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Fenofibrate-promoted hepatomegaly and liver regeneration are PPARα-dependent and partially related to the YAP pathway

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第7期14卷 2992-3008页

作者： Shicheng Fan Yue Gao Pengfei Zhao Guomin Xie Yanying Zhou Xiao Yang Xuan Li Shuaishuai Zhang frank jgonzalez Aijuan Qu Min Huangb Huichang Bi NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism&Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening&Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Laboratory of Metabolism Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyShenzhen Graduate School of Peking UniversityShenzhen 518055China

Fenofibrate,a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α(PPARα)agonist,is widely prescribed for hyperlipidemia *** studies also showed that it has therapeutic potential in various liver ***,its effects on hepatomegaly and liver regeneration and the involved mechanisms remain ***,the study showed that fenofibrate significantly promoted liver enlargement and regeneration post-partial hepatectomy in mice,which was dependent on hepatocyteexpressed PPARα.Yes-associated protein(YAP)is pivotal in manipulating liver growth and *** further identified that fenofibrate activated YAP signaling by suppressing its K48-linked ubiquitination,promoting its K63-linked ubiquitination,and enhancing the interaction and transcriptional activity of the YAP-TEAD *** inhibition of YAP-TEAD interaction using verteporfin or suppression of YAP using AAV Yap shRNA in mice significantly attenuated fenofibrate-induced *** factors,such as MYC,KRT23,RAS,and RHOA,might also participate in fenofibrate-promoted hepatomegaly and liver *** studies demonstrate that fenofibratepromoted liver enlargement and regeneration are PPARα-dependent and partially through activating the YAP signaling,with clinical implications of fenofibrate as a novel therapeutic agent for promoting liver regeneration.

关键词： Fenofibrate PPARa Hepatomegaly Partial hepatectomy Liver regeneration YAP TEAD Ubiquitination

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Nuclear receptors and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:An update

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Liver Research 2020年第2期4卷 88-93页

作者： Xiao Yang frank j.gonzalez Min Huang Huichang Bi Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Laboratory of Metabolism Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNIHBethesdaMDUSA

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease in adults and children *** symptoms of NAFLD range from simple steatosis and non-alcoholic stea-tohepatitis(NASH)to hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis,even ultimately develops to hepatocellular *** receptors(NRs)are a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors,most of which are ligand-activated that control cellular homeostasis in the liver and other tissues.A growing number of studies demonstrated the important role of NRs in *** this review,the current findings on the role of NRs in NAFLD are summarized and future perspectives to target NRs for NAFLD are discussed.

关键词： Nuclear receptors(NRs) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) Pregnane X receptor(PXR) Constitutive androstane receptor(CAR) Farnesoid X receptor(FXR) Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) Liver X receptor(LXR)

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Lipidomics reveals carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C protects cancer cells from lipotoxicity and senescence

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journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第3期11卷 340-350页

作者： Huizhen Zhang Yongtao Wang Lihuan Guan Yixin Chen Panpan Chen jiahong Sun frank j.gonzalez Min Huang Huichang Bi Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China Laboratory of Metabolism Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA

Lipotoxicity, caused by intracellular lipid accumulation, accelerates the degenerative process of cellular senescence, which has implications in cancer development and therapy. Previously, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C(CPT1C), a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes carnitinylation of fatty acids, was found to be a critical regulator of cancer cell senescence. However, whether loss of CPT1C could induce senescence as a result of lipotoxicity remains unknown. An LC/MS-based lipidomic analysis of PANC-1,MDA-MB-231, HCT-116 and A549 cancer cells was conducted after siRNA depletion of CPT1C. Cellular lipotoxicity was further confirmed by lipotoxicity assays. Significant changes were found in the lipidome of CPT1C-depleted cells, including major alterations in fatty acid, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol, oxidative lipids, cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio and sphingomyelin. This was coincident with changes in expressions of mRNAs involved in *** and biochemical analyses revealed higher lipid accumulation and increased malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, signatures of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Reduction of ATP synthesis, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and down-regulation of expression of mitochondriogenesis gene m RNAs indicated mitochondrial dysfunction induced by lipotoxicity, which could further result in cellular senescence. Taken together, this study demonstrated CPT1C plays a critical role in the regulation of cancer cell lipotoxicity and cell senescence, suggesting that inhibition of CPT1C may serve as a new therapeutic strategy through induction of tumor lipotoxicity and senescence.

关键词： Lipidomics Lipid accumulation Lipid peroxidation Oxidative stress Mitochondrial dysfunction Anticancer target

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Analytical methodologies for sensing catechol-O-methyltransferase activity and their applications

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journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第1期11卷 15-27页

作者： Fang-Yuan Wang Ping Wang Dong-Fang Zhao frank j.gonzalez Yu-Fan Fan Yang-Liu Xia Guang-Bo Ge Ling Yang Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China School of Life Science and Medicine Dalian University of TechnologyPanjin124221China Laboratory of Metabolism Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Mammalian catechol-O-methyltransferases(COMT)are an important class of conjugative enzymes,which play a key role in the metabolism and inactivation of catechol neurotransmitters,catechol estrogens and a wide range of endobiotics and xenobiotics that bear the catechol ***,COMT inhibitors are used in combination with levodopa for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease in clinical *** crucial role of COMT in human health has raised great interest in the development of more practical assays for highly selective and sensitive detection of COMT activity in real samples,as well as for rapid screening and characterization of COMT inhibitors as drug *** review summarizes recent advances in analytical methodologies for sensing COMT activity and their *** lists of biochemical assays for measuring COMT activity,including the probe substrates,along with their analytical conditions and kinetic parameters,are ***,the challenges and future perspectives in the field,such as visualization of COMT activity in vivo and in situ,are ***,this review article overviews the practical assays for measuring COMT activities in complex biological samples,which will strongly facilitate the investigations on the relevance of COMT to human diseases and promote the discovery of COMT inhibitors via high-throughput screening.

关键词： Catechol-O-Methyltransferase(COMT) Enzymatic activity Probe substrate COMT inhibitor High-throughput screening

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Crosstalk between CYP2E1 and PPARα substrates and agonists modulate adipose browning and obesity

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第5期12卷 2224-2238页

作者： Youbo Zhang Tingting Yan Tianxia Wang Xiaoyan Liu Keisuke Hamada Dongxue Sun Yizheng Sun Yanfang Yang jing Wang Shogo Takahashi Qiong Wang Kristopher W.Krausz Changtao jiang Cen Xie Xiuwei Yang frank j.gonzalez State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines School of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Laboratory of Metabolism Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA School of Life Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking Universitythe Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular ScienceMinistry of EducationBeijing 100191China

Although the functions of metabolic enzymes and nuclear receptors in controlling physiological homeostasis have been established, their crosstalk in modulating metabolic disease has not been *** ablation of the xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2 E1 in mice markedly induced adipose browning and increased energy expenditure to improve obesity. CYP2 E1 deficiency activated the expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(PPARa) target genes,including fibroblast growth factor(FGF) 21, that upon release from the liver, enhanced adipose browning and energy expenditure to decrease obesity. Nineteen metabolites were increased in Cyp2 e1-null mice as revealed by global untargeted metabolomics, among which four compounds, lysophosphatidylcholine and three polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to be directly metabolized by CYP2 E1 and to serve as PPARa agonists, thus explaining how CYP2 E1 deficiency causes hepatic PPARa activation through increasing cellular levels of endogenous PPARa agonists. Translationally, a CYP2 E1 inhibitor was found to activate the PPARa-FGF21-beige adipose axis and decrease obesity in wild-type mice, but not in liver-specific Pparanull mice. The present results establish a metabolic crosstalk between PPARa and CYP2 E1 that supports the potential for a novel anti-obesity strategy of activating adipose tissue browning by targeting the CYP2 E1 to modulate endogenous metabolites beyond its canonical role in xenobiotic-metabolism.

关键词： CYP2E1 PPARa FGF21 Metabolic enzyme Nuclear receptor Obesity

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Herbal drug discovery for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第1期10卷 3-18页

作者： Tingting Yan Nana Yan Ping Wang Yangliu Xia Haiping Hao Guangji Wang frank jgonzalez Laboratory of Metabolism Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China School of Life Science and Medicine Dalian University of TechnologyPanjin 124221China

Few medications are available for meeting the increasing disease burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and its progressive stage,nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).Traditional herbal medicines(THM)have been used for centuries to treat indigenous people with various symptoms but without clarified modern-defined disease types and *** modern times,NAFLD was defined as a common chronic disease leading to more studies to understand NAFLD/NASH pathology and *** have garnered increased attention for providing therapeutic candidates for treating *** this review,a new model called"multiple organs-multiple hits"is proposed to explain mechanisms of NASH *** this proposed model,the effects and mechanisms of the frequentlystudied THM-yielded single anti-NAFLD drug candidates and multiple herb medicines are reviewed,among which silymarin and berberine are already under ***-sanctioned phase 4 clinical ***,experimental designs for anti-NAFLD drug discovery from THM in treating NAFLD are *** opportunities and challenges of reverse pharmacology and reverse pharmacokinetic concepts-guided strategies for THM modernization and its global recognition to treat NAFLD are *** mechanistic evidence is being generated to support the beneficial role of THM in treating NAFLD and anti-NAFLD drug discovery.

关键词： Natural products Fatty liver Metabolic syndrome TCM NAFLD

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Cytochrome P450 metabonomics: The search for endogenous biomarkers

Cytochrome P450 metabonomics: The search for endogenous biom...

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2005年杭州药物代谢国际研讨会

作者： frank j.gonzalez Kristopher W.Krausz jeffrey R.Idle Laboratory of Metabolism Laboratory of Metabolism Institute of Pharmacology

＜正＞Cytochrome P450s （CYPs） are responsible for the metabolism and elimination of drugs and other xenobiotics. Paradoxically, they also activate most toxicants and chemical carcinogens. A number of P450 polymorphisms exist in humans that impact drug metabolism and potentially influence the susceptibility to toxicity and carcinogenicity. To study the function of P450s in drug metabolism, chemical toxicity and carcinogenicity, P450

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Mouse metabonomics for the analysis and prediction of drug metabolism

Mouse metabonomics for the analysis and prediction of drug m...

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第十五届国际药理学大会

作者： frank j.gonzalez Kristopher W.Krausz Chi Chen Sarbani Giri jeffrey R.Idle Laboratory of Metabolism NCIBethesdaMarylandUSA （FJGKWKCCSG） Institute of Pharmacology Charles UniversityPragueCzech Rep （JRI） Laboratory of Metabolism NCIBethesdaMarylandUSA （FJGKWKCCSG） Institute of Pharmacology Charles UniversityPragueCzech Rep （JRI） Laboratory of Metabolism NCIBethesdaMarylandUSA （FJGKWKCCSG） Institute of Pharmacology Charles UniversityPragueCzech Rep （JRI） Laboratory of Metabolism NCIBethesdaMarylandUSA （FJGKWKCCSG） Institute of Pharmacology Charles UniversityPragueCzech Rep （JRI） Laboratory of Metabolism NCIBethesdaMarylandUSA （FJGKWKCCSG） Institute of Pharmacology Charles UniversityPragueCzech Rep （JRI）

＜正＞ Objective: To study the the metabolism of drags and other foreign compounds in vivo and to examine pharmaco- and toxicokinetics of drugs. Methods are being developed that predict human metabolism of drags and susceptibility to chemical ***: P450-null and P450-humanized mice were developed. UPLC-QTOFMS, LC/MS/MS and GC/MS were used as analytic tools to examine the metabolism of drags in these ***: Comparing P450-null with wild-type mice yields metabolic patterns that reflect the catalytic activities of specific P450 forms. The humanized mice determine the catalytic activities and regulation of P450 genes found in humans. To study metabolism, drugs or other xenobiotic chemicals were administered to mice and serum and urine examined for production of metabolites that are not found in untreated mice. These metabolites can be derived from the drag or from organ toxicities. Specific examples will be presented with dietary alkaloids and anti-cancer ***: By accurate mass determination using UPLC-QTOFMS, pathways of metabolism of drugs can be rapidly assessed and data extrapolated to humans.

关键词： drug metabolism metabonomics P450s UPLC-QTOEMS

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Constitutive androstane receptor induced-hepatomegaly and liver regeneration is partially via yes-associated protein activation

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第3期11卷 727-737页

作者： Yue Gao Shicheng Fan Hua Li Yiming jiang Xinpeng Yao Shuguang Zhu Xiao Yang Ruimin Wang jianing Tian frank jgonzalez Min Huang Huichang Bi Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Department of Hepatic Surgery the Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Laboratory of Metabolism Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNIHBethesdaMD 20892USA

The constitutive androstane receptor(CAR, NR3 I1) belongs to nuclear receptor *** was reported that CAR agonist TCPOBOP induces hepatomegaly but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Yes-associated protein(YAP) is a potent regulator of organ size. The aim of this study is to explore the role of YAP in CAR activation-induced hepatomegaly and liver ***-induced CAR activation on hepatomegaly and liver regeneration was evaluated in wildtype(WT) mice, liver-specific YAP-deficient mice, and partial hepatectomy(PHx) mice. The results demonstrate that TCPOBOP can increase the liver-to-body weight ratio in wild-type mice and PHx *** enlargement around central vein(CV) area was observed, meanwhile hepatocytesproliferation was promoted as evidenced by the increased number of KI67+cells around portal vein(PV)area. The protein levels of YAP and its downstream targets were upregulated in TCPOBOP-treated mice and YAP translocation can be induced by CAR activation. Co-immunoprecipitation results suggested a potential proteineprotein interaction of CAR and YAP. However, CAR activation-induced hepatomegaly can still be observed in liver-specific YAP-deficient(Yape/e) mice. In summary, CAR activation promotes hepatomegaly and liver regeneration partially by inducing YAP translocation and interaction with YAP signaling pathway, which provides new insights to further understand the physiological functions of CAR.

关键词： Constitutive androstane receptor Nuclear receptors Hepatomegaly Liver enlargement Liver regeneration Yes-associated protein Proteineprotein interaction Partial hepatectomy

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MYC-Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Axis Defines the Tumorigenesis and Immune Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

MYC-Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Axis Defines the Tu...

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第四届中国生物物理学会代谢生物学分会学术研讨会

作者： Yuhong Luo Yuqing Gao Weiwei Liu Yuan Yang jie jiang Ying Wang Kristopher W.Krausz Lei Chen Cen Xie frank j.gonzalez State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences

＜正＞Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally with poor outcome and limited therapeutic options. Although the MYC oncogene is frequently dysregulated in HCC, it is thought to be undruggable. Thus,the current study aimed to identify the critical downstream metabolic network of MYC and develop new therapies for MYC-driven HCC. Liver cancer was induced in mice with hepatocyte-specific disruption of Myc and control mice by administration of diethylnitrosoamine. Metabolomic analyses revealed that urinary dimethylarginine, especially symmetric dimethylarginine （SDMA）,

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