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A new approach to pedestal differentiation for soil loss estimation-a case study from a burnt area in north-central Portugal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 45-54页

作者： frank G.A.Verheijen Martinho A.s.Martins sergio A.Prats Jan J.Keizer Centre for Environmental and Marine studies(CEsAM) Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and Development(MED-CHANGE)Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversity of EvoraPolo da MitraAp.947006-554 EvoraPortugal GeoBiociencias Geotecnologias E Geoengenharias(GEOBIOTEC)Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal

soil pedestals have long been used as qualitative indicators of soil splash *** rangelands,plant-capped pedestals,generally grass tussocks,have also been used to quantitatively estimate soil loss since the first half of the twentieth *** agricultural lands,forests,and bad-lands,stone-capped pedestals have been used as qualitative and semi-quantitative indicators of active,'extreme'*** work has been reported on using capstone pedestal data for quantifying soil *** postulate that three distinct capstone pedestal types may be present in any given location and that a detailed analysis of a pedestal height histogram may be used to recognize their *** analysis can subsequently inform if soil loss can be reliably estimated and if so,which of the existing methods using pedestal height data will provide more accurate *** three proposed capstone pedestal types are:(1)neo-pedestals formed underneath surface stones exposed by(partial)removal of the soil surface cover;(2)endo-pedestals formed underneath stones that were buried in the soil but have been exposed by erosion;and(3)phoenix-pedestals formed underneath stones from collapsed *** the pedestal height histogram of any given location,a skew to smaller heights may indicate the existence of endo-and/or phoenix-pedestals,which may be revealed as a bi-(or tri)modal distribution when using a smaller bin *** concept was applied to a case study where soil loss had been monitored for control plots and mulched plots during a 5-year period following wildfire in a eucalypt *** measured pedestal heights and used methods to quantitatively assess soil loss from soil pedestal data in the available *** pedestal data at the end of the 5-year period under or overestimated soil loss in the control treatment,with results ranging from 60 to 115%of measured soil loss,depending on the *** is postulated that phoenix-and endo-pedestals may be a driving fact

关键词： soil pedestals Mulch wildfire soil erosion Char

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Antiviral factors and their counteraction by HIV-1: many uncovered and more to be discovered

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2024年第2期16卷 1-10页

作者： Dorota Kmiec frank Kirchhoff Institute of Molecular Virology Ulm University Medical Center89081 UlmGermany

Extensive studies on HIV-1 have led to the discovery of a variety of structurally and functionally diverse innate defense factors that target various steps of the retroviral replication *** of them,such as APOBEC3,tetherin,and sERINC5,are well *** importance is evident from the fact that HIV-1 uses its accessory proteins Vif,Vpu,and Nef to counteract ***,the list of antiviral factors is constantly increasing,and accumulating evidence suggests that innate defense mechanisms,which restrict HIV-1 and/or are counteracted by viral proteins,remain to be *** antiviral factors are relevant to diseases other than HIV/AIDs,since they are commonly active against various viral *** this review,we provide an overview of recently reported antiretroviral factors and viral countermeasures,present the evidence suggesting that more innate defense mechanisms remain to be discovered,and discuss why this is a challenging but rewarding task.

关键词： HIV-1 restriction factors viral antagonists interferon-stimulated genes antiviral factors

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Retrospective study of the incidence, risk factors, treatment outcomes of bacterial infections at uncommon sites in cirrhotic patients

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world Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 418-427页

作者： sophie schneitler Christina schneider Markus Casper frank Lammert Marcin Krawczyk sören L Becker Matthias Christian Reichert Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Saarland UniversityHomburg 66421Germany Department of Medicine II Saarland University Medical CenterHomburg 66421Germany Health sciences Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases Department of GeneralTransplant and Liver SurgeryCentre for Preclinical ResearchMedical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland

BACKGROUND Bacterial infections(BI)negatively affect the natural course of *** most frequent BI are urinary tract infections(UTI),pneumonia,and spontaneousbacterial peritonitis(sBP).AIM To assess the relevance of bacterial infections beyond the commonly recognized types in patients with cirrhosis and to investigate their relationship with other clinical *** we retrospectively analyzed patients with cirrhosis and BI treated between 2015 and 2018 at our tertiary care *** were classified as typical and atypical,and clinical as well as laboratory parameters were compared between the two *** In a cohort of 488 patients with cirrhosis,we identified 225 typical BI(95 UTI,73 sBP,72 pulmonary infections)and 74 atypical BIs,predominantly cholangitis and soft tissue infections(21 each),followed by intra-abdominal BIs(n=9),cholecystitis(n=6),head/throat BIs(n=6),osteoarticular BIs(n=5),and endocarditis(n=3).we did not observe differences concerning age,sex,or etiology of cirrhosis in patients with typical vs atypical *** BIs were more common in patients with more advanced cirrhosis,as evidenced by Model of End stage Liver Disease(15.1±7.4 vs 12.9±5.1;P=0.005)and Child-Pugh scores(8.6±2.5 vs 8.0±2;P=0.05).CONCLUsION Atypical BIs in cirrhosis patients exhibit a distinct spectrum and are associated with more advanced stages of the ***,the work-up of cirrhosis patients with suspected BI requires detailed work-up to elucidate whether typical BI can be identified.

关键词： Bacterial infection Empirical antibiotic therapy End-stage liver disease Escherichia coli Multi-resistant pathogens

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Multifunctional snO_(2) QDs/MXene Heterostructures as Laminar Interlayers for Improved Polysulfide Conversion and Lithium Plating Behavior

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第11期16卷 156-169页

作者： shungui Deng weiwei sun Jiawei Tang Mohammad Jafarpour frank Nüesch Jakob Heier Chuanfang Zhang College of Materials science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065People’s Republic of China Laboratory for Functional Polymers Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology(EMPA)Überlandstrasse 1298600 DübendorfSwitzerland Institute of Materials science and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Station 121015 LausanneSwitzerland Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education School of PhysicsSoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189People’s Republic of China sEU‑FEI Nano‑Pico Center Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of EducationSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096People’s Republic of China

Poor cycling stability in lithium–sulfur(Li–s)batteries necessitates advanced electrode/electrolyte design and innovative interlayer *** catalysis has emerged as a promising approach,leveraging the adsorption and catalytic performance on lithium polysulfides(LiPss)to inhibit LiPss shuttling and improve redox *** this study,we report an ultrathin and laminar snO_(2)@MXene heterostructure interlayer(snO_(2)@MX),where snO_(2) quantum dots(QDs)are uniformly distributed across the MXene *** combined structure of snO_(2) QDs and MXene,along with the creation of numerous active boundary sites with coordination electron environments,plays a critical role in manipulating the catalytic kinetics of sulfur *** Li–s cell with the snO_(2)@MX-modified separator not only demonstrates superior electrochemical performance compared to cells with a bare separator but also induces homogeneous Li deposition during *** a result,an areal capacity of 7.6 mAh cm^(-2) under a sulfur loading of 7.5 mg cm^(-2) and a high stability over 500 cycles are *** work demonstrates a feasible strategy of utilizing a laminar separator interlayer for advanced Li–s batteries awaiting commercialization and may shed light on the understanding of heterostructure catalysis with enhanced reaction kinetics.

关键词： Lithium-sulfur battery Heterogeneous catalysis Heterostructure Redox kinetics Lithium dendrites

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Energetic and Entropic Changes in Volume work and Chemical Reactions

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and science 2024年第1期14卷 8-47页

作者： frank Diederichs Independent Researcher Schwarmstedt Germany

In the present study, energetic and entropic changes are investigated on a comparative basis, as they occur in the volume changes of an ideal gas in the Carnot cycle and in the course of the chemical reaction in a lead-acid battery. Differences between reversible and irreversible processes have been worked out, in particular between reversibly exchanged entropy (∆sub>esub>s) and irreversibly produced entropy (∆sub>isub>s). In the partially irreversible case, ∆sub>esub>s and ∆sub>isub>s add up to the sum ∆s for the volume changes of a gas, and only this function has an exact differential. In a chemical reaction, however, ∆sub>esub>s is independent on reversibility. It arises from the different intramolecular energy contents between products and reactants. Entropy production in a partially irreversible Carnot cycle is brought about through work-free expansions, whereas in the irreversible battery reaction entropy is produced via activated complexes, whereby a certain, variable fraction of the available chemical energy becomes transformed into electrical energy and the remaining fraction dissipated into heat. The irreversible reaction process via activated complexes has been explained phenomenologically. For a sufficiently high power output of coupled reactions, it is essential that the input energy is not completely reversibly transformed, but rather partially dissipated, because this can increase the process velocity and consequently its power output. A reduction of the counter potential is necessary for this purpose. This is not only important for man-made machines, but also for the viability of cells.

关键词： Exchanged Entropy Entropy Production Coupled Reactions Activated Complexes Power Output

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Empirically evaluating virtual reality’s effect on reservoir engineering tasks

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Visual Informatics 2024年第1期8卷 26-46页

作者： Bryson Lawton Nanjia wang steven samoil Parisa Daeijavad siqi Xie Zhangxin Chen frank Maurer Department of Computer science University of Calgary2500 University Dr NWCalgaryT2N 1N4AlbertaCanada Department of Chemical&Petroleum Engineering University of Calgary2500 University Dr NWCalgaryT2N 1N4AlbertaCanada

To help determine in what ways virtual reality(VR)technologies may benefit reservoir engineering workflows,we conducted a usability study on a prototype VR tool for performing reservoir model analysis *** leveraging the strengths of VR technologies,this tool’s aim is to help advance reservoir analysis workflows beyond conventional methods by improving how one understands,analyzes,and interacts with reservoir model *** evaluate our tool’s VR approach to this,the study presented herein was conducted with reservoir engineering experts who used the VR tool to perform three common reservoir model analysis tasks:the spatial filtering of model cells using movable planes,the cross-comparison of multiple models,and well path *** study found that accomplishing these tasks with the VR tool was generally regarded as easier,quicker,more effective,and more intuitive than traditional model analysis software while maintaining a feeling of low task workload on ***,participants provided positive feedback regarding their experience with using VR to perform reservoir engineering work tasks,and in general,it was found to improve multi-model cross-analysis and rough object manipulation in *** indicates the potential for VR to be better than conventional means for some work tasks and participants also expressed they could see it best utilized as an addition to current software in their reservoir model analysis *** were,however,some concerns voiced when considering the full adoption of VR into their work that would be best first addressed before this took place.

关键词： Immersive analytics Visual analytics Data visualization Reservoir engineering Virtual reality VR

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Assessment of laryngologists'ratings on physician review websites

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world Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery 2024年第1期10卷 1-6页

作者： Meleeka Akbarpour Karen Tawk Madelyn frank Alizah s.Gomez Navid Mostaghni Mehdi Abouzari Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery University of CaliforniaIrvineUSA

Objective:To assess and characterize online ratings and comments on laryngologists and determine factors that correlate with higher ***:All the American Laryngological Association(ALA)members were queried across several online *** were normalized for comparison on a five-point Likert *** were categorized based on context and for positive/negative ***:Of the 331 ALA members,256(77%)were rated on at least one online *** all platforms,the average overall rating was 4.39±0.61(range:1.00-5.00).specific positive ratings including“bedside manners,”“diagnostic accuracy,”“adequate time spent with patient,”“appropriate follow-up,”and“physician timeliness”had significant positive correlations to overall ratings,by Pearson's correlation(Pwait times had significant negative correlations to overall ratings(Psion:Online ratings and comments for laryngologists are significantly influenced by patient perceptions of bedside manner,physician competence,and time spent with the patient.

关键词： laryngologist online rating patient rating physician review website

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storylines of family medicine Ⅷ:clinical approaches

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 70-78页

作者： william B Ventres Leslie A stone Lauren E Gibson-Oliver Elizabeth Kyle Meehan Mari A Ricker David Loxterkamp stacy A Ogbeide frank V deGruy Megan R Mahoney steven Lin Clare MacRae stewart w Mercer Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family and Community Medicine The University of Arizona College of Medicine-TucsonTucsonArizonaUSA Bucksport Regional Health Center BucksportMaineUSA Family and Community Medicine UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineSan AntonioTexasUSA Eugene s.Farley Jr.Health Policy CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA Family and Community Medicine University of California San Francisco School of MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA Division of Primary Care and Population Health Stanford MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA Usher Institute Edinburgh Medical SchoolUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK

storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the UsA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅷ:clinical approaches’,authors address the following themes:‘Evaluation,diagnosis and managementⅠ—toward a working diagnosis’,‘Evaluation,diagnosis and managementⅡ—process steps’,‘Interweaving integrative medicine and family medicine’,‘Halfway—the art of clinical judgment’,‘seamless integration in family medicine—team-based care’,‘Technology—uncovering stories from noise’and‘Caring for patients with multiple long-term conditions’.May readers recognise in these essays the uniqueness of a family medicine approach to care.

关键词： uniqueness dimensions illustration

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Magnificent Frigatebird Optimization: A New Bio-Inspired Metaheuristic Approach for solving Optimization Problems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2721-2741页

作者： Tareq Hamadneh Khalid Kaabneh Ibraheem AbuFalahah Gulnara Bektemyssova Galymzhan shaikemelev Dauren Umutkulov sayan Omarov Zeinab Monrazeri frank werner Mohammad Dehghani Department of Mathematics Al Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan Faculty of Information Technology Al-Ahliyya Amman UniversityAmman19328Jordan Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceThe Hashemite UniversityP.O.Box 330127Zarqa13133Jordan Department of Computer Engineering International Information Technology UniversityAlmaty050000Kazakhstan Department of Big Data Analytics and Data science Software Development Company《QazCode》Almaty050063Kazakhstan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Shiraz University of TechnologyShiraz***Iran Faculty of Mathematics Otto-von-Guericke UniversityP.O.Box 4120Magdeburg39016Germany

This paper introduces a groundbreaking metaheuristic algorithm named Magnificent Frigatebird Optimization(MFO),inspired by the unique behaviors observed in magnificent frigatebirds in their natural *** foundation of MFO is based on the kleptoparasitic behavior of these birds,where they steal prey from other *** this process,a magnificent frigatebird targets a food-carrying seabird,aggressively pecking at it until the seabird drops its *** frigatebird then swiftly dives to capture the abandoned prey before it falls into the *** theoretical framework of MFO is thoroughly detailed and mathematically represented,mimicking the frigatebird’s kleptoparasitic behavior in two distinct phases:exploration and *** the exploration phase,the algorithm searches for new potential solutions across a broad area,akin to the frigatebird scouting for vulnerable *** the exploitation phase,the algorithm fine-tunes the solutions,similar to the frigatebird focusing on a single target to secure its *** evaluate MFO’s performance,the algorithm is tested on twenty-three standard benchmark functions,including unimodal,high-dimensional multimodal,and fixed-dimensional multimodal *** results from these evaluations highlight MFO’s proficiency in balancing exploration and exploitation throughout the optimization *** studies with twelve well-known metaheuristic algo-rithms demonstrate that MFO consistently achieves superior optimization results,outperforming its competitors across various *** addition,the implementation of MFO on four engineering design problems shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach in handling real-world applications,thereby validating its practical utility and robustness.

关键词： Optimization metaheuristic magnificent frigatebirds exploration exploitation

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Physics-constrained graph modeling for building thermal dynamics

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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 150-157页

作者： Ziyao Yang Amol D.Gaidhane Ján Drgoňa Vikas Chandan Mahantesh M.Halappanavar frank Liu Yu Cao school of Electrical Computer and Energy EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA 99354USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37830USA

In this paper,we propose a graph model embedded with compact physical equations for modeling the thermal dynamics of *** principles of heat flow across various components in the building,such as walls and doors,fit the message-passing strategy used by Graph Neural networks(GNNs).The proposed method is to represent the multi-zone building as a graph,in which only zones are considered as nodes,and any heat flow between zones is modeled as an edge based on prior knowledge of the building ***,the thermal dynamics of these components are described by compact models in the *** are further employed to train model parameters from collected *** model training,our proposed method enforces physical constraints(e.g.,zone sizes and connections)on model parameters and propagates the penalty in the loss function of *** constraints are essential to ensure model robustness and *** evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed modeling approach on a realistic dataset with multiple *** results demonstrate a satisfactory accuracy in the prediction of multi-zone ***,we illustrate that the new model can reliably learn hidden physical parameters with incomplete data.

关键词： Physics-constrained learning Graph Neural Networks Compact model Building thermal dynamics

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