - 5.0 mm2/s, 2 mg KOH/g, <5 mg/100g and <10 mg/kg, respectively) of biodiesel for diesel engine. Such properties are very important for engine fuels and if not considered well, may affect engine performance negatively. Therefore adequate treatment of the oil by degumming, etherification and transesterification before use in a diesel engine could avert this difficulty.

关键词： J. curcas Oil Biodiesel Engine Energy

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General Compartmental Epidemic Models

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2010年第3期31卷 289-304页

作者： fred BRAUER Department of Mathematics University of British Columbia

The age of infection approach introduced by Kermack and Mckendrick in 1927 gives a unified way of describing and analyzing a variety of epidemic models, including models with multiple stages, treatment, and heterogeneous mixing. The author gives a description of the main results for such models, emphasizing the use of the final size relation to estimate the size of the epidemic.

关键词： Epidemic models Treatment models Basic reproduction number Final size relation

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Focal distance tabu search

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2021年第5期64卷 5-16页

作者： fred GLOVER Zhipeng Lü Meta-Analytics Inc. School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Focal distance tabu search modifies a standard tabu search algorithm for binary optimization by augmenting a periodic diversification step that drives the search away from a current best(or elite) solution until the objective function deteriorates beyond a specified threshold or until attaining a lower bound on the distance from the originating solution. The new augmented algorithm combines the threshold and lower bound approaches by introducing an initial focal distance for the lower bound which is updated when the diversification step is completed. However, rather than terminating the diversification step at the customary completion point, focal distance tabu search(TS) retains the focal distance bound through additional search phases designed to improve the objective function, drawing on a strategy proposed with strategic *** algorithm realizes this strategy by partitioning the variables into two sets which are managed together with an abbreviated tabu search process. An advanced version of the approach drives the search away from a collection of solutions rather than a single originating solution, introducing the concept of a signature solution to guide the search. The method can be employed to augment a variety of other metaheuristic algorithms such as those using threshold procedures, late acceptance hill climbing, iterated local search, breakout local search, GRASP, and path relinking.

关键词： tabu search diversification strategic oscillation adaptive partitioning metaheuristics

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CREATING BALANCED AND CONNECTED CLUSTERS TO IMPROVE SERVICE DELIVERY ROUTES IN LOGISTICS PLANNING

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2010年第4期19卷 453-480页

作者： Buyang CAO fred GLOVER Esri Inc. 380 New York Street CA 92373 USA OptTek Systems Inc. 2241 17th Street Boulder CO 80302 USA

A challenging problem in real world logistics applications consists in planning service territories for customer deliveries, in contexts where customers must be clustered into groups that satisfy various conditions such as balance and connectivity. In this paper we propose new algorithms for producing such clusters based upon special procedures for exploiting Thiessen polygons. Our methods are able to handle multiple criteria for balancing the clusters, such as the number of customers in each cluster, the service revenue in each cluster, or the delivery/pickup quantity in each cluster. Computational results demonstrate the efficacy of our new procedures, which are able to assist users to plan service personal service territories and vehicle routes more efficiently.

关键词： Clustering K-means logistics routing Thiessen polygon

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Benefits of High-voltage SiC-based Power Electronics in Medium-voltage Power-distribution Grids

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2021年第1期7卷 1-26页

作者： fred Wang Shiqi Ji Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of TennesseeTN 37996USA Oak Ridge National Lab Oak RidgeTN 37830USA Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Medium-voltage(MV)power electronics equipment has been increasingly applied m distnbution grids,and high-voltage(HV)silicon carbide(SiC)power semiconductors have attracted considerable attention in recent *** paper first overviews the development and status of HV SiC power ***,MV power-converter applications in distribution grids are summarized and the benefits of HV SiC in these applications are ***,including conventional and asynchronous microgrids,that can fully demonstrate the benefits of HV SiC power semiconductors are selected to investigate the benefits of HV SiC in detail,including converter-level benefits and system-level ***,an asynchronous microgrid power-conditioning system(PCS)prototype using a 10 kV SiC MOSFET is presented.

关键词： Silicon carbide power semiconductor distribution grid asynchronous microgrid power-conditioning system

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Universal optimality of digital nets and lattice designs

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Science China Mathematics 2009年第11期52卷 2309-2320页

作者： HICKERNELL fred J Department of Applied Mathematics Illinois Institute of Technology

This article considers universal optimality of digital nets and lattice designs in a regression model. Based on the equivalence theorem for matrix means and majorization theory,the necessary and sufficient conditions for lattice designs being φp-and universally optimal in trigonometric function and Chebyshev polynomial regression models are obtained. It is shown that digital nets are universally optimal for both complete and incomplete Walsh function regression models under some specified conditions,and are also universally optimal for complete Haar wavelet regression models but may not for incomplete Haar wavelet regression models.

关键词： Chebyshev polynomial Haar wavelet Trigonometric function Walsh function 62K15 62K10

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A methodology for simulating 2D shock-induced dynamic stall at flight test-based fluctuating freestream

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第10期32卷 2223-2238页

作者： Khider AL-JABURI Daniel FESZTY fred NITZSCHE Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Carleton University

A comprehensive methodology for simulating 2 D dynamic stall at fluctuating freestream is proposed in this paper.2 D CFD simulation of a SC1095 airfoil exposed to a fluctuating freestream of Mach number 0.537±0.205 and Reynolds number 6.1×10~6(based on the mean Mach number)and undergoing a 10°±10°pitch oscillation with a frequency of 4.25 Hz was *** conditions were selected to be representative of the flow experienced by a helicopter rotor airfoil section in a real-life fast forward *** constant freestream dynamic stall as well as fluctuating freestream dynamic stall simulations were conducted and *** methodology was carefully validated with experimental data for both transonic flow and dynamic stall under fluctuating ***,the results suggest that the fluctuating freestream alters the dynamic stall mechanism documented for constant freestream in a major way,emphasizing that inclusion of this effect in the prediction of dynamic stall related rotor loads is imperative for rotor performance analysis and blades design.

关键词： Mach fluctuation Pitching airfoil Shock-induced dynamic stall Transonic flow Unsteady freestream velocity

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Inflammatory pouch disease: The spectrum of pouchitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第29期21卷 8739-8752页

作者： Petros Zezos fred Saibil Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre University of Toronto

Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal-pouch anal anastomosis(IPAA) is the operation of choice for medically refractory ulcerative colitis(UC), for UC with dysplasia, and for familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP). IPAA can be a treatment option for selected patients with Crohn's colitis without perianal and/or small bowel disease. The term "pouchitis" refers to nonspecific inflammation of the pouch and is a common complication in patients with IPAA; it occurs more often in UC patients than in FAP patients. This suggests that the pathogenetic background of UC may contribute significantly to the development of pouchitis. The symptoms of pouchitis are many, and can include increased bowel frequency, urgency, tenesmus, incontinence, nocturnal seepage, rectal bleeding, abdominal cramps, and pelvic discomfort. The diagnosis of pouchitis is based on the presence of symptoms together with endoscopic and histological evidence of inflammation of the pouch. However, "pouchitis" is a general term representing a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions, which can emerge in the pouch. Based on the etiology we can sub-divide pouchitis into 2 groups: idiopathic and secondary. In idiopathic pouchitis the etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear, while in secondary pouchitis there is an association with a specific causative or pathogenetic factor. Secondary pouchitis can occur in up to 30% of cases and can be classified as infectious, ischemic, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs-induced, collagenous, autoimmuneassociated, or Crohn's disease. Sometimes, cuffitis or irritable pouch syndrome can be misdiagnosed as pouchitis. Furthermore, idiopathic pouchitis itself can be sub-classified into types based on the clinical pattern, presentation, and responsiveness to antibiotic treatment. Treatment differs among the various forms of pouchitis. Therefore, it is important to establish the correct diagnosis in order to select the appropriatetreatment and further management. In this editoria

关键词： Pouchitis Idiopathic pouchitis Secondarypouchitis Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease

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The Challenges of Multidisciplinary Education in Computer Science

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2011年第4期26卷 636-642页

作者： fred S.Roberts DIMACS Center Rutgers UniversityJerseyNew BrunswickNJU.S.A.

Some of the most important problems facing the United States and China, indeed facing our entire planet, require approaches that are fundamentally multidisciplinary in nature. Many of those require skills in computer science （CS）, basic understanding of another discipline, and the ability to apply the skills in one discipline to the problems of another. Modern training in computer science needs to prepare students to work in other disciplines or to work on multidisciplinary problems. What do we do to prepare them for a multidisciplinary world when there are already too many things we want to teach them about computer science？ This paper describes successful examples of multidisciplinary education at the interface between CS and the biological sciences, as well as other examples involving CS and security, CS and sustainability, and CS and the social and economic sciences. It then discusses general principles for multidisciplinary education of computer scientists.

关键词： multidisciplinary biology sustainability security social sciences economics education

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