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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2016年第3期4卷 215-223页

作者： frank Mugagga Benon B.Nabaasa Department of Geography GeoInformatics and Climatic SciencesMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda

Africa is endowed with vast water resources including but not limited to lakes,rivers,swamps and underground ***,the way of life in Africa does not reflect this kind of wealth owing majorly to degradation and underutilization of these water *** review discusses the centrality of water resources in Africa's pursuit of the sustainable Development Goals(sDGs).Following the sustainable Development Model,the paper thematically examines and synthesizes the importance and potentials of water resources to Africa's development through exploring their contributions and limitations to the various economic sectors namely;agricultural and livestock production,energy,manufacturing and processing,tourism,health,fisheries,trade and other institutional mechanisms such as payment for ecosystem services(PEs),mutual cooperation and economic *** were collected by review of online peer-reviewed and grey literature published between the year 2000 and *** is observed that sustainable management of water and sanitation for all(sDG 6)will be central to the attainment of all the other sDGs(particularly sDG 1(No poverty),2(No hunger),3(Good health),14(life below water)and 15(life on land))across *** states should therefore increase their commitment to water conservation and management as this will significantly decide Africa's future development paths.

关键词： Water resources conservation Economic drivers sustainable development goals Africa

Assessment of the determinants that influence the adoption of sustainable soil and water conservation practices in Techiman Municipality of Ghana

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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第3期7卷 248-257页

作者： Kwasi Adjepong Darkwah Joana Deladem Kwawu frank Agyire-Tettey Daniel Bruce sarpong Department of statistics University of GhanaGhana Department of Economics University of GhanaGhana Department of Economics and Agribusiness University of GhanaGhana

This paper assesses the relationship between farmer characteristics and the degree to which nine soil and water conservation practices (sWCPs) are adopted by 300 maize farmers in Techiman Municipality,*** were surveyed for their adoption of nine sWCPs,and 24 other characteristics including demographics,socio-economic factors,risk factors and costs of *** soil and water conservation practices (sWCPs) in sub-saharan Africa such as Ghana are important because they have positive effects on yield,increase sustainability of farming,stop degradation and reduce soil *** adoption of sustainable soil and water conservation practices in the agricultural industry of Ghana has been *** study aims to explain differences in farmer adoption of sWCPs,by assessing factors that vary with the number of different sWCPs used by ***,the Poisson model was *** results show that farmer's household size,farm size,access to credit services and formal training of maize farmer have a positive significant association with the number of soil and water conservation practices adopted by maize farmers while distance to nearest output market,distance to input center,access to extension services,and risk of pest and diseases have a negative significant association with the number of soil and water conservation practices adopted by maize farmers at 5% significance *** study concludes that any further research in Techiman Municipality on soil and water conservation practices should acknowledge the mixture of personal and demographic,institutional,socio-economic and risk *** suggests that agricultural polities formulated by the government should be aimed at supporting maize farmers to have access to extension service contact for frequent disseminating of agricultural technology information which is likely to increase the rate of adoption of soil and water conservation practices.

关键词： sustainable soil and water conservation practices Adoption Correlation Poisson regression

Anticoagulation in simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation - On what basis?

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World Journal of Transplantation 2020年第7期10卷 206-214页

作者： Jeevan Prakash Gopal frank JMF Dor Jeremy s Crane Paul E Herbert Vassilios E Papalois Anand sR Muthusamy Imperial College Renal and Transplant Center Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustHammersmith HospitalLondon W120HSUnited Kingdom Department of surgery and Cancer Imperial CollegeLondon W120HSUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Despite technical refinements,early pancreas graft loss due to thrombosis continues to *** coagulation tests(CCT)do not detect hypercoagulability and hence the hypercoagulable state due to diabetes is left ***(TEG)is an in-vitro diagnostic test which is used in liver transplantation,and in various intensive care settings to guide *** is better than CCT because it is dynamic and provides a global hemostatic profile including *** To compare the outcomes between TEG and CCT(prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time and international normalized ratio)directed anticoagulation in simultaneous pancreas and kidney(sPK)transplant *** A single center retrospective analysis comparing the outcomes between TEG and CCT-directed anticoagulation in sPK recipients,who were matched for donor age and graft type(donors after brainstem death and donors after circulatory death).Anticoagulation consisted of intravenous(IV)heparin titrated up to a maximum of 500 IU/h based on CCT in conjunction with various clinical parameters or directed by TEG *** loss due to thrombosis,anticoagulation related bleeding,radiological incidence of partial thrombi in the pancreas graft,thrombus resolution rate after anticoagulation dose escalation,length of the hospital stays and,1-year pancreas and kidney graft survival between the two groups were *** seventeen patients who received TEG-directed anticoagulation were compared against 51 contemporaneous sPK recipients(ratio of 1:3)who were anticoagulated based on *** graft losses occurred in the TEG group,whereas 11 grafts(7 pancreases and 4 kidneys)were lost due to thrombosis in the CCT group(P=0.06,Fisher’s exact test).The overall incidence of anticoagulation related bleeding(hematoma/gastrointestinal bleeding/hematuria/nose bleeding/re-exploration for bleeding/post-operative blood transfusion)was 17.65%in the TEG group and 45

关键词： Anticoagulation Pancreas transplantation Thromboelastography Thrombosis Hypercoagulability

Weather or weathering?Growth of Nothofagus dombeyi on volcanic soils differing in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第5期9卷 596-607页

作者： Christoph Walter Cecilia A.Pérez frank M.Thomas Faculty of Regional and Environmental sciences GeobotanyUniversity of TrierBehringstraße 2154296 TrierGermany Departamento de Ecología de Ecosistemas Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad(IEB)Alameda 340SantiagoChile

Aims We tested whether—in addition to weather conditions—the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the substrate have an effect on the radial stem increment of Nothofagus dombeyi trees in old-growth forest stands on volcanic soil at the western slopes of the Andes in south-Central *** We took soil samples and tree increment cores from five proximate sites(1000-1300 m a.s.l.)that are located in the volcanic region of the Conguillío National Park and differ in the age of the substrate(Miocene—3500 years B.P.)and in its concentrations of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P).The soil samples were also analysed on their concentrations of other plant mineral nutrients,carbon(C)and nitrogen isotope ratios(δ^(15)N).Tree-ring widths and the stem basal area increment(BAI)were related to climate *** selected tree rings,the stable isotope ratios of carbon(δ^(13)C)and oxygen(δ^(18)O)were determined and related to growth and climate *** FindingsConsistent with theory,the soils on the oldest substrate showed the highest(least negative)δ^(15)N values,but mineral N was the only nutrient whose concentration exhibited a straightforward(increasing)relationship with increasing substrate *** BAI was largest on the soil with the highest concentration of plant-available *** contrast to BAI,tree-ring chronologies did not differ among the study ***,tree-ring chronologies and BAI exhibited significantly positive correlations with summer precipitation,and negative correlations,with summer(December)temperature.A negative correlation was found betweenδ^(13)C and precipitation anomalies in the growing season(November-March).We interpret the negative correlations between growth and temperature,and betweenδ^(13)C andδ^(18)O in the tree rings,as an impairment of net carbon assimilation by anomalously warm weather conditions during the growing *** conclude that the growth of *** is mainly affected by high temperature and low precipitation

关键词： Andisol annual ring dendroecology temperate broadleaf forest weather anomalies

Felsenstein＇s ＂one-allele model＂ of speciation： The role of philopatry in the initial stages of host plant mediated reproductive isolation in Enchenopa binotata

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 658-666页

作者： frank W. sTEARNs Kelley J. TILMON Thomas K. WOOD Department of Biology Biology-Psychology Building University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Department of Plant science Plant Science Building South Dakota State University Brookings SD 57007 USA Department of Entomology and Applied Ecology 250 Townsend Hall University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA

The study of speciation genetics is primarily concerned with identifying the genetic traits that allow divergent selec- tion to overcome the homogenizing effects of gene flow. Felsenstein reviewed this race between gene flow and selection, con- cluding that speciation with gene flow was unlikely under a ＂two-allele model＂（where two traits were necessary for reproductive isolation） but that divergence could occur quite easily under a ＂one-allele model.＂ Despite this finding, much of the sympatric speciation research involving phytophagous insects has relied on a two-trait model, where insects evolve both preferences for and increased performance on novel host plants. Philopatry （a tendency to remain where one was born） is known to occur in phyto- phagous insects and is a single trait isolation mechanism. However, it is traditionally invoked as simply augmenting reproductive isolation. species in the Enchenopa binotata complex are believed to have speciated in sympatry. They exhibit host plant prefe- rences, host specific performance advantages and strong philopatry. We experimentally shifted E. binotata to evolutionarily novel host plants. Previous research has demonstrated that the experimental population of insects possesses genetic variation in prefe- rence and performance to the novel host. The degree of philopatry at mating and egg-laying was assayed for the first four years under full choice conditions. Host plant preference and performance was assayed after eight years. Philopatry was an immediate and strong isolating mechanism, while preference for and performance on the novel host lagged. We therefore suggest that philo- patry may be a more important mechanism in the early stages of a host shift than previously believed [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 658-666, 2013].

关键词： Philopatry Enchenopa Ecological speciation sympatric speciation

sensitive Information Protection Model Based on Bayesian Game

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 883-898页

作者： Yuzhen Liu Zhe Liu Xiaoliang Wang Qing Yang Guocai Zuo frank Jiang school of Computer science and Engineering Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan411201China Hunan Key Laboratory for service computing and Novel software Technology Xiangtan411201China College of computer and information engineering Hunan University of Technology and BusinessChangshaChina school of Computer science and Information Engineering Guangzhou Maritime UniversityGuangzhouChina Hunan software Vocational and Technical University XiangtanChina school of Engineering and IT University of New South WalesNSWAustralia

A game measurement model considering the attacker’s knowledge background is proposed based on the Bayesian game theory aiming at striking a balance between the protection of sensitive information and the quality of *** quantified the sensitive level of information according to the user’s personalized sensitive information protection *** on the probability distribution of sensitive level and attacker’s knowledge background type,the strategy combination of service provider and attacker was analyzed,and a game-based sensitive information protection model was *** the combination of strategies under Bayesian equilibrium,the information entropy was used to measure the leakage of sensitive ***,in the paper the influence of the sensitive level of information and the attacker’s knowledge background on the strategy of both sides of the game was considered *** on,the leakage of the user’s sensitive information was ***,the feasibility of the model was described by experiments.

关键词： sensitive information game theory Bayesian equilibrium sensitive level information entropy

Influence of growing location and cultivar on Rhyzopertha dominica （Coleoptera： Bostrichidae） and sitophilus oryzae （Coleoptera： Curculionidae） infestation of rough rice

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Insect science 2007年第3期14卷 231-239页

作者： frank H. ARTHUR RUsTY C. BAUTIsTA TERRENCE J. sIEBENMORGEN UsDA-ARs Grain Marketing and Production Research Center Manhattan Kansas Department of Food science University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA

Long-grain rice cultivars Cocodrie, Wells, and XP 723 grown in three locations （Hazen, MO; Essex and Newport, AR, UsA）, and medium-grain rice cultivars Bengal and XP 713 grown in two locations （Jonesboro and Lodge Corner, AR, UsA）, were harvested and assayed for susceptibility to Rhyzopertha dominica （F.）（Coleoptera： Bostrichidae）, the lesser grain borer, and sitophilus oryzae （L.）（Coleoptera： Curculionidae）, the rice weevil, on rice held at 27℃, 57% and 75% relative humidity （RH）. separate samples from the same harvest lots were also analyzed for the physical characteristics of brown rice yield, percentage whole kernels and kernel thickness. Progeny production and feeding damage of R. dominica were significantly different among long-grain cultivars within two of the three locations （P 〈 0.05）, but not for location or RH （P ≥ 0.05）, while progeny production of s. oryzae was different among cultivars, location, and RH （P 〈 0.05）. On medium-grain rice, both cultivar and location were significant for progeny production of R. dominica, but not RH, while cultivar and RH were significant for progeny production of s. oryzae, but not location. On both rice types, feeding damage of R. dominica followed the same trends and was always strongly positively correlated with progeny production （P 〈 0.05）, but for s. oryzae there were several instances in which progeny production was not correlated with feeding damage （P ≥ 0.05）. Physical characteristics of both rice types were statistically significant （P 〈 0.01） but actual numerical differences were extremely small, and were generally not correlated with progeny production of either species. Results indicate that the location in which a particular rice cultivar is grown, along with its characteristics, could affect susceptibility of the rice to R. dominica and s. oryzae.

关键词： rough rice cultivars stored-product insects Rhyzopertha dominica sitophilus oryzae

Exploring the use of transcranial photobiomodulation in Parkinson's disease patients

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1738-1740页

作者： Catherine Hamilton David Hamilton frank Nicklason Nabil El Massri John Mitrofanis Department of Anatomy University of Sydney Department of Geriatric Medicine Royal Hobart Hospital

Parkinson＇s disease is a neurological disorder with distinct motor signs of resting tremor,akinesia and/or lead-pipe rigidity,together with non-motor symptoms of impaired smell,cognition and autonomic *** manifest af... 详细信息

关键词： Exploring the use of transcranial photobiomodulation in Parkinson’s disease patients Figure

Bioreactor design and validation for manufacturing strategies in tissue engineering

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2022年第1期5卷 43-63页

作者： Diana Lim Eric s.Renteria Drake s.sime Young Min Ju Ji Hyun Kim Tracy Criswell Thomas D.shupe Anthony Atala frank C.Marini Metin N.Gurcan shay soker Joshua Hunsberger James J.Yoo Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27157USA Center for Biomedical Informatics Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27157USA RegenMed Development Organization(ReMDO) Winston SalemNC 27106USA

The fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering offer new therapeutic options to restore,maintain or improve tissue function following disease or *** maximize the biological function of a tissue-engineered clinical product,specific conditions must be maintained within a bioreactor to allow the maturation of the product in preparation for ***,the bioreactor should be designed to mimic the mechanical,electrochemical and biochemical environment that the product will be exposed to in ***-time monitoring of the functional capacity of tissue-engineered products during manufacturing is a critical component of the quality management *** present review provides a brief overview of bioreactor engineering *** addition,strategies for bioreactor automation,in-line product monitoring and quality assurance are discussed.

关键词： Bioreactor Monitoring sensors and automation Manufacturing Tissue engineering Regenerative medicine

The effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training on muscle strength,volume and activity upon exposure to elevated Gz forces in high-performance aircraft personnel

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Military Medical Research 2021年第4期8卷 481-489页

作者： Monika Rausch frank Weber sven Kühn Carla Ledderhos Christoph Zinner Billy sperlich Multinational Medical Coordination Centre/European Medical Command Andernacher Strasse 10056070 KoblenzGermany. German Air Force Center of Aerospace Medicine 82256 FuerstenfeldbruckGermany. Department of Radiology Bundeswehr Central Hospital56072 KoblenzGermany. Department of sport University of Applied Sciences for Police and Administration of Hesse65199 WiesbadenGermany. Integrative&Experimental Exercise science&Training Institute of Sport ScienceUniversity of Wuerzburg97082 WuerzburgGermany

Background:Technological advancements in modern military and acrobatic jet planes have resulted in extraordinary psychophysiological loads being exerted upon flying personnel,including inducing neck and back *** purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training on 1)the volume and strength of the neck and shoulder muscles and 2)muscular activity upon exposure to helmets of different masses and elevated Gz forces in a long-arm centrifuge in high-performance aircraft ***:Eighteen participants underwent 12 weeks of functional strength training(n=12)or the control protocol(n=6)without additional strength ***-and post-intervention tests included evaluations of isometric strength of the head extensor muscles,flexion,and lateral flexion and rotation,as well as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to measure the volume of the ***,***,and deep neck ***,during a long-arm centrifuge(+1.4 and+3Gz)protocol,the muscular activity levels of the ***,*** and *** spinae muscles were assessed without a flight helmet,with a helmet,and with a helmet and night vision *** participant’s perception of muscular strain was noted immediately after the long-arm centrifuge ***:The maximal isometric strength in all exercises and muscle volumes increased in the training group but not the control group(Pscle activity(%MVC)with a helmet decreased after the intervention in the training but not the control group(P=0.01).Relative muscle activity while wearing a helmet and night vision goggles was higher after intervention in the control group than in the training group(Pscular strain of the neck muscles induced by the long-arm centrifuge did not differ between the ***:Twelve weeks of functional strength training improves the maximal isometric strength and volume of neck and shoulder m

关键词： Fighter pilots Long-arm centrifuge Muscular strain strength training Neck muscle High-performance aircraft Gz forces