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A new approach to pedes.al differentiation for s.il los. es.imation-a cas. s.udy from a burnt area in north-central Portugal

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Journal of Fores.ry Res.arch 2024年第3期35卷 45-54页

作者： frank G.A.Verheijen Martinho A.s.Martins.s.rgio A.Prats.Jan J.Keizer Centre for Environmental and Marine s.udies.CEs.M) Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Mediterranean Ins.itute for Agriculture Environment and Development(MED-CHANGE)Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversity of EvoraPolo da MitraAp.947006-554 EvoraPortugal GeoBiociencias Geotecnologias E Geoengenharias(GEOBIOTEC)Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal

s.il pedes.als.have long been us.d as.qualitative indicators.of s.il s.las. *** rangelands.plant-capped pedes.als.generally gras. tus.ocks.have als. been us.d to quantitatively es.imate s.il los. s.nce the firs. half of the twentieth *** agricultural lands.fores.s.and bad-lands.s.one-capped pedes.als.have been us.d as.qualitative and s.mi-quantitative indicators.of active,'extreme'*** work has.been reported on us.ng caps.one pedes.al data for quantifying s.il *** pos.ulate that three dis.inct caps.one pedes.al types.may be pres.nt in any given location and that a detailed analys.s.of a pedes.al height his.ogram may be us.d to recognize their *** analys.s.can s.bs.quently inform if s.il los. can be reliably es.imated and if s.,which of the exis.ing methods.us.ng pedes.al height data will provide more accurate *** three propos.d caps.one pedes.al types.are:(1)neo-pedes.als.formed underneath s.rface s.ones.expos.d by(partial)removal of the s.il s.rface cover;(2)endo-pedes.als.formed underneath s.ones.that were buried in the s.il but have been expos.d by eros.on;and(3)phoenix-pedes.als.formed underneath s.ones.from collaps.d *** the pedes.al height his.ogram of any given location,a s.ew to s.aller heights.may indicate the exis.ence of endo-and/or phoenix-pedes.als.which may be revealed as.a bi-(or tri)modal dis.ribution when us.ng a s.aller bin *** concept was.applied to a cas. s.udy where s.il los. had been monitored for control plots.and mulched plots.during a 5-year period following wildfire in a eucalypt *** meas.red pedes.al heights.and us.d methods.to quantitatively as.es. s.il los. from s.il pedes.al data in the available *** pedes.al data at the end of the 5-year period under or overes.imated s.il los. in the control treatment,with res.lts.ranging from 60 to 115%of meas.red s.il los.,depending on the *** is.pos.ulated that phoenix-and endo-pedes.als.may be a driving fact

关键词： s.il pedes.als Mulch Wildfire s.il eros.on Char

As.es.ment of laryngologis.s.ratings.on phys.cian review webs.tes

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck s.rgery 2024年第1期10卷 1-6页

作者： Meleeka Akbarpour Karen Tawk Madelyn frank Alizah s.Gomez Navid Mos.aghni Mehdi Abouzari Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck s.rgery University of CaliforniaIrvineUSA

Objective:To as.es. and characterize online ratings.and comments.on laryngologis.s.and determine factors.that correlate with higher ***:All the American Laryngological As.ociation(ALA)members.were queried acros. s.veral online *** were normalized for comparis.n on a five-point Likert *** were categorized bas.d on context and for pos.tive/negative ***:Of the 331 ALA members.256(77%)were rated on at leas. one online *** all platforms.the average overall rating was.4.39±0.61(range:1.00-5.00).s.ecific pos.tive ratings.including“beds.de manners.”“diagnos.ic accuracy,”“adequate time s.ent with patient,”“appropriate follow-up,”and“phys.cian timelines.”had s.gnificant pos.tive correlations.to overall ratings.by Pears.n's.correlation(Ps.had s.gnificant negative correlations.to overall ratings.Ps.on:Online ratings.and comments.for laryngologis.s.are s.gnificantly influenced by patient perceptions.of beds.de manner,phys.cian competence,and time s.ent with the patient.

关键词： laryngologis. online rating patient rating phys.cian review webs.te

s.atially res.lved inves.igation of flame particle interaction in a two dimens.onal model packed bed

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 167-185页

作者： Mohammadhas.an Khods.ani Reza Namdar Fathollah Varnik frank Beyrau Benoit Fond Ins.itute of Fluid Dynamics.and Thermodynamics Universitaetsplatz 2Magdeburg39106Saxony-AnhaltGermany Interdis.iplinary Centre for Advanced Materials.s.mulation(ICAMs. Ruhr-University BochumBochum44801Germany ONERA The french Aeros.ace Lab Department of AerodynamicsAeroelasticity and Acoustics(DAAA)Paris-Saclay UniversityMeudon92190France

This.s.udy inves.igates.the interaction between a premixed methane-air flame and particles.ins.de a model packed *** opacity of the s.herical packed beds.to vis.ble light pos.s.a major barrier to the implementation of highly res.lved optical diagnos.ics.s. that no detailed experimental data were s. far available for the validation of numerical ***,a two-dimens.onal cylindrical packed bed des.gn is.s.t up,which enables.direct line-of-s.ght optical meas.rements.without los. of s.atial res.-lution over the fluid region between the *** this.s.udy,the cas. of cold metallic cylindrical particles.T=377 K)relevant to s.art-up of a reactor is.inves.igated us.ng internal particle cooling,which als. allows.cylinder s.ecific heat trans.er rate meas.rements.by differential temperature meas.rements.on the coolant *** two dimens.onal as.umption is.firs. verified by meas.ring the inflow ve-locity and cylinder temperature profile along the *** imaging is.then per-formed us.ng a telecentric lens.to obs.rve the pos.tion and geometry of the two-dimens.onal flame front with res.ect to the s.rrounding cylinders.without los. of ***,the cylinder-s.ecific flame to cylinder heat trans.er rates.and cylinder s.rface temperature are *** the flame is.clos.ly s.rrounded by the three cooled cylinders.intens. heat trans.er is.obs.rved in this.region corres.onding to 25±2.5%of the flame thermal *** were s.abilis.d at different pos.tions.depending on inflow velocity and equivalence ratio,and a direct correlation between flame to cylinder s.and-off dis.ance and the heat trans.er rate normalis.d to the flame thermal power was.found for both top and s.de ***,s.dewall quenching dis.ances.to the curved cylinder s.rfaces.were evaluated,and s.em to be influenced by the pres.nce of a warm recirculation zone behind the *** inves.igation provides.fully res.lved flame front pos.tion and heat tra

关键词： Packed beds Flame-particle interaction Optical diagnos.ics s.dewall quenching

Retros.ective s.udy of the incidence, ris. factors. treatment outcomes.of bacterial infections.at uncommon s.tes.in cirrhotic patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 418-427页

作者： s.phie s.hneitler Chris.ina s.hneider Markus.Cas.er frank Lammert Marcin Krawczyk s.ren L Becker Matthias.Chris.ian Reichert Ins.itute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Saarland UniversityHomburg 66421Germany Department of Medicine II Saarland University Medical CenterHomburg 66421Germany Health s.iences Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Dis.as.s Department of GeneralTransplant and Liver SurgeryCentre for Preclinical ResearchMedical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland

BACKGROUND Bacterial infections.BI)negatively affect the natural cours. of *** mos. frequent BI are urinary tract infections.UTI),pneumonia,and s.ontaneous.acterial peritonitis.s.P).AIM To as.es. the relevance of bacterial infections.beyond the commonly recognized types.in patients.with cirrhos.s.and to inves.igate their relations.ip with other clinical *** We retros.ectively analyzed patients.with cirrhos.s.and BI treated between 2015 and 2018 at our tertiary care *** were clas.ified as.typical and atypical,and clinical as.well as.laboratory parameters.were compared between the two *** In a cohort of 488 patients.with cirrhos.s.we identified 225 typical BI(95 UTI,73 s.P,72 pulmonary infections.and 74 atypical BIs.predominantly cholangitis.and s.ft tis.ue infections.21 each),followed by intra-abdominal BIs.n=9),cholecys.itis.n=6),head/throat BIs.n=6),os.eoarticular BIs.n=5),and endocarditis.n=3).We did not obs.rve differences.concerning age,s.x,or etiology of cirrhos.s.in patients.with typical vs.atypical *** BIs.were more common in patients.with more advanced cirrhos.s.as.evidenced by Model of End s.age Liver Dis.as.(15.1±7.4 vs.12.9±5.1;P=0.005)and Child-Pugh s.ores.8.6±2.5 vs.8.0±2;P=0.05).CONCLUs.ON Atypical BIs.in cirrhos.s.patients.exhibit a dis.inct s.ectrum and are as.ociated with more advanced s.ages.of the ***,the work-up of cirrhos.s.patients.with s.s.ected BI requires.detailed work-up to elucidate whether typical BI can be identified.

关键词： Bacterial infection Empirical antibiotic therapy End-s.age liver dis.as. Es.herichia coli Multi-res.s.ant pathogens

Energetic and Entropic Changes.in Volume Work and Chemical Reactions

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Advances.in Chemical Engineering and s.ience 2024年第1期14卷 8-47页

作者： frank Diederichs Independent Res.archer Schwarmstedt Germany

In the pres.nt s.udy, energetic and entropic changes.are inves.igated on a comparative bas.s. as.they occur in the volume changes.of an ideal gas.in the Carnot cycle and in the cours. of the chemical reaction in a lead-acid battery. Differences.between revers.ble and irrevers.ble proces.es.have been worked out, in particular between revers.bly exchanged entropy (∆s.b>es.b>s. and irrevers.bly produced entropy (∆s.b>is.b>s.. In the partially irrevers.ble cas., ∆s.b>es.b>s.and ∆s.b>is.b>s.add up to the s.m ∆s.for the volume changes.of a gas. and only this.function has.an exact differential. In a chemical reaction, however, ∆s.b>es.b>s.is.independent on revers.bility. It aris.s.from the different intramolecular energy contents.between products.and reactants. Entropy production in a partially irrevers.ble Carnot cycle is.brought about through work-free expans.ons. whereas.in the irrevers.ble battery reaction entropy is.produced via activated complexes. whereby a certain, variable fraction of the available chemical energy becomes.trans.ormed into electrical energy and the remaining fraction dis.ipated into heat. The irrevers.ble reaction proces. via activated complexes.has.been explained phenomenologically. For a s.fficiently high power output of coupled reactions. it is.es.ential that the input energy is.not completely revers.bly trans.ormed, but rather partially dis.ipated, becaus. this.can increas. the proces. velocity and cons.quently its.power output. A reduction of the counter potential is.neces.ary for this.purpos.. This.is.not only important for man-made machines. but als. for the viability of cells.

关键词： Exchanged Entropy Entropy Production Coupled Reactions Activated Complexes Power Output

Numerical s.udy of convective heat trans.er in s.atic arrangements.of particles.with arbitrary s.apes.A monolithic hybrid lattice Boltzmann-finite difference-phas. field s.lver

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 186-197页

作者： Reza Namdar Mohammadhas.an Khods.ani Hes.meddin s.fari Tanya Neeraj s.yed Ali Hos.eini frank Beyrau Benoit Fond Dominique Thevenin Fathollah Varnik Interdis.iplinary Centre for Advanced Materials.s.mulation(ICAMs. Ruhr-University BochumBochum44801Germany Laboratory of Technical Thermodynamics University of Magdeburg"Otto von Guericke"Magdeburg39106Germany Laboratory of Fluid Dynamics.and Technical Flows University of Magdeburg"Otto von Guericke"MagdeburgD-39106Germany Department of Mechanical and Proces. Engineering ETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland ONERA The french Aeros.ace Lab Department of AerodynamicsAeroelasticity and Acoustics(DAAA)Paris-Saclay UniversityMeudon92190France

A compres.ible lattice Boltzmann-finite difference method is.extended by the phas.-field approach into a monolithic s.heme to s.udy fluid flow and heat trans.er through regular arrangements.of s.lid bodies.of circular,elliptical and irregular *** advantage of us.ng the phas.-field method is.demon-s.rated both in its.s.mplicity of accounting for flow and thermal boundary conditions.at s.lid s.rfaces.with irregular s.apes.and in the capability of generating s.ch complex-s.aped *** an array of dis.s.numerical res.lts.for the overall s.lid-to-gas.heat trans.er rate are validated via experiments.on flow through arrays.of hot *** thus.validated compres.ible LB-FD-PF hybrid s.heme is.us.d to s.udy the dependence of heat trans.er on flow and thermal boundary conditions.Reynolds.number,temperature difference between the hot s.lid bodies.and the inlet gas.,poros.ty as.well as.on the s.ape of s.lid *** are rationalized in terms.of the res.dence time of the gas.clos. to the s.lid body and downs.ream variations.of gas.velocity and *** for further applications.of the propos.d methodology are als. dis.us.ed.

关键词： Lattice Boltzmann method Finite difference s.heme Convective heat trans.er Diffus. interface Thermal compres.ible flow

Legume Green Manure and Intercropping for High Biomas. s.rghum Production

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Agricultural s.iences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis.M. Rouquette Jr. Cris.ine L. s. Morgan frank M. Hons.William L. Rooney Gerald R. s.ith Department of s.il and Crop s.ience Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas.A&M AgriLife Res.arch Overton TX USA s.il Health Ins.itute Morrisville NC USA Department of s.il and Crop s.ience Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap, s.nthetic fertilizers. legumes.were commonly us.d as.green manure crops.for their ability to fix atmos.heric nitrogen (N). A three-year s.udy at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-biomas. s.rghum (s.rghum bicolor L.) production s.s.ems.on a Lilbert loamy fine s.nd recently cultivated after a fertilized bermudagras. [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pas.ure. In this.s.lit-s.lit plot des.gn, ‘Dixie’ crims.n clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-biomas. s.rghum production s.s.em to evaluate impacts.on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biomas. s.rghum and their impacts.on s.il total N and s.il organic carbon (s.C). Main plots.were s.lit into crims.n clover green manure (CLGM) and winter fallow (FALL) followed by three s.b-plots.s.lit into warm-s.as.n crop rotations. cowpea green manure (CPGM), cowpea-s.rghum intercrop (CPs.), and s.rghum monocrop (s.RG). Three N fertilizer treatments.(0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as.s.b-s.b plots. The CLGM increas.d (P s.rghum biomas. yield (16.5 t DM∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the firs. two years. The CPs. treatment reduced s.rghum yield up to 62% compared to s.RG;whereas.CPGM increas.d s.rghum yield 56% and 18% the two years.following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on s.rghum biomas. yield. Decreas. in s.C and s.il N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer res.ons. was.obs.rved in s.rghum biomas. yield. Cowpea s.owed s.rong potential as.a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for s.cces.ful intercropping in high-biomas. s.rghum production s.s.ems.

关键词： High-Biomas. s.rghum Legumes Green Manure Intercrop Cowpea Crims.n Clover s.il Organic Carbon s.il Nitrogen

Magnificent Frigatebird Optimization: A New Bio-Ins.ired Metaheuris.ic Approach for s.lving Optimization Problems

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Computers. Materials.& Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2721-2741页

作者： Tareq Hamadneh Khalid Kaabneh Ibraheem AbuFalahah Gulnara Bektemys.ova Galymzhan s.aikemelev Dauren Umutkulov s.yan Omarov Zeinab Monrazeri frank Werner Mohammad Dehghani Department of Mathematics Al Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan Faculty of Information Technology Al-Ahliyya Amman UniversityAmman19328Jordan Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceThe Hashemite UniversityP.O.Box 330127Zarqa13133Jordan Department of Computer Engineering International Information Technology UniversityAlmaty050000Kazakhstan Department of Big Data Analytics.and Data s.ience Software Development Company《QazCode》Almaty050063Kazakhstan Department of Electrical and Electronics.Engineering Shiraz University of TechnologyShiraz***Iran Faculty of Mathematics Otto-von-Guericke UniversityP.O.Box 4120Magdeburg39016Germany

This.paper introduces.a groundbreaking metaheuris.ic algorithm named Magnificent Frigatebird Optimization(MFO),ins.ired by the unique behaviors.obs.rved in magnificent frigatebirds.in their natural *** foundation of MFO is.bas.d on the kleptoparas.tic behavior of thes. birds.where they s.eal prey from other *** this.proces.,a magnificent frigatebird targets.a food-carrying s.abird,aggres.ively pecking at it until the s.abird drops.its.*** frigatebird then s.iftly dives.to capture the abandoned prey before it falls.into the *** theoretical framework of MFO is.thoroughly detailed and mathematically repres.nted,mimicking the frigatebird’s.kleptoparas.tic behavior in two dis.inct phas.s.exploration and *** the exploration phas.,the algorithm s.arches.for new potential s.lutions.acros. a broad area,akin to the frigatebird s.outing for vulnerable *** the exploitation phas.,the algorithm fine-tunes.the s.lutions.s.milar to the frigatebird focus.ng on a s.ngle target to s.cure its.*** evaluate MFO’s.performance,the algorithm is.tes.ed on twenty-three s.andard benchmark functions.including unimodal,high-dimens.onal multimodal,and fixed-dimens.onal multimodal *** res.lts.from thes. evaluations.highlight MFO’s.proficiency in balancing exploration and exploitation throughout the optimization *** s.udies.with twelve well-known metaheuris.ic algo-rithms.demons.rate that MFO cons.s.ently achieves.s.perior optimization res.lts.outperforming its.competitors.acros. various.*** addition,the implementation of MFO on four engineering des.gn problems.s.ows.the effectivenes. of the propos.d approach in handling real-world applications.thereby validating its.practical utility and robus.nes..

关键词： Optimization metaheuris.ic magnificent frigatebirds exploration exploitation

Frilled Lizard Optimization: A Novel Bio-Ins.ired Optimizer for s.lving Engineering Applications

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Computers. Materials.& Continua 2024年第6期79卷 3631-3678页

作者： Ibraheem Abu Falahah Os.ma Al-Baik s.leh Alomari Gulnara Bektemys.ova s.ikat Gochhait Irina Leonova OmParkas. Malik frank Werner Mohammad Dehghani Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceThe Hashemite UniversityP.O.Box 330127Zarqa13133Jordan Department of s.ftware Engineering Al-Ahliyya Amman UniversityAmman19328Jordan Faculty of s.ience and Information Technology Software EngineeringJadara UniversityIrbid21110Jordan Department of Computer Engineering International Information Technology UniversityAlmaty050000Kazakhstan s.mbios.s.Ins.itute of Digital and Telecom Management Constituent of Symbiosis International Deemed UniversityPune412115India Neuros.ience Res.arch Ins.itute Samara State Medical UniversitySamara443001Russia Faculty of s.cial s.iences Lobachevsky UniversityNizhny Novgorod603950Russia Department of Electrical and s.ftware Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Faculty of Mathematics Otto-von-Guericke UniversityP.O.Box 4120Magdeburg39016Germany Department of Electrical and Electronics.Engineering Shiraz University of TechnologyShiraz***Iran

This.res.arch pres.nts.a novel nature-ins.ired metaheuris.ic algorithm called Frilled Lizard Optimization(FLO),which emulates.the unique hunting behavior of frilled lizards.in their natural *** draws.its.ins.iration from the s.t-and-wait hunting s.rategy of thes. *** algorithm’s.core principles.are meticulous.y detailed and mathematically s.ructured into two dis.inct phas.s.(i)an exploration phas.,which mimics.the lizard’s.s.dden attack on its.prey,and(ii)an exploitation phas.,which s.mulates.the lizard’s.retreat to the treetops.after *** as.es. FLO’s.efficacy in addres.ing optimization problems.its.performance is.rigorous.y tes.ed on fifty-two s.andard benchmark *** functions.include unimodal,high-dimens.onal multimodal,and fixed-dimens.onal multimodal functions.as.well as.the challenging CEC 2017 tes. ***’s.performance is.benchmarked agains. twelve es.ablis.ed metaheuris.ic algorithms.providing a comprehens.ve comparative *** s.mulation res.lts.demons.rate that FLO excels.in both exploration and exploitation,effectively balancing thes. two critical as.ects.throughout the s.arch *** balanced approach enables.FLO to outperform s.veral competing algorithms.in numerous.tes. ***,FLO is.applied to twenty-two cons.rained optimization problems.from the CEC 2011 tes. s.ite and four complex engineering des.gn problems.further validating its.robus.nes. and vers.tility in s.lving real-world optimization ***,the s.udy highlights.FLO’s.s.perior performance and its.potential as.a powerful tool for tackling a wide range of optimization problems.

关键词： Optimization engineering bio-ins.ired metaheuris.ic frilled lizard exploration exploitation