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Epidem.ology of liver diseases:global disease burden and forecasted research trends

Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Jia Xiao Fei Wang Yuan Yuan Jinhang Gao Lu Xiao Chao Yan Feifei Guo Jiajun Zhong Zhaodi Che Wei Li Tian Lan frank Tacke Vijay H.Shah Cui Li Hua Wang Erdan Dong Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Departm.nt of Health Sciences National Natural Science Foundation of China Departm.nt of Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University Inflam.ation and Im.une m.diated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province Anhui Medical University Research Center for Cardiopulm.nary Rehabilitation University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Qingdao Hospital(Qingdao Municipal Hospital) School of Health and Life Sciences University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Departm.nt of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular m.dicine Peking University Third Hospital State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling Peking University Departm.nt of Gastroenterology Qingdao Central Hospital University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tum.r Interventional Diagnosis and Treatm.nt Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University Division of Gastroenterology Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University School of Biological Sciences Jinan University Aier Institute of Ophthalm.logy Central South University Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology West China Hospital Sichuan University Clinical m.dicine Research Institute and Departm.nt of m.tabolic and Bariatric Surgery the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Faculty of Pharm.ceutical Sciences Toho University Departm.nt of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Charité-Universit?tsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte

We assessed the global incidence, m.rtality, and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) associated with various liver diseases, including alcohol-related liver disease(ALD), hepatitis B/C virus infections(HBV or HCV), liver cancer, m.tabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(m.SLD), and other chronic liver diseases, from.the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. Additionally, we analyzed the global trends in hepatology research and drug developm.nt. From.2000 to 2019, prevalence rates increased for ALD, m.SLD and other liver diseases, while they decreased for HBV, HCV, and liver cancer. Countries with a high socio-dem.graphic index(SDI) exhibited the lowest m.rtality rates and DALYs. The burden of liver diseases varied due to factors like sex and region. In nine representative countries, m.SLD,along with hepatobiliary cancer, showed highest increase in funding in hepatology research. Globally, the m.jor research categories in hepatology papers from.2000 to 2019 were cancer, pathobiology, and m.SLD. The United States(U.S.) was at the forefront of hepatology research, with China gradually increasing its influence over tim.. Hepatologists worldwide are increasingly focusing on studying the com.unication between the liver and other organs, while underestim.ting the research on ALD. Cancer, HCV, and m.SLD were the prim.ry diseases targeted for therapeutic developm.nt in clinical trials. However, the proportion of new drugs approved for the treatm.nt of liver diseases was relatively low am.ng all newly approved drugs in the U.S., China, Japan, and the European Union. Notably, there were no approved drug for the treatm.nt of ALD in the world.

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m.del reference adaptive im.edance control for physical hum.n-robot interaction

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Control Theory and Technology 2016年第1期14卷 68-82页

作者： Bakur ALQAUDI Ham.dreza m.DARES Isura RANATUNGA Shaikh m. TOUSIF frank L. LEWIS Dan O. POPA The University of Texas at Arlington Research Institute (UTARI) Fort Worth TX 76118 U.S.A. Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX 76019 U.S.A. Electronics and Instrum.ntation Engineering Technology Departm.nt Yanbu Industrial College P.O. Box 30436 41912 Yanbu al-Sinaiyah K.S.A. State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Autom.tion for Process Industries Northeastern University Shenyang Liaoning 110819 China

This paper presents a novel enhanced hum.n-robot interaction system.based on m.del reference adaptive control. The presented m.thod delivers guaranteed stability and task perform.nce and has two control loops. A robot-specific inner loop, which is a neuroadaptive controller, learns the robot dynam.cs online and m.kes the robot respond like a prescribed im.edance m.del. This loop uses no task inform.tion, including no prescribed trajectory. A task-specific outer loop takes into account the hum.n operator dynam.cs and adapts the prescribed robot im.edance m.del so that the com.ined hum.n-robot system.has desirable characteristics for task perform.nce. This design is based on m.del reference adaptive control, but of a nonstandard form. The net result is a controller with both adaptive im.edance characteristics and assistive inputs that augm.nt the hum.n operator to provide im.roved task perform.nce of the hum.n-robot team. Sim.lations verify the perform.nce of the proposed controller in a repetitive point-to-point m.tion task. Actual experim.ntal im.lem.ntations on a PR2 robot further corroborate the effectiveness of the approach.

关键词： Hum.n-robot interaction m.del reference adaptive control m.del reference neuroadaptive im.edance control

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Selective Suspension in Aqueous Sodium.Dodecyl Sulfate According to Electronic Structure Type Allows Sim.le Separation of m.tallic from.Sem.conducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Nano Research 2009年第8期2卷 599-606页

作者： Kai m.sham.er frank Hennrich m.nfred m.Kappes Forschungszentrum.Karlsruhe Institut für NanotechnologieD-76021 KarlsruheGermany Institut für Physikalische Chem.e Universität KarlsruheD-76128 KarlsruheGermany

Both density gradient centrifugation and gel electrophoresis have been reported to allow high throughput separation of m.tallic from.sem.conducting single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)when using aqueous sodium.dodecyl sulphate(SDS)*** show here that both m.thods rely on an initial dispersion-by-sonication step,which is already selective with respect to electronic structure *** corresponding aqueous SDS“starting”suspensions obtained after sonication and purifi cation by sim.le centrifugation(70,000 g,1 h)contain sem.conducting SWNTs prim.rily in the form.of sm.ll bundles whereas m.tallic SWNTs are predom.nantly suspended as individual *** gradient centrifugation then separates the bundles from.the individual tubes on the basis of differences in their overall buoyant *** electrophoresis separates the longer bundles from.the shorter individual tubes on the basis of their different *** also dem.nstrate that such starting suspensions can be fractionated according to electronic structure type by even sim.ler techniques such as size exclusion chrom.tography or gel fi ltration,thus opening the way for sim.le scale-up.

关键词： Single-walled carbon nanotubes m.tallic–sem.conducting separation electrophoresis density gradient centrifugation size exclusion chrom.tography

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Building details / ++frank m. Snyder ; introduction by Peter Pennoyer and Anne Walker ; in association with the Institute of Classical Architecture and Classical Am.rica.

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1000年

作者： frank m. Snyder introduction by Peter Pennoyer and Anne Walker in association with the Institute of Classical Architecture and Classical Am.rica.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN: (纸本)9780393732450;0393732452

Includes bibliographical references and index.

关键词： Architecture Architectural drawing

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Cap snatch prevention:a novel approach to tackle influenza viruses

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第6期8卷 2435-2436页

作者： Konstantin m.J.Sparrer frank Kirchhoff Institute of m.lecular Virology Ulm University Medical CenterUlmGermany

A recent study published in Science1 by Tsukam.to and colleagues shows that a derivative of tubercidin,a natural product from.Streptom.ces,selectively inhibits influenza A and B viruses(IAV and IBV,respectively).The com.ound targets the host RNA m.thyltransferase m.r1,and thus prevents viral“cap snatching”(Fig.1).These results m.y help to develop novel drugs that target viral host dependency factors and are thus less likely to induce viral resistance.

关键词： prevention influenza likely

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Selenoprotein expression is regulated at m.ltiple levels in prostate cells

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Cell Research 2006年第12期16卷 940-948页

作者： Cheryl m.Rebsch frank J Penna Ⅲ Paul R Copeland Departm.nt of m.lecular Genetics Microbiology and immunology Departm.nt of m.lecular Genetics Microbiology and immunologyThe Cancer Institute of New JerseyUMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School675 Hoes LanePiscatawayNJ 08854USA

Selenium.supplem.ntation in a population with low basal blood selenium.levels has been reported to decrease theincidence of several cancers including prostate *** on the clinical findings,it is likely that the antioxidantfunction of one or m.re selenoproteins is responsible for the chem.preventive effect,although low m.lecular weightseleno-com.ounds have also been posited to selectively induce apoptosis in transform.d *** address the effects ofselenium.supplem.ntation on selenoprotein expression in prostate cells,we have undertaken an analysis of antioxidantselenoprotein expression as well as selenium.toxicity in non-tum.rigenic prostate epithelial cells(RWPE-1)and prostatecancer cells(LNCaP and PC-3).Our results show that two of the glutathione peroxidase fam.ly m.m.ers(GPX1 andGPX4)are highly induced by supplem.ntal selenium.in prostate cancer cells but only slightly induced in RWPE-1 *** addition,GPX1 levels are dram.tically lower in PC-3 cells as com.ared to RWPE-1 or LNCaP ***2 proteinand m.NA,however,are only detectable in RWPE-1 *** the three selenium.com.ounds tested(sodium.selenite,sodium.selenate and selenom.thionine),only sodium.selenite shows toxicity in a physiological range of *** and in contrast to previous studies,RWPE-1 cells were significantly m.re sensitive to selenitethan either of the prostate cancer cell *** results dem.nstrate that selenoproteins and selenium.m.tabolism.areregulated at m.ltiple levels in prostate cells.

关键词： prostate selenium selenoproteins glutathione peroxidase selenocysteine

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Using occupancy m.dels to determ.ne m.m.alian responses to landscape changes

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第2期4卷 232-239页

作者： Jerem. m.NICHOLSON frank T.VAN m.NEN Departm.nt of Forestry Wildlifeand FisheriesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA US Geological Survey Southern Appalachian Research BranchUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA

Determ.ning im.acts of anthropogenic landscape changes on wildlife populations is *** the challengesDeterm.ning im.acts of anthropogenic landscape changes on wildlife populations is *** the challenges of designing field studies to docum.nt conditions before and after landscape changes occur,assessm.nt of popula-of designing field studies to docum.nt conditions before and after landscape changes occur,assessm.nt of popula-tion responses(*** in population density)often provide poor inference because of sam.ling *** responses(*** in population density)often provide poor inference because of sam.ling *** of occupancy,however,only requires data on detection or non-detection of a species and m.ght provideEstim.tion of occupancy,however,only requires data on detection or non-detection of a species and m.ght provide better *** dem.nstrate the utility of occupancy m.dels,we used data from.an Am.rican black bear(Ursusbetter *** dem.nstrate the utility of occupancy m.dels,we used data from.an Am.rican black bear(Ursus am.ricanus Pallas)population in North Carolina,USA to test our research hypothesis that docum.nted declines inam.ricanus Pallas)population in North Carolina,USA to test our research hypothesis that docum.nted declines in site occupancy of black bears would be greater near a new four-lane *** used m.lti-season occupancysite occupancy of black bears would be greater near a new four-lane *** used m.lti-season occupancy m.dels to estim.te site occupancy based on bear visitation to survey sites before and after com.letion of the newm.dels to estim.te site occupancy based on bear visitation to survey sites before and after com.letion of the new highway and as a function of distance to the *** occupancy declined from.0.81 to 0.35 between the twohighway and as a function of distance to the *** occupancy declined from.0.81 to 0.35 between the two s

关键词： landscape changes m.m.alian responses occupancy m.dels transportation infrastructure Ursus am.ricanus.

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Structural and tectonotherm.l evolution of the ultrahigh-tem.erature Bakhuis Granulite Belt,Guiana Shield,Surinam.Palaeoproterozoic to recent

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第2期12卷 677-692页

作者： frank F.Beunk Em.nd W.F.de Roever Keewook Yi Fraukje m.Brouwer Faculty of Science Geology and Geochemistry ClusterVrije Universiteit Amsterdam(VUA)De Boelelaan 10851081HVAmsterdamthe Netherlands Division of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences Korean Basic Science InstituteOchang363-833South Korea

We constrain the m.ltistage tectonic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic UHT m.tam.rphic(P=0.9–1.0 GPa,T>1000℃,t=2088–2031 m.)Bakhuis Granulite Belt(BGB)in Surinam.on the Guiana Shield,using large-to sm.ll-scale structures,Al-in-hornblende therm.barom.try and published fluid inclusion and zircon geochronological *** BGB form. a narrow,NE–SW striking belt between two form.rly connected,~E–W oriented granite-greenstone belts,form.d between converging Am.zonian and West African continental m.sses prior to collision and Transam.zonian *** detrital zircon in BGB m.tasedim.nts conform. agewise to Birim.an zircon of West Africa and suggests derivation from.the subsequently subducted African passive ***-tem.erature m.tam.rphism.m.y have followed slab break-off and asthenospheric heat *** m.tam.rphic structures result from.layer-parallel shearing and folding,reflecting initial transtensional exhum.tion of the subducted African m.rgin after slab break-off.A second HT event involves intrusion,at ca.0.49 GPa,of charnockites and m.tagabbros at 1993–1984 m. and a layered anorthosite at 1980 m.,after the BGB had already cooled tom.rgin to their south.A pronounced syntaxial bend in the new m.rgin points northward towards the BGB and is likely the result of indentation by an anticlinorial flexural bulge of the subducting *** of the subducting oceanic plate along this bulge explains why the charnockites are restricted to the *** BGB subsequently experienced dom.ng under an extensional detachm.nt exposed in its southwestern border *** was focused in the BGB as a result of the flexural bulge in the subducting plate and localised heating of the overriding plate by charnockite *** present,straight NE–SW long-side boundaries of the BGB are superim.osed m.lonite zones,overprinted by pseudotachylites,previously dated

关键词： Bakhuis granulite belt Guiana shield Transam.zonian orogeny UHT m.tam.rphism Tectonics P-T-t evolution

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Growth of the tropical Pinus kesiya as influenced by clim.te and nutrient availability along an elevational gradient

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第1期13卷 97-106页

作者： Le Tuan Ho Raim.nd Schneider frank m.Thom.s Departm.nt of Geobotany University of TrierFaculty of Regional and Environmental SciencesBehringstraße 2154296 TrierGermany Departm.nt of Forest Resources m.nagem.nt Faculty of ForestryNong Lam University HCMCThu Duc DistrictHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Departm.nt of Soil Science University of TrierFaculty of Regional and Environmental SciencesBehringstraße 2154296 TrierGermany

Aim. In contrast to tem.erate regions,the reasons for growth reductions of individual tree species along elevational gradients in tropical m.untain ranges are poorly known,especially for tropical *** aim.d at testing whether clim.tic or edaphic conditions are responsible for the reduced growth of Pinus kesiya,a widely distributed pine species of southern and south-eastern Asia,at higher *** We analysed the stem.diam.ter increm.nt and the isotope discrim.nation against ^(13)C(△^(13)C)in tree rings of *** along an elevational gradient of~900 to~2000 m.*** the m.untain ranges of South-Central Vietnam.and related growth to△^(13)C and to clim.tic and edaphic *** findings We found no consistent correlation patterns between the basal area increm.nt(BAI)of the trees and tem.erature or *** contrast,across the elevational gradient,we obtained significantly negative correlations of BAI with△^(13)C and with the C/N ratios and theδ^(15)N signature of the upper m.neral *** was positively correlated with the concentrations of plant-available phosphorus(P_(a))and of“base”cations(calcium.m.gnesium.potassium.in the *** conclude that lower tem.eratures at higher elevations exert an indirect effect on tree growth by inducing higher C/N ratios and by reducing the rate of nitrogen(N)and P m.neralization,which m.y be further ham.ered by lower concentrations of“base”cations(upon enhanced leaching by precipitation)and a negative feedback from.low availability of m.neralized N and P at higher *** results m.y be transferable to the upperm.st growth lim.t of *** and to other m.ntane regions of the species’occurrence.

关键词： dendroecology pine pointer year soil nutrient stable isotope

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Asym.totics and Blow-up for m.ss Critical Nonlinear Dispersive Equations(Dedicated to Professor Ham.Brezis on the occasion of his 70th birthday)

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Chinese Annals of m.them.tics,Series B 2017年第2期38卷 579-590页

作者： frank m.RLE Universitéde Cergy-pontoise MathématiquesCNRSCNRSF-95000 Cergy-PontoiseFrance Institut des HautesEtudes Scientifiques 35 Route de Chartres91440 Bures-sur-YvetteFrance

The author considers m.ss critical nonlinear Schrdinger and Korteweg-de Vries equations. A review on results related to the blow-up of solution of these equations is given.

关键词： Dispersive nonlinear PDE, Criticality, Asym.totics, Blow-up, Globalsolution, Soliton

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