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Aerosol distribution and efficacy in a commercial food wareh.use

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Insect Science 2008年第2期15卷 133-140页

作者： frank h. Arth.r USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research.Center Manh.ttan Kansas USA

A series of field trials were conducted in a commercial food storage facility to evaluate exposure of stored-product insects to aerosol formulations of synergized pyreth.ins and th. insect growth.regulator meth.prene. Wh.n adults of Tribolium castaneum （h.rbst）, th. red flour beetle, and Tribolium confusum （Jacqueline DuVal）, th. confused flour beetle were exposed with.and with.ut a food source to synergized pyreth.in aerosol, th.re was no difference in adult mortality with.respect to availability of food at eith.r 7 or 14 days after exposure （P≥0.05）. h.wever, mortality was lower in T. confusum （40.4% and 79.3% with.flour at 7 and 14 days, 38.9% and 84.8% with.ut flour at 7 and 14 days） compared to T. castaneum （96.5% and 99.8% with.flour at 7 and 14 days, 91.0% and 98.7% with.ut flour at 7 and 14 days）. Few late-stage larvae and pupae of eith.r species exposed to th. pyreth.in aerosol emerged as adults. In tests with.meth.prene aerosol, adult emergence of exposed 3- and 4-week-old larvae of T. confusum was less th.n 2%. Only 0.3% of 4-week-old larvae of T. castaneum exposed in open and obstructed areas emerged as adults. Emergence of adults from eggs of Plodia interpunctella （h.bner）, th. Indianmeal moth. embedded in culture media and exposed to th. meth.prene aerosol was 13.2%±3.5%. Results sh.w th.t th. aerosols evaluated in our study could give effective control of some of th. major storedproduct insect pests in commercial food storage facilities, and may offer an alternative to fumigation.

关键词： aerosols control meth.prene Plodia pyreth.in Tribolium

Efficacy of an esfenvalerate plus meth.prene aerosol for th. control of eggs and fifth.instars of Plodia interpunctella （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae）

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Insect Science 2010年第1期17卷 21-28页

作者： Emily A. Jenson frank h. Arth.r James R. Nech.ls Kansas State University USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research.Center Manhattan KS USA

Aerosol insecticides may provide an alternative to fumigants for control of th. Indianmeal moth. Plodia interpunctella （h.bner）, th. Indianmeal moth. a major insect pest of stored processed food. In th.s study, eggs and larvae （5th.instars） ofP. interpunctella were exposed to aerosol applications of th. pyreth.oid esfenvalerate and insect growth.regulator meth.prene, alone and in combination, in open and obstructed positions inside small sh.ds. Wh.n larvae were exposed to meth.prene alone, adult emergence from th.se exposed larvae was 7.1% ± 1.5%. In contrast, adult emergence was 92.5% ± 3.5% wh.n larvae were exposed to esfenvalerate alone. Wh.n eggs were exposed to meth.prene, adult emergence of th.se exposed eggs was approximately 75%; h.wever, wh.n eggs were exposed to esfenvalerate, adult emergence was approximately 35%. In th. combination treatment of meth.prene plus esfenvalerate at th.ir respective label rates, adult emergence following larval exposure was 0.91% ±0.61% compared to 16.3% ± 9.6% wh.n eggs were exposed. Based on our results, meth.prene alone is h.gh.y effective in reducing adult emergence after larval exposure. h.wever, it is not as effective on eggs as esfenvalerate. A combination treatment of esfenvalerate plus meth.prene could be used to control eggs and th. wandering-ph.se larval stages ofP. interpunctella. An economic risk analysis also supports a strategy of combining meth.prene and esfenvalerate.

关键词： control Indianmeal moth Plodia interpunctella

Influence of growing location and cultivar on Rh.zoperth. dominica （Coleoptera： Bostrich.dae） and Sitoph.lus oryzae （Coleoptera： Curculionidae） infestation of rough.rice

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Insect Science 2007年第3期14卷 231-239页

作者： frank h. ARTh.R RUSTY C. BAUTISTA TERRENCE J. SIEBENMORGEN USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research.Center Manhattan Kansas Department of Food Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA

Long-grain rice cultivars Cocodrie, Wells, and XP 723 grown in th.ee locations （h.zen, MO; Essex and Newport, AR, USA）, and medium-grain rice cultivars Bengal and XP 713 grown in two locations （Jonesboro and Lodge Corner, AR, USA）, were h.rvested and assayed for susceptibility to Rh.zoperth. dominica （F.）（Coleoptera： Bostrich.dae）, th. lesser grain borer, and Sitoph.lus oryzae （L.）（Coleoptera： Curculionidae）, th. rice weevil, on rice h.ld at 27℃, 57% and 75% relative h.midity （Rh.. Separate samples from th. same h.rvest lots were also analyzed for th. ph.sical ch.racteristics of brown rice yield, percentage wh.le kernels and kernel th.ckness. Progeny production and feeding damage of R. dominica were significantly different among long-grain cultivars with.n two of th. th.ee locations （P 〈 0.05）, but not for location or Rh.（P ≥ 0.05）, wh.le progeny production of S. oryzae was different among cultivars, location, and Rh.（P 〈 0.05）. On medium-grain rice, both.cultivar and location were significant for progeny production of R. dominica, but not Rh. wh.le cultivar and Rh.were significant for progeny production of S. oryzae, but not location. On both.rice types, feeding damage of R. dominica followed th. same trends and was always strongly positively correlated with.progeny production （P 〈 0.05）, but for S. oryzae th.re were several instances in wh.ch.progeny production was not correlated with.feeding damage （P ≥ 0.05）. Ph.sical ch.racteristics of both.rice types were statistically significant （P 〈 0.01） but actual numerical differences were extremely small, and were generally not correlated with.progeny production of eith.r species. Results indicate th.t th. location in wh.ch.a particular rice cultivar is grown, along with.its ch.racteristics, could affect susceptibility of th. rice to R. dominica and S. oryzae.

关键词： rough.rice cultivars stored-product insects Rh.zoperth. dominica Sitoph.lus oryzae

Control of Rh.zoperth. dominica in stored rough.rice th.ough.a combination of diatomaceous earth.and varietal resistance

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Insect Science 2008年第5期15卷 455-460页

作者： Yaowaluk Ch.nbang frank h. Arth.r Gerald E. Wilde James E. Th.one Ch.ang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research.Center Manhattan KS USA Department of Entomology Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

Adults ofRh.zoperth. dominica （F.）, th. lesser grain borer, were exposed on four varieties of rough.rice with.Dobie indices of susceptibility of 1.1 to 1.1 （low）, and four varieties with.Dobie indices of susceptibility of 3.4 to 3.8 （h.gh.. Th. varieties with.low and h.gh.Dobie indices were classified as resistant and susceptible, respectively, to R. dominica. Th. purpose of th. study was to evaluate control of R. dominica th.ough.th. use of diatomaceous earth.（DE） in combination with.rice varieties th.t were eith.r susceptible or resistant to R. dominica. Th. rice was treated with.varying rates of th. commercial DE Insecto, up to a maximum of 1 000 mg DE/kg of rice. Adult mortality at each.application rate of DE was generally greater on th.ee of four resistant varieties compared to th.ee of four susceptible varieties. Progeny production from th. parental generation exposed on th. rice was also greater in 3 of th. 4 resistant varieties compared to 3 of th. 4 susceptible varieties at DE rates of 500 mg/kg or more. Progeny production in rice treated with.a maximum rate of 1 000 mg/kg DE ranged from 7-44 adults on th. resistant varieties compared to 75-155 adults on th. susceptible varieties. At DE rates of 500, 750, and 1 000 mg/kg, th. percentage of insect-damaged kernels （IDK） was also greater in 3/4 resistant varieties th.n in th. susceptible varieties. Results sh.w combining th. use of DE with.varietal resistance of rough.rice to R. dominica could be used to limit populations of th.s insect in stored rice and h.lp prevent economic damage.

关键词： diatomaceous earth DE h.st plant resistance integrated control rice

Electronic structure factors and th. importance of adsorbate effects in ch.misorption on surface alloys

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1560-1571页

作者： Sh.kh. Saini Joakim h.lldin Stenlid frank Abild-Pedersen SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Department of Chemical EngineeringStanford University443 Via OrtegaStanfordCA94305USA SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory2575 Sand Hill RoadMenlo ParkCA94025USA

Th. ch.misorption energy is an integral aspect of surface ch.mistry,central to numerous fields such.as catalysis,corrosion,and ***-structure-based meth.ds such.as th. Newns-Anderson model are th.refore of great importance in guiding th. engineering of material surfaces with.optimal ***,existing meth.ds are inadequate for interpreting complex,multi-metallic ***,we introduce a ph.sics-based ch.misorption model for alloyed transition metal surfaces employing primarily metal d-band properties th.t accounts for perturbations in both.th. substrate and adsorbate electronic states upon ***,we sh.w th.t adsorbate-induced ch.nges in th. adsorption site interact with.its ch.mical environment leading to a second-order response in ch.misorption energy with.th. d-filling of th. neigh.oring *** demonstrate th. robustness of th. model on a wide range of transition metal alloys with.O,N,Ch.and Li adsorbates yielding a mean absolute error of 0.13 eV versus density functional th.ory reference ch.misorption energies.

关键词： alloys corrosion ch.misorption

Smaller bar spacings in a Nordmøre grid reduces th. bycatch.of redfish.Sebastes spp.)in th. offsh.re North.rn sh.imp(Pandalus borealis)fish.ry of eastern Canada

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Aquaculture and Fish.ries 2023年第6期8卷 661-671页

作者： Tomas Araya-Sch.idt Sh.nnon M.Bayse Paul D.Winger Colin h.frank Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Resources Fisheries and Marine InstituteMemorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sNLA1C 5R3Canada

Th. offsh.re North.rn sh.imp(Pandalus borealis)bottom trawl fish.ry in eastern Canada currently uses 22 and 28 mm bar spacing Nordmøre grids to limit bycatch.from using small mesh.***,a recent rebound of juvenile redfish.Sebastes spp.),th.t can pass th.ough.th. grids,h.s greatly increased *** address th.s concern,th.s study investigated th. effectiveness of 17 and 15 mm bar spacing Nordmøre grids in a twin-trawl(paired)configuration against th. traditional 22 mm bar spacing *** selectivity analyses sh.wed th.t th. 17 and 15 mm grids resulted in no significant reduction in sh.imp catch.across all length.*** 17 mm grid significantly reduced redfish.bycatch.for all length.classes and th. 15 mm grid significantly reduced redfish.bycatch.for individuals larger th.n 95 mm total *** redfish.entered th. codend with.th. experimental grids,h.wever,th. overlap in width.between redfish.and North.rn sh.imp limits th. overall sorting efficiency of th. grids,leaving some redfish.still vulnerable to capture.

关键词： Size selectivity Twin trawling Catch.comparison Bycatch.reduction device

Video Traces for Network Performance Evaluation 2007

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