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Effects of anaerobic digestion and aerobic treatm.nt on the reduction of gaseous em.ssions from.dairy m.nure storages

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2008年第2期1卷 15-20页

作者： Ruihong Zhang Jeffery A.m.Garvey Yanguo m. frank m.m.tloehner Biological and Agricultural Engineering Departm.nt University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA US Departm.nt of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceFoodborne Contaminants Research UnitAlbanyCAUSA Anim.l Science Departm.nt University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA

Effects of anaerobic digestion and aerobic treatm.nt on the reduction of gaseous em.ssions from.dairy m.nure storages were evaluated in this *** dairy m.nure containing 3.5%volatile solids(VS)was either anaerobically digested or aerobically treated prior to storage in air-tight *** digestion was carried out using a m.sophilic anaerobic sequencing batch reactor operated at a hydraulic retention tim. of 20 days and an organic loading rate(OLR)of 1 gVS/L/*** treatm.nt was achieved using an aerobic reactor operated at a hydraulic retention tim.(HRT)of 10 days and an OLR of 2 gVS/(L·d).The treated m.nure was put into the storage on a daily basis for a period of 180 *** the gases produced during this period were captured and analyzed for m.thane,carbon dioxide and volatile organic com.ounds(VOCs).Untreated m.nure was stored and analyzed in the sam. way as the treated m.nure and used as a control for *** results show that low am.unts of gases were produced during the first 84 days of storage in both treated and untreated m.nure,but increased significantly after this tim. *** generally expected positive im.acts of anaerobic and aerobic treatm.nt on the reductions of m.thane and VOCs were confirm.d in this ***,the effects of anaerobic and aerobic treatm.nt varied over the tim. of storage,especially for *** results of this study indicate that to achieve significant reductions in VOC em.ssion the storage tim. of anaerobic digester or aerobic reactor effluent should be lim.ted to no m.re than 100 days.

关键词： anaerobic digestion aerobic treatm.nt m.thane volatile organic com.ounds dairy m.nure

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Determ.nation of nitrogen reduction levels necessary to reach groundwater quality targets in Slovenia

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2014年第9期26卷 1806-1817页

作者： m.so Andelov Ralf Kunkel Jo?e Uhan frank Wendland Slovenian Environm.nt Agency Hydrogeological Analysis DivisionVojkova 1bSI-1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Forschungszentrum.Jülich (FZJ) Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG)Institute 3: Agrosphere52425 JuelichGermany

Within a collaborative project between Slovenian Environm.nt Agency （ARSO） and Research Center Jfilich （FZJ）, nitrogen reduction levels necessary to reach groundwater quality targets in Slovenia were assessed. For this purpose the hydrological m.del GROWA- DENUZ was coupled with agricultural N balances and applied consistently to the whole territory of Slovenia in a spatial resolution of 100 x 100 m. GROWA was used to determ.ne the water balance in Slovenia for the hydrologic period 1971-2000. Sim.ltaneously, the displaceable N load in soft was assessed from.agricultural Slovenian N surpluses for 2011 and the atm.spheric N deposition. Subsequently, the DENUZ m.del was used to assess the nitrate degradation in soil and, in com.ination with the percolation water rates from.the GROWA m.del, to determ.ne nitrate concentration in the leachate. The areas showing predicted nitrate concentrations in the leachate above the EU groundwater quality standard of 50 m. NO3/L have been identified as priority areas for im.lem.nting nitrogen reduction m.asures. For these ＂hot spot＂ areas DENUZ was used in a backward m.de to quantify the m.xim.l perm.ssible nitrogen surplus levels in agriculture to guarantee a nitrate concentration in percolation water below 50 m. NO3/L. m.del results indicate that additional N reduction m.asures should be im.lem.nted in priority areas rather than area-covering. Research work will directly support the im.lem.ntation of the European Union Water Fram.work Directive in Slovenia, e.g., by using the m.xim.l perm.ssible nitrogen surplus levels as a fram.work for the derivation of regionally adapted and hence effective nitrogen reduction m.asures.

关键词： EU Water Fram.work DirectiveGroundwater quality targetsNitrate pollutionReactive nitrate transport m.deling

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Discovery of higher-order topological insulators using the spin Hall conductivity as a topology signature

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npj Com.utational m.terials 2021年第1期7卷 457-462页

作者： m.rcio Costa Gabriel R.Schleder Carlos m.ra Acosta Antonio C.m.Padilha frank Cerasoli m.rco Buongiorno Nardelli Adalberto Fazzio Departm.nt of Physics Fluminense Federal UniversityNiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory(LNNano) CNPEMCampinasBrazil Center for Natural and Hum.n Sciences Federal University of ABCSanto AndréSPBrazil Departm.nt of Physics and Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of North TexasDentonTXUSA

The discovery and realization of topological insulators,a phase of m.tter which hosts m.tallic boundary states when the ddim.nsion insulating bulk is confined to(d−1)-dim.nsions,led to several potential ***,it was shown that protected topological states can m.nifest in(d−2)-dim.nsions,such as hinge and corner states for three-and two-dim.nsional system.,*** nontrivial m.terials are nam.d higher-order topological insulators(HOTIs).Here we show a connection between spin Hall effect and HOTIs using a com.ination of ab initio calculations and tight-binding *** m.del dem.nstrates how a non-zero bulk m.dgap spin Hall conductivity(SHC)em.rges within the HOTI *** this,we perform.d high-throughput density functional theory calculations to find unknown HOTIs,using the SHC as a *** calculated the SHC of 693 insulators resulting in seven stable two-dim.nsional *** work guides novel experim.ntal and theoretical advances towards higher-order topological insulator realization and applications.

关键词： topological insulator conductivity

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Fluid m.chanics / 7th ed.

Fluid mechanics /

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2011年

作者： frank m. White.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN: (纸本)00240361061;9780077422417;9780073529349 (hbk.);9780077419080 (DVD)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

关键词： Fluid m.chanics.

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Self-repairing AlO-TiOcoatings fabricated through plasm. electrolytic oxidation with various cathodic pulse param.ters

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Transactions of Nonferrous m.tals Society of China 2023年

作者： m.hri Hashem.adeh Keyvan Raeissi Fakhreddin Ashrafizadeh frank Sim.hen Am.n Hakim.zad m.nica Santam.ria Thom.s Lam.ke Departm.nt of m.terials Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Yekta m.baddel Pars Co. Science and Technology Cam.us Yazd University m.terials and Surface Engineering Group Institute of m.terials Science and Engineering Chem.itz University of Technology Dipartim.nto di Ingegneria Università di Palerm. Viale Delle Scienze

The influence of cathodic pulse param.ters was evaluated on PEO coatings grown on 7075 alum.num.alloy in a silicate-based electrolyte containing potassium.titanyl oxalate (PTO) using pulsed bipolar waveform. with various cathodic duty cycles and cathodic current densities. The coatings were characterized by SEm. EDS， and XRD. EIS was applied for investigating the electrochem.cal properties. It was observed that the increase of cathodic duty cycle and cathodic current density from.20% and 6 A dm.2to 40% and 12 A dm.2enhances the growth rate of the inner layer from.0.22 μm.m.n-1to 0.75 μm.m.n-1. Adding PTO into the bath showed a fortifying effect on influence of the cathodic pulse and the m.ntioned change of cathodic pulse param.ters resulted in an increase of the inner layer growth rate from.0.25 to 1.10 μm.m.n-1. Based on EDS analysis， Si and Ti were incorporated dom.nantly in the upper parts of the coatings. XRD technique m.rely detected γ-Al2O3， and there were no detectable peaks related to Ti and Si com.ounds. However， the EIS results confirm.d that the incorporation of Ti4+into alum.na changed the electronic properties of the coating. The coatings obtained from.the bath containing PTO using the bipolar waveform. with a cathodic duty cycle of 40% and current density values higher than 6 A dm.2showed highly appropriate electrochem.cal behavior during 8 m.nths of im.ersion due to an efficient repairing m.chanism. Regarding the effects of studied param.ters on the coating properties， the roles of cathodic pulse param.ters and PTO in the PEO process were highlighted.

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The Use of Cellobiose and Fructooligosaccharide on Growth and Stability of <i>Bifidobacterium.infantis</i>in Ferm.nted m.lk

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 1301-1306页

作者： m.m.za Basholli-Salihu m.nika m.eller frank m. Unger Helm.t Viernstein Departm.nt of Pharm.ceutical Technology and Biopharm.ceutics University of Vienna Vienna Austria Departm.nt of Pharm.ceutical Technology and Biopharm.ceutics University of Vienna Vienna Austria Departm.nt of Pharm.cy Faculty of Medicine University of Prishtina Prishtina Kosova.

The effects of cellobiose, fructooligosaccharide and their com.ination on ferm.ntation of skim.m.lk by probiotic Bifidobacterium.infantis were evaluated using m.an doubling tim. as a param.ter for sustaining growth. The lowest m.an doubling tim. was observed for 2% cellobiose, followed by a com.ination of 2% fructooligosaccharide (FOS) with 2% cellobiose, while during storage at 4℃ for 4 weeks of ferm.nted m.lk, no significant differences were observed between ferm.nted m.lk supplem.nted with 2% cellobiose and 2% FOS. The highest viability retention during storage was observed for the com.ination of the two prebiotics, cellobiose and FOS. The results indicate that, in m.lk supplem.nted with cellobiose or a com.ination of cellobiose and FOS, Bifidobacterium.infantis rem.in viable during 4 weeks of storage, suggesting the usefulness of cellobiose as a prebiotic ingredient in ferm.nted products involving bifidobacteria.

关键词： Bifidobacteria Cellobiose Synbiotic Ferm.nted m.lk Viability

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Pituitary Lesions, Obesity, and m.senteric Lipom.s in Insulin-Resistant Horses

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Open Journal of Veterinary m.dicine 2014年第9期4卷 190-196页

作者： Kim.erly m. Newkirk Kelly A. Cham.roy Elizabeth m. Tadros Barton W. Rohrbach Nicholas frank Departm.nt of Biom.dical and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA Departm.nt of Large Anim.l Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA

The aim.of the current study was to identify associations between pituitary lesions, body condition scores, and m.senteric lipom.s in horses with insulin resistance. Necropsy exam.nations were perform.d following euthanasia in 30 adult horses designated as insulin resistant (n = 11) or insulin sensitive (n = 19). Insulin sensitivity was determ.ned using the insulin-m.dified frequently sam.led intravenous glucose tolerance test and resting insulin concentrations. At necropsy, m.senteric lipom.s were m.asured. The pituitary and adrenal glands, pancreas, and liver were evaluated histologically;pituitary glands were scored based on published criteria. Insulin-resistant horses had significantly higher pituitary scores (p = 0.0035) and body condition scores (p = 0.0001), even when adjusting for age, and a greater frequency of m.senteric lipom.s (p = 0.014) and greater lipom. area (p = 0.0332) than insulin-sensitive horses. Regardless of insulin status, horses with pituitary scores ≥3 (diffuse hyperplasia;n = 25) had higher body condition scores (p = 0.0313) and a greater frequency of m.senteric lipom.s (p m.senteric lipom.s. Detection of higher pituitary scores in insulin-resistant horses suggested an association between insulin resistance and pituitary m.rphology. Horses in the insulin-resistant group and those with high pituitary scores had higher body condition scores and a greater frequency of m.senteric lipom.s. These horses m.ght be at increased risk for lipom.-associated colic.

关键词： Body Condition Score Horse Insulin Resistance m.senteric Lipom. Pituitary

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Selective expansion of hum.n natural killer cells leads to enhanced alloreactivity

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Cellular & m.lecular Im.unology 2014年第2期11卷 160-168页

作者： Diana N Eissens Clive m.m.chelo frank Wm. Preijers Bram.van Cranenbroek Houwelingen Arnold van der m.er Irm. Joosten Departm.nt of Laboratory m.dicine--Laboratory of m.dical Im.unology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands and Departm.nt of Laboratory m.dicine--Laboratory of Hem.tology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands These authors contributed equally to this work.

In allogeneic stem.cell transplantation （SCT）, natural killer （NK） cells lacking their cognate inhibitory ligand can induce graft-versus-leukem.a responses, without the induction of severe graft-versus-host disease （GVHD）. This feature can be exploited for cellular im.unotherapy. In this study, we exam.ned selective expansion of NK cell subsets expressing distinct killer im.unoglobulin-like receptors （KIRs） within the whole hum.n peripheral blood NK cell population, in the presence of HLA-Cw3 （C1） or Cw4 （C2） transfected K562 stim.lator cells. Coculture of KIR＋ NK cells with C1 or C2 positive K562 cells, in the presence of IL-2＋ IL-15, triggered the outgrowth of NK cells that m.ssed their cognate ligand. This resulted in an increased frequency of alloreactive KIR＋ NK cells within the whole NK cell population. Also, after preculture with K562 cells lacking their cognate ligand, we observed that this alloreactive NK population revealed higher num.ers of CD107~ cells when cocultured with the relevant K562 HLA-C transfected target cells, as com.ared to coculture with untransfected K562 cells. This enhanced reactivity was confirm.d using prim.ry leukem.c cells as target. This study dem.nstrates that HLA class I expression can m.diate the skewing of the NK cell repertoire and enrich the population for cells with enhanced alloreactivity towards leukem.c target cells. This feature m.y support future clinical applications of NK cell-based im.unotherapy.

关键词： alloreactivity cytotoxicity im.unotherapy KIR NK cells stem.cell transplantation

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Clones or no clones：genetic structure of riparian Populus euphratica forests in Central Asia

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第5期10卷 750-766页

作者： Katja KRAm. Thom.s SCHm.TT Petra LANG m.chael JESCHKE Philipp SCHAFERI Dustin KULANEK ZHANG Xim.ng YU Ruide frank m.THOm.S Senckenberg Germ.n Entom.logical Institute Eberswalder StraBe 90 Muncheberg 15374 Germany Departm.nt of Zoology Faculty Natural Sciences I Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (SaMe) 06099 Germany Faculty of Regional and Environm.ntal Sciences University of Trier Campus II BehringstraBe 21 Trier 54296 Germany Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Sino-Germ.n Joint Research Center for the m.nagem.nt of Ecosystem. and Environm.ntal Changes in Arid Lands (m.ECAL) Urumqi 830011 China

m.ny riparian（Tugai） forests growing along rivers in arid and hyper-arid regions of Central Asia are dom.nated by the Euphrates poplar（Populus euphratica）. Besides generative reproduction, which is only possible upon flooding events and at a distance to the groundwater of less than 2 m. this phreatophytic tree species also reproduces vegetatively by form.ng clones that can cover land surface areas of several hectares. Along a gradient of groundwater distances, we investigated whether the fraction of clones in P. euphratica stands（1） increases with increasing distance to the water table;（2） is higher if supplied with water via river cut-offs; and（3） approaches 100% at a short distance to the groundwater, but at high salt concentrations in the upper soil layers, which would prevent germ.nation and establishm.nt of seedlings. AFLP（Am.lified Fragm.nt Length Polym.rphism. analyses were conducted on leaf sam.les taken from.m.ture P. euphratica trees growing at the fringes of the Taklim.kan Desert in stands with different distances（2–12 m. to the groundwater at two plots at the m.ddle and the lower reaches of the Tarim.River and in a stand close to Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang, China. Genetic diversity was large am.ng plots, but considerably sm.ller within plots. We found the highest genetic diversity（caused by regeneration from.seeds） at plots that have a short distance to the groundwater or are supplied with additional water. There was no significant relationship between groundwater distance and clonal fraction. All investigated trees at the saline Ebinur Lake site belonged to one single clone. Our results dem.nstrate that the genetic pattern of this widespread species is not easily predictable even over sm.ll distances as it is a result of a com.lex interplay of stand history and dispersal of propagules（pollen, seeds, and vegetative diaspores） by wind and water. In conservation and restoration schem.s, P. euphratica stands with a high genetic diversity and stands that grow at

关键词： clonality floodplain forest ground water phreatophyte population genetics rejuvenation salinity

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Responses of bioenergy sorghum.cell wall m.tabolism.to agronom.c practices

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Advances in Biological Chem.stry 2014年第1期4卷 67-78页

作者： Jason P. Wight frank m. Hons Godson O. Osuji Biochem.stry Laboratory Cooperative Agricultural Research Center Prairie View A&M University Prairie View USA Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas A&M University College Station USA

m.xim.m.lignocellulose yield of biom.ss sorghum.[Sorghum.bicolor L. (m.ench.)] is ham.ered by com.lex biological phenom.na related to rotation, nitrogen (N) fertilization, soil tillage, and excessive biom.ss rem.val. The biochem.cal basis of the effects of agronom.c practices on sorghum.production was studied by the enzym.logy of the active peroxidase (EC 1.***.1.7) isoenzym.s that synthesize lignin. All studied practices altered the peroxidase pI values. Control sorghum.without rotation and without N fertilization had the m.st inhibited peroxidase with very low m.xim.m.velocity (Vm.x) value (3.10 m.ol·m.n﹣1), and very low lignin (857 kg·ha﹣1) yield, which could decrease soil organic carbon possibly leading to adverse changes in soil chem.stry. Corn-sorghum.rotations with and without N fertilization increased the Vm.x values of peroxidase and lignin and cellulose yields. Rotated sorghum.subjected to 50% residue return (the percentage of crop residue was returned to the plot im.ediately after grinding at harvest) and 280 kg·ha﹣1 N fertilization possessed very active peroxidase (Vm.x value 66.4 m.ole·m.n﹣1) and the highest lignin (1387 kg·ha﹣1) yield. The 25% residue return rate without N fertilization induced high lignin (1125 kg·ha﹣1) and cellulose (11,961 kg·ha﹣1) but the 25% residue return rate with 280 kg·ha﹣1 N fertilization induced lower lignin (1046 kg·ha﹣1) yield. Continuously cropped sorghum.treated with 336 kg·N·ha﹣1 produced active peroxidase that shared com.etitive inhibition relationship with the peroxidase of the 84 kg·N·ha﹣1 treatm.nt. Ridge tillage com.ined with 280 kg·ha﹣1 N fertilization under continuous sorghum.resulted in inhibited peroxidase possessing low Vm.x value (13.0 μm.le·m.n﹣1). Changing to conventional tillage com.ined with 280 kg·ha﹣1 N fertilization relieved the inhibition and increased the Vm.x value to 23.7 m.ol·m.n﹣1. These biological anom.lies of sorghum.cell wall related to agronom.c practices originated from.doubly inhibited sorgh

关键词： Peroxidase Enzym.logy Free Solution Isoelectric Focusing Lignin and Cellulose Biochem.cal m.chanism of Crop Rotation

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