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Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Short-Term Risk Estimate among Civilian Licensed Aircrew

World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2019年第2期9卷 92-108页

作者： Nathan b.buila Jean-Marc b.bantu Gilbert K.Kabanda Pascal M.bayauli Aliocha N.Nkodila francois b.lepira Symphorien M.Ditu Jean-Rene M’buyamba-Kabangu Division of Cardiology and Hypertension Kinshasa School of MedicineUniversity of KinshasaKinshasaDR Congo Civil Aviation Authority KinshasaDR Congo Departments of Cardiology Chirec ClinicsBrusselsBelgium Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Kinshasa School of MedicineUniversity of KinshasaKinshasaDR Congo Centre Médical Cite des Aveugles KinshasaDR Congo Division of Nephrology Kinshasa School of MedicineUniversity of KinshasaKinshasaDR Congo

background: Flight and cabin crew are known to be at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, ASCVD risks have not yet been compared in flight and cabin crew in low resource settings like sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives: To assess absolute ASCVD risk estimate and its clinical correlates among flight and cabin crew. Methods: From June 1st 2015 to December 30th 2015, 379 consecutive aviation navigants (Flight crew: 62.5%, pilots: 46.2%, women: 29.6%, Caucasians 23.2%) were enrolled in a cross-sectional survey of ASCVD risk estimate using the Framingham tools. They underwent a physical examination for either initial or renewal medical certificate Class 1 or 2 including blood chemistry, ECG, and echocardiogram as per International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and Civil Aviation Authority (CAA-DRC) medical regulations. We modeled the risk of moderate and high ASCVD estimate in a stepwise logistic regression. Results: Low, moderate and high ASCVD risk estimates were observed respectively in 248 (65.4%), 64 (16.9%), and 67 (17.7%) navigants. Moderate and high ASCVD risk estimates predominated among flight than cabin crew (23.6% vs. 5.6%;p 0.0001 and 28.3% vs. null;p 0.001), low ASCVD risk estimate among cabin than flight crew (94.4% vs. 48.1%;p ≤ 0.001). Low ASCVD risk?estimates.

关键词： Cardiovascular Risk Aircrew Frequency Clinical Correlates

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Prognostic Signification of Admission Hyperglycemia among Acute Stroke Patients in Intensive Care Units in Kinshasa,the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2019年第9期9卷 665-680页

作者： Josée K.Tshituta francois b.lepira francois P.Kajingulu Jean Robert R.Makulo Ernest K.Sumaili Pierre Z.Akilimali Aliocha N.Nkodila Freddy M.Mbuyi Angele I.Masewu Stephane Mutombo Eric b.Amisi Jean Pierre M.Ilunga Wilfrid b.Mbombo Patrick M.Mukuna Adolphe M.Kilembe Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation University of Kinshasa HospitalKinshasaThe Democratic Republic of the Congo Division of Nephrology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kinshasa HospitalKinshasaThe Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Epidemiology&biostatistics Kinshasa School of Public HealthUniversity of Kinshasa School of MedicineKinshasaThe Democratic Republic of the Congo Centre medical cite des Aveugles KinshasaThe Democratic Republic of the Congo

bACKGROUND AND AIM: Although admission hyperglycemia has been reported to be associated with unfavorable outcomes in acute stroke, little is known about this association in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the prognostic significance of admission hyperglycemia in the acute phase of stroke in Congolese patients. METHODS: In a multicenter prospective cohort study, consecutive patients with acute stroke were examined in 5 Emergency Rooms or Intensive Care Units of Kinshasa between July 15th, 2017 and March 15th, 2018. The severity of stroke was assessed at admission using the Glasgow Coma Scale. Stress hyperglycemia was defined as random blood glucose levels at admission > 140 mg/dL in patients without known type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The endpoint was 10-day all-cause in-hospital mortality. Survival (time-to-death) curves were built using the Kaplan Meier methods. Cox proportional analysis was used to identify predictors of 10-day all-cause in-hospital mortality. The predictive performance of blood glucose level to predict 10-day all-cause in-hospital mortality was assessed using ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: Out of 194 patients (mean age 58.7 ± 13.1 years;64% males, 74.7% light to moderate stroke severity;63.4% ischemic stroke) enrolled, 106 (54.6%) had admission hyperglycemia with 77 (72.6%) having stress hyperglycemia. Ninety four deaths (48.5%);mortality rate of 6 deaths per 100 person-days (95%CI 2.7 - 9.3) occurred during a median follow up time 6 (5 - 7) days equivalent to 1542 person-days. Independent predictors of 10-day all-cause in-hospital mortality were admission hyperglycemia regardless of diabetes status (aHR 3.77;95%CI 1.92 - 7.42;p blood glucose concentrations (AUC 0.743;95%CI 0.672 - 0.814) had a better predictive performance for 10-day all-cause in-hospital mortality with an optimal value of 154 m

关键词： Admission Hyperglycemia Stroke Prognostic Significance black Africans

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From Control Theory to Gravitational Waves

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第2期14卷 49-100页

作者： Jean-francois Pommaret CERMICS Ecole des Ponts Paris Tech Paris France

When D:ξ→η is a linear ordinary differential (OD) or partial differential (PD) operator, a “direct problem” is to find the generating compatibility conditions (CC) in the form of an operator Db>1:b>η→ξ such that Dξ = η implies Db>1b>η = 0. When D is involutive, the procedure provides successive first-order involutive operators Db>1b>,...,Db>n b>when the ground manifold has dimension n. Conversely, when Db>1b> is given, a much more difficult “inverse problem” is to look for an operator D:ξ→η having the generating CC Db>1b>η = 0. If this is possible, that is when the differential module defined by Db>1b> is “torsion-free”, that is when there does not exist any observable quantity which is a sum of derivatives of η that could be a solution of an autonomous OD or PD equation for itself, one shall say that the operator Db>1b> is parametrized by D. The parametrization is said to be “minimum” if the differential module defined by D does not contain a free differential submodule. The systematic use of the adjoint of a differential operator provides a constructive test with five steps using double differential duality. We prove and illustrate through many explicit examples the fact that a control system is controllable if and only if it can be parametrized. Accordingly, the controllability of any OD or PD control system is a “built in” property not depending on the choice of the input and output variables among the system variables. In the OD case and when Db>1b> is formally surjective, controllability just amounts to the formal injectivity of ad(Db>1b>), even in the variable coefficients case, a result still not acknowledged by the control community. Among other applications, the parametrization of the Cauchy stress operator in arbitrary dimension n has attracted many famous scientists (G. b. Airy in 1863 for n = 2, J. C. Maxwell in 1870, E. beltrami in 1892 for n = 3, and A. Einstein in 1915 for n = 4).

关键词： Differential Operator Differential Sequence Killing Operator Riemann Operator bianchi Operator Cauchy Operator Control Theory Controllability Elasticity General Relativity

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Implementation of a choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide aqueous electrolyte for low temperature EDLCs enabled by a cosolvent

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第7期31卷 84-94,I0004页

作者： Zhuanpei Wang francois béguin Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry Poznan University of TechnologyBerdychowo 460-965 PoznanPoland

We report a carbon/carbon capacitor based on micro/mesoporous carbon electrodes with cost-effective and eco-friendly aqueous choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide(Ch TFSI)electrolyte with a cosolvent enabling low-temperature operation down to-30℃.For this purpose,a Mg O-templated hierarchical carbon(MP98b)with an average mesopore diameter of 3.5 nm was prepared by pyrolysis of magnesium citrate hydrate at 900℃.To reach lower temperatures,the melting point and viscosity of the aqueous electrolyte were reduced by mixing water(W)with an organic solvent(methanol,M,or isopropanol,I)of high dielectric constant and low viscosity.5 mol kg^(-1)(5 m)Ch TFSI in an optimized volume fraction of cosolvent,M_(0.75)W_(0.25),and I_(0.75)W_(0.25),showed the highest conductivity;the higher conductivity in M_(0.75)W_(0.25)(22.8 and 3.1 m S cm^(-1) at 20 and-30℃,respectively)than in I_(0.75)W_(0.25)(8.5 and0.5 m S cm^(-1)at 20 and-30℃,respectively)is attributed to the lower viscosity of the M_(0.75)W_(0.25)*** electrochemical stability window(ESW)of 5 m Ch TFSI in M_(0.75)W_(0.25)and I_(0.75)W_(0.25)(1.6 V)on an MP98b electrode was determined by applying the ***,by adjusting the mass ratio of the two electrodes,a MP98b/MP98b capacitor using the 5 m electrolyte in M_(0.75)W_(0.25)could operate with a good life span up to 1.6 V while exhibiting a better charge propagation,greater specific capacitance,and higher specific energy than in I_(0.75)W_(0.25).

关键词： Carbon/carbon capacitor Choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Low-temperature Aqueous electrolyte Cosolvent electrolyte Methanol Isopropanol

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Factors Associated with Mortality among Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis MDR/RR-Tb Patients in Democratic Republic of Congo

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2017年第4期5卷 276-291页

作者： Murhula Innocent Kashongwe Leopoldine Mbulula Pierre Umba francois bompeka lepira Michel Kaswa Zacharie Munogolo Kashongwe Lung disease Unit Department of Internal medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Hospital University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Centre d’excellence Damien (CEDA) Action Damien DR Congo Nephrology Unit Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Hospital University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo National Tuberculosis Program of DR Congo (NTP) DR Congo

background: Tuberculosis remains a very common infectious disease in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The resistance to drugs worsens the prognosis and the outcome of patients affected tuberculosis and increase their mortality. Objective: To identify factors associated with death among Multidrugs resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR Tb) patients referred to the referential hospital, Centre d’Excellence Damien (CEDA). Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients attending health care to the Center CEDA, a referral center for management of MDR/RR-Tb in DR Congo. This study included all MDR/RR-Tb patients referred from February 1st, 2015 to February 29th, 2017. A multivariate COX regression was performed to identify factors associated with mortality in the target population. Kaplan Meier method described the survival of patients and the comparison of curves was performed by the test of log Rank. Results: 199 patients were included in our study. Male gender was predominant with a sex ratio of 1.3. The mean age of patients was 35.8 ± 13.9 years. Among them, 18 (15.1%) were died. The major complications were Chronicles pulmonary Heart failure (p = 0.035), Chronic respiratory insufficiency (p = 0.004), depression (p = 0.044), undernutrition (p = 0.033), alcohol addiction (p = 0.006) and high smoking (p = 0.019). In multivariated analysis, factors associated to the death were alcohol addiction (HRa = 12.64, 95% CI 2.36 - 14.55, p = 0.003), asthenia (HRa = 4.75, 95% CI 1.56 - 14.50, p bnormalities such as signs of pulmonary fibrosis (HR = 4.7, 95% CI 2.78 - 28.94, p = 0.002) and the Chronic respiratory insufficiency (HRa = 3.77, 95% CI 1.37 - 10.43, p = 0.010). Conclusion: The present retrospective cohort study revealed that structural and functional pulmonary alteration emerged as the main factors associated with mortality among MDR/RR Tb patients in Kinshasa. Na

关键词： MDR/RR-Tb Mortality Kinshasa Factors

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Low Detection Rate of Multidrug-Resistant and Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Trend Analysis 2013-2017

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第4期7卷 212-219页

作者： Innocent Kashongwe Murhula Fina Mawete Lay Ofali Michel Kaswa francois lepira bompeka Jean Marie Kayembe Ntumba Zacharie Kashongwe Munogolo School of Medicine Kinshasa University Hospital Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo National Tuberculosis Program Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

The Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the countries with a high preva-lence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-Tb) in Africa and worldwide. This study aims to describe the trends and level of screening since 2013. This is a retrospective descriptive study based on quarterly reports from the provinces. The number of cases, past histories, age, sex and HIV Co-infection was identi-fied. It emerges that the number of cases increases significantly but does not reach the forecasts yet (912 cases of MDR/RR and XDR diagnosed in 2017 out of 3948 cases expected with a gap of 77%). Patients with a history of Tb pre-dominate (63.5% in 2017);but the proportion of patients with no history of Tb increases (36.5% in 2017). This suggests high rates among contacts. Women (37.8%) and children under 15 (2.7%) are less represented. Tb/HIV Co-infection is 12% as for sensitive cases. Efforts still need to be made to improve screening.

关键词： MDR-RR Tb Trends Screening DRC

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Quantitative morphometric analysis of the Jama River profile in a tectonically active margin (Northwestern Ecuador)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第5期15卷 966-975页

作者： Pedro S.b. REYES Mauricio E. VALAREZO Jenry CORDOVA francois A. MICHAUD Camilo ZAPATA Department of Geology Escuela Politécnica Nacional Ladrón de Gueuara E11-253 PO.Box 17-01-2759 Quito Ecuador C-eostrat S.A. Jorge Drom N39-188y Gaspar de Villaroel Quito Ecuador Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Escuela Politécnica National Ladrón de Guevara E11-253 PO.Box17-ol-2759 Quito Ecuador Sorbonne Université Université Cote d'Azur IRD CNRS Observatoire de la Cdte d'Azur C-eoazur 250 rue A. EinsteinSophia Antipolis 06560 Valbonne France

The longitudinal profile of a river channel can be described in function of mathematical expressions. The logarithmic fit is the most used method to describe the relative equilibrium of a channel elevation profile. Rivers showing zones of high channel gradient and convex-upward profiles can be evaluated in function of the offset distance with respect to the logarithmic curve. The Jama River profile has been constructed using differential GPS data for the downstream reach and 4-m-grid DEM data base for the remaining headward profile. The resulting longitudinal profile shows a prominent knickpoint of about 80 m in elevation characterized by sharp local convexity. The offset distance in vertical direction from the logarithmic plot is interpreted as the successive accumulation of multiple uplift episodes associated with the Jama Fault System activity. The horizontal offset is suggested to represent the remaining retreated distance for the upstream propagation of the Jama knickpoint. The highly resistant Cretaceous rocks outcropping along the Jama knickpoint reach acts as an inflection point between two subprofiles that show well-fitted logarithmic curves, thereby representing a temporary partitioned equilibrium along the Jama River profile.

关键词： Morphometry Jama River Stream profile Active tectonics

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Implementing a Short Regimen for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cohort Study 2014-2017

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2020年第3期8卷 111-126页

作者： Innocent Murhula Kashongwe Leopoldine Mbulula Fina Mawete Nicole Anshambi Nadine Maingowa Michel Kaswa Jean Marie Ntumba Kayembe francois bompeka lepira Zacharie Munogolo Kashongwe Pulmonology Unit Internal Medicine Kinshasa University Hospital Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Unit “Centre Excellence Damien” Damian Foundation Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo National Tuberculosis Program of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Provincial Coordination for Tuberculosis Control Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Setting: Kinshasa, capital of Democratic Republic of Congo, has the high rate of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-Tb) which is associated with poor treatment outcomes until 2013. A new approach was needed. Objectives: To implement a new strategy in order to improve treatment outcomes. Design: A retrospective cohort study reviewing all the patients diagnosed MDR Tuberculosis between 2014 and 2017. The study was conducted in the National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) framework comparing the short regimen and the WHO standard regimen. Results: From 1246 patients diagnosed RR/Tb, 1073 were included in the analysis: 948 on shorter regimen, and 125 on WHO standard regimen. The strategy was based on patient-centered care. In the short regimen group, 62.7% were male, 61.4% were age 25 - 44 years, 52.6% had previous history of Tb, 39.3% underweight, 12.5% HIV positive. The median time from diagnosis to treatment was 19 days (0 - 163). In the long regimen group, 75% were male, 37.6% were age 14 - 44 years, 61.6% underweight, 18.4% HIV positive. The median time from diagnosis to treatment was 19 days (0 - 114). Favorable outcomes represented 81.9% in the short regimen group versus 72% in the long regimen group. Death and loss to follow-up were more observed in long regimen group (27.2% versus 15.4%). Factors associated with unfavorable outcomes in the short regimen group included sex, age ≥ 45 years, previous Tb history, HIV status, delay to begin treatment. For the long regimen, the factors age and delay emerged, underweight and HIV were borderline. Drug adverse events were reported respectively in 43.5% and 42.4% for short and long regimen;with gastrointestinal disturbances, vestibular troubles, ototoxicity, arthralgia and anemia as the most common in the 2 groups. Conclusion: The new approach improved favorable outcomes. both short and long regimens reached a high level of favorable outcome compared to the previous study. The short regim

关键词： MDR-Tb Short Regimen Patient Centered Card

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An Immersed Method based on Cut-Cells for the Simulation of 2D Incompressible Fluid Flows Past Solid Structures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第4期119卷 165-184页

作者： francois bouchon Thierry Dubois Nicolas James Université Clermont Auvergne CNRSLMBPF-63000 CLERMONT-FERRANDFrance Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications UMR 7348 Universitéde PoitiersTéléport 2-B.P.30179Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil CedexFrance

We present a cut-cell method for the simulation of 2D incompressible flows past *** consists in using the MAC scheme on cartesian grids and imposing Dirchlet boundary conditions for the velocity field on the boundary of solid structures following the Shortley-Weller *** order to ensure local conservation properties,viscous and convecting terms are discretized in a finite volume *** scheme is second order implicit in time for the linear part,the linear systems are solved by the use of the capacitance matrix method for non-moving *** results of flows around an impulsively started circular cylinder are presented which confirm the efficiency of the method,for Reynolds numbers 1000 and *** example of flows around a moving rigid body at Reynolds number 800 is also shown,a solver using the PETSc-Library has been prefered in this context to solve the linear systems.

关键词： Immersed boundary methods cutt-cell methods incompressible viscous flows

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Investigation of bright and dark solitons in α,β-Fermi Pasta Ulam lattice

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Chinese Physics b 2021年第2期30卷 211-219页

作者： Nkeh Oma Nfor Serge bruno Yamgoué francois Marie Moukam Kakmeni Department of Physics Higher Teacher Training College BambiliThe University of BamendaP.O.Box 39Bambili-Cameroon Complex Systems and Theoretical biology Group Laboratory of Research on Advanced Materials and Nonlinear Science(LaRAMaNS)Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaP.O.Box 63 Buea-Cameroon

We consider the Hamiltonian ofα,β-Fermi Pasta Ulam lattice and explore the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism to obtain the discrete equation of *** using the continuum limit approximations and incorporating some normalized parameters,the extended Korteweg-de Vries equation is obtained,with solutions that elucidate on the Fermi Pasta Ulam *** further derive the nonlinear Schrodinger amplitude equation from the extended Korteweg-de Vries equation,by exploring the reductive perturbative *** dispersion and nonlinear coefficients of this amplitude equation are functions of theαandβparameters,with theβparameter playing a crucial role in the modulational instability analysis of the ***βgreater than or equal to zero,no modulational instability is observed and only dark solitons are identified in the *** forβless than zero,bright solitons are traced in the lattice for some large values of the *** of numerical simulations of both the Korteweg-de Vries and nonlinear Schr¨odinger amplitude equations with periodic boundary conditions clearly show that the bright solitons conserve their amplitude and shape after collisions.

关键词： Fermi Pasta Ulam paradox bright dark

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