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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第24期22卷 5505-5511页

作者： franco Scaldaferri Viviana Gerardi Francesca Mangiola Loris Riccardo Lopetuso Marco Pizzoferrato Valentina Petito Alfredo Papa Jovana Stojanovic Andrea Poscia giovanni Cammarota Antonio Gasbarrini Polo Apparato digerente e sistema Endocrino Metabolico Gastroenterology Division Catholic University of Sacred Hearth Institute of Hygiene Catholic University of Sacred Hearth

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, whose etiology is still unclear. Its pathogenesis involves an interaction between genetic factors, immune response and the “forgotten organ”, Gut Microbiota. Several studies have been conducted to assess the role of antibiotics and probiotics as additional or alternative therapies for Ulcerative Colitis. Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN) is a nonpathogenic Gram-negative strain isolated in 1917 by Alfred Nissle and it is the active component of microbial drug Mutaflor® (Ardeypharm GmbH, Herdecke, Germany and EcN, Cadigroup, In Italy) used in many gastrointestinal disorder including diarrhea, uncomplicated diverticular disease and UC. It is the only probiotic recommended in ECCO guidelines as effective alternative to mesalazine in maintenance of remission in UC patients. In this review we propose an update on the role of EcN 1917 in maintenance of remission in UC patients, including data about efficacy and safety. Further studies may be helpful for this subject to further the full use of potential of EcN.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Escherichia coli Nissle Metanalysis Probiotic Randomized trial Inflammatory bowel disease

A Bioinspired Robot Growing like Plant Roots

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第5期20卷 2044-2058页

作者： giovanni Bianchi Aldo Agoni Simone Cinquemani Department of Mechanics Politecnico di MilanoVia La Masa 1Milano20156LombardiaItaly

Plants are usually considered static organisms,but they can perform a wide range of movements that can be a source of inspiration for *** roots’growing motion is the most noteworthy since they are excellent diggers that can move in unstructured environments and navigate past ***,root growth has a high energy efficiency since it penetrates the soil at its tip,adding new material without displacing the already grown portion,minimizing the energy dissipation due to friction and lowering the inertia.A robot inspired by the growth of roots could be used in search and rescue or environmental *** design of a soft robot inspired by root growth is presented in this *** robot body consists of a cylindrical plastic membrane folded inside *** robot body is inflated,and its tip is everted,expanding its length as air is blown from the *** straps are placed on the membrane’s exterior surface to keep it *** head is positioned inside the tip,which houses the mechanism that controls the growth *** consists of housing for two balloons that are selectively inflated,and their expansion applies pressure on the exterior surface,opening the Velcro straps and determining the growth *** robot was constructed,and a kinematic model of its motion in the plane was created and compared with experimental *** error in predicting the turning angle is only 5%,and the resulting predicted position differs on average by 55 mm on a total length of 850 mm.

关键词： Soft robot Pneumatic actuation Bioinspired robot Growing robot Plant root

A statistical reappraisal of the relationship between liquid limit and specific surface area, cation exchange capacity and activity of clays

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第4期11卷 874-881页

作者： giovanni Spagnoli Satoru Shimobe BASF Construction Solutions GmbH Dr.-Albert-Frank-StraBe 3283308Germany College of Science and Technology Nihon UniversityFunabashi274-8501Japan

More than 500 datasets from the literature have been used to evaluate the relationships of specific surface area (SSA),cation exchange capacity (CEC) and activity versus the liquid limit (LL).The correlations gave R^2 values ranging between 0.71 and *** data were also used to validate the *** SSA values slightly overestimate the measured SSA up to 100 m^2/*** the estimated CEC values,they overestimated the measured CEC values up to 20 meq/(100 g).A probabilistic approach was performed for the correlations of SSA,CEC and activity versus *** analysis shows that the relations of SSA,CEC and activity with LL are *** the LL values,it is possible to assess other basic engineering properties of clays.

关键词： Liquid limit(LL) Specific surface area(SSA) Cation exchange capacity(CEC) Activity statistical analysis

Have guidelines addressing physical activity been established in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第46期18卷 6790-6800页

作者： Carmine Finelli giovanni Tarantino Center of Obesity and Eating Disorder Stella Maris Mediterraneum Foundation Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Federico Ⅱ University Medical School of Naples

The purpose of this review was to highlight, in relation to the currently accepted pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the known exercise habits of patients with NAFLD and to detail the benefits of lifestyle modification with exercise (and/or physical activity) on parameters of metabolic syndrome. More rigorous, controlled studies of longer duration and defined histopathological end-points comparing exercise alone and other treatment are needed before better, evidence-based physical activity modification guidelines can be established, since several questions remain unanswered.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Physical activity Diet

Confocal laser endomicroscopy in the “in vivo” histological diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第46期15卷 5770-5775页

作者： giovanni D De Palma Department of Surgery and Advanced Technologies Center of Excellence for Technical Innovation in SurgeryUniversity of Naples Federico ⅡSchool of Medicine

Recent technological advances in miniaturization have allowed for a confocal scanning microscope to be integrated into a conventional flexible endoscope,or into trans-endoscopic probes,a technique now known as confocal endomicroscopy or confocal laser *** newly-developed technology has enabled endoscopists to collect real-time in vivo histological images or "virtual biopsies" of the gastrointestinal mucosa during endoscopy,and has stimulated significant interest in the application of this technique in clinical *** review aims to evaluate the current data on the technical aspects and the utility of this new technology in clinical gastroenterology and its potential impact in the future,particularly in the screening or surveillance of gastrointestinal neoplasia.

关键词： Confocal microscopy Diagnostic imaging Gastrointestinal neoplasms Precancerous conditions Endoscopy Virtual histology

Crucial steps in the natural history of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第29期18卷 3790-3799页

作者： giovanni Latella Claudio Papi Gastroenterology Unit Department of Internal Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of L'Aquila67100 L'AquilaItaly Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit S.Filippo Neri Hospital00135 RomeItaly

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),including ulcerative colitis(UC) and Crohn's disease(CD),are chronic,progressive and disabling *** the last few decades,new therapeutic approaches have been introduced which have led not only to a reduction in the mortality rate but also offered the possibility of a favorable modification in the natural history of *** identification of clinical,genetic and serological prognostic factors has permitted a better stratification of the disease,thus allowing the opportunity to indicate the most appropriate *** treatment with immunosuppressive drugs and biologics has offered the opportunity to change,at least in the short term,the course of the disease by reducing,in a subset of patients with IBD,hospitalization and the need for *** this review,the crucial steps in the natural history of both UC and CD will be discussed,as well as the factors that may change their clinical *** methodological requirements for high quality studies on the course and prognosis of IBD,the true impact of environmental and dietary factors on the clinical course of IBD,the clinical,serological and genetic predictors of the IBD course(in particular,which of these are rel-evant and appropriate for use in clinical practice),the impact of the various forms of medical treatment on the IBD complication rate,the role of surgery for IBD in the biologic era,the true magnitude of risk of colorectal cancer associated with IBD,as well as the mortality rate related to IBD will be stressed;all topics that are extensively discussed in separate reviews included in this issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Natural history Clinical course Complications Therapy Surgery Mortality

Management strategies of Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第43期18卷 6216-6225页

作者： giovanni D De Palma Department of General Geriatric Oncologic Surgery and Advanced Technologies Center of Excellence for Technical Innovation in Surgery University of Naples Federico II 80131 Naples Italy

Barrett's esophagus is a condition resulting from chronic gastro-esophageal reflux disease with a documented risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Current strategies for improved survival in patients with Barrett's adenocarcinoma focus on detection of dysplasia. This can be obtained by screening programs in high-risk cohorts of patients and/or endoscopic biopsy surveillance of patients with known Barrett's esophagus (BE). Several therapies have been developed in attempts to reverse BE and reduce cancer risk. Aggressive medical management of acid reflux, lifestyle modifications, antireflux surgery, and endoscopic treatments have been recommended for many patients with BE. Whether these interventions are cost-effective or reduce mortality from esophageal cancer remains controversial. Current treatment requires combinations of endoscopic mucosal resection techniques to eliminate visible lesions followed by ablation of residual metaplastic tissue. Esophagectomy is currently indicated in multifocal high-grade neoplasia or mucosal Barrett's carcinoma which cannot be managed by endoscopic approach.

关键词： Barrett’s esophagus Diagnosis Management strategies Esophagectomy Esophageal adenocarcinoma

JNKs,insulin resistance and inflammation:A possible link between NAFLD and coronary artery disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第33期17卷 3785-3794页

作者： giovanni Tarantino Armando Caputi Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine FedericoⅡUniversity Medical School of NaplesVia Sergio Pansini580131 NaplesItaly Department of Clinical Medicine Cardiovascular&Immunological SciencesFederico Ⅱ University Medical School of NaplesVia Sergio Pansini580131 NaplesItaly

The incidence of obesity has dramatically increased in recent ***,obesity and associated disorders such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease constitute a serious ***,the contribution of adipose tissue to metabolic homeostasis has become a focus of *** this review,we discuss the latest discoveries that support the role of lipids in nonalcoholic fatty liver *** describe the common mechanisms(cJun aminoterminal kinases,endoplasmic reticulum stress,unfolded protein response,ceramide,lowgrade chronic inflammation)by which lipids and their derivatives impair insulin responsiveness and contribute to inflammatory liver and promote plaque instability in the arterial *** the molecular mechanism of lipid activation of proinflammatory pathways,we attempt to find a link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular *** the common mechanisms by which lipid derivatives,through modulation of macrophage function,promote plaque instability in the arterial wall,impair insulin responsiveness and contribute to inflammatory liver and discussing the molecular mechanism of lipid activation of proinflammatory pathways,the key roles played by the proliferatoractivated receptor and liver X receptorα,nuclear receptorslipid sensors that link lipid metabolism and inflammation,should be *** studies are warranted of antiinflammatory drugs such as aspirin,antiinterleukin6 receptors,immunemodulators(calcineurin inhibitors),substances enhancing the expression of heat shock proteins(which protect cells from endoplasmic reticulum stressinduced apoptosis),and anticJun aminoterminal kinases in welldesigned trials to try to minimize the high impact of these illnesses,and the different expressions of the diseases,on the whole population.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease cJun aminoterminal kinase Cardiovascular disease

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields stimulation modulates autoimmunity and immune responses：a possible immuno-modulatory therapeutic effect in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第12期11卷 1888-1895页

作者： Fabio Guerriero giovanni Ricevuti Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy Section of Geriatrics University of Pavia Pavia Italy Azienda di Servizi alia Persona Istituto di Cura Santa Margherita of Pavia Pavia Italy

Increasing evidence shows that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields（ELF-EMFs） stimulation is able to exert a certain action on autoimmunity and immune cells. In the past, the efficacy of pulsed ELFEMFs in alleviating the symptoms and the progression of multiple sclerosis has been supported through their action on neurotransmission and on the autoimmune mechanisms responsible for demyelination. Regarding the immune system, ELF-EMF exposure contributes to a general activation of macrophages, resulting in changes of autoimmunity and several immunological reactions, such as increased reactive oxygen species-formation, enhanced phagocytic activity and increased production of chemokines. Transcranial electromagnetic brain stimulation is a non-invasive novel technique used recently to treat different neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer＇s disease. Despite its proven value, the mechanisms through which EMF brain-stimulation exerts its beneficial action on neuronal function remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that its beneficial effects may be due to a neuroprotective effect on oxidative cell damage. On the basis of in vitro and clinical studies on brain activity, modulation by ELF-EMFs could possibly counteract the aberrant pro-inflammatory responses present in neurodegenerative disorders reducing their severity and their onset. The objective of this review is to provide a systematic overview of the published literature on EMFs and outline the most promising effects of ELF-EMFs in developing treatments of neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, we review data supporting the role of ELF-EMF in generating immune-modulatory responses, neuromodulation, and potential neuroprotective benefits. Nonetheless, we reckon that the underlying mechanisms of interaction between EMF and the immune system are still to be completely understood and need further studies at a molecular level.

关键词： electromagnetic fields Alzheimer's disease transcranial magnetic stimulation autoimmunity immunomodulation

Geofluids Hosted in the Deep Crust: From Systematics to Parametrization of their Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第S1期95卷 31-33页

作者： giovanni MARTINELLI INGV Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Department of PalermoPalermoItaly Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources ResearchInstitute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina

Earthquake is a sudden release of energy due to fault *** severity of the damages can be minimized by development of a culture of prevention which includes the Seismic Hazard Assessment,microzonation studies and appro... 详细信息

关键词： probabilistic seismic hazard assessment deterministic seismic hazard assessment helium isotopes geochemical prospection earthquake precursors