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Different maternal investment strategies for male and female calves in a polygynous mammal

Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 269-277页

作者： francisco CEACERO Martina KOMARKOVA Andres j.garcIA Laureano GALLEGO Department of Animal Science and Food Processing Faculty of Tropical AgriSciencesCzech University of Life Sciences Kamycka 12916500 Praha 6-Suchdol Czech Republic Department of Ethology Institute of Animal Science Pratelstvi 815 10401 Praha - Uhnneves Czech Republic Instituto de Investigacion en Recursos Cinegeticos (IREC) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha-Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM) Ronda de Toledo s/n 13071 Ciudad RealSpain Seccion de Recursos Cinegeticos y Ganaderos Instituto de Desarrollo Regional (IDR)02071 AlbaceteSpain Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia Agroforestal y Genetica ETSIAM Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha(UCLM)02071 AlbaceteSpain

Mater nal effects occur whe n the phe no type of the mother in flue nces that of the young to the detriment of her survival, growth or fitn ess. The in vestment of the mother can be affected by mater nal body condition and/or experience. Trivers-Willard Hypothesis (TWH) and Local Resource Competition Hypothesis (LRCH) are the main hypotheses used to explain bias in birth sex-ratios in mammals, as well as for sex-biased maternal investment. Both hypotheses suggest that a different amount of investment must be expected according to the sex of the young. However, recent studies suggest that these differences are not in quantity but in the strategies: mechanisms and objectives may differ for each sex. We studied how maternal characteristics (age, body mass, body condition, and domi nance status) influence re leva nt aspects of the birth and early growth of the calf (birth date, birth body mass, body mass at weaning, and body condition at weaning) separately for each sex;and how that investment is mediated by milk production and composition (lactose, fat, and protein). One hundred eighty-eight newborns from 75 captive red deer hinds aged from 2 to 19 years were analyzed. The main differential investment observed was related to birth date: when producing a female, hinds give birth earlier in the season only if they have a good body condition;however, when gestating a male it is the older hinds those which deliver earlier. Subsequently, milk production and composition are correlated with birth body mass in female calves, but to weaning body mass in males. Thus, only hind body mass affects the weaning body mass of female calves, compared with age and hind body mass in males. These results suggest that while TWH fits the maternal investment strategy found for male calves, it is LRCH which correlates with the maternal investment patterns observed for females.

关键词： birth date body condition local resources competition hypothesis milk production sex-ratio Trivers-Willard hypothesis

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GSTARS computer models and their applications, part I:theoretical development

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International journal of Sediment Research 2008年第3期23卷 197-211页

作者： Chih Ted YANG francisco j. M. SIMES Borland Prof. of Water Resources and Director of Hydroscience and Training Center Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1372 U. S. A. Research Hydrologist US Geological Survey Geomorphology and Sediment Transport Laboratory 4620 Technology Drive Suite 400 Golden CO 80403 U. S. A.

GSTARS is a series of computer models developed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation for alluvial river and reservoir sedimentation studies while the authors were employed by that agency. The first version of GSTARS was released in 1986 using Fortran IV for mainframe computers. GSTARS 2.0 was released in 1998 for personal computer application with most of the code in the original GSTARS revised, improved, and expanded using Fortran IV/77. GSTARS 2.1 is an improved and revised GSTARS 2.0 with graphical user interface. The unique features of all GSTARS models are the conjunctive use of the stream tube concept and of the minimum stream power theory. The application of minimum stream power theory allows the determination of optimum channel geometry with variable channel width and cross-sectional shape. The use of the stream tube concept enables the simulation of river hydraulics using one-dimensional numerical solutions to obtain a semi-two-dimensional presentation of the hydraulic conditions along and across an alluvial channel. According to the stream tube concept, no water or sediment particles can cross the walls of stream tubes, which is valid for many natural rivers. At and near sharp bends, however, sediment particles may cross the boundaries of stream tubes. GSTARS3, based on FORTRAN 90/95, addresses this phenomenon and further expands the capabilities of GSTARS 2.1 for cohesive and non-cohesive sediment transport in rivers and reservoirs. This paper presents the concepts, methods, and techniques used to develop the GSTARS series of computer models, especially GSTARS3.

关键词： Numerical modeling Sediment transport Backwater computations Stream tubes Stream power minimization

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Seasonal variation in native hydraulic conductivity between two deciduous oak species

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journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第1期13卷 78-86页

作者： Dilia Mota-Gutiérrez Guadalupe Arreola-González Rafael Aguilar-Romero Horacio Paz jeannine Cavender-Bares Ken Oyama Antonio Gonzalez-Rodriguez Fernando Pineda-garcía Facultad de Biología Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo.Edificio RCiudad UniversitariaGral.Francisco J.Múgica S/N A-1Felicitas de Río58030 MoreliaMichoacánMexico Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad MoreliaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México.Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701Ex-Hacienda de San Joséde La Huerta58190 MoreliaMichoacánMexico Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Campus MoreliaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México.Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701Ex-Hacienda de San Joséde La Huerta58190 MoreliaMichoacánMexico Deparment of Ecology Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA

Aims Mechanisms of plant drought resistance include both tolerance and *** vulnerability to embolism and turgor loss point are considered traits that confer tolerance,while leaf abscission and deciduousness characterizes the avoidance *** these mechanisms are thought to trade-off expressing a continuum among species,little is known on how variation in the timing and duration of leaf shedding in response to drought affect the relationship between xylem and leaf *** the present study,we explored the extent to which drought tolerance differs between two oak(Quercus)species that exhibit different leaf shedding ***,we predicted that *** Trel.,which loses leaves at the end of the dry season(late-deciduous)and is thus exposed to a greater risk of cavitation,would be more drought tolerant and more conservative in its water use than *** Liebm.,which loses its leaves for only a short period of time in the middle of the dry season(brevideciduous).Methods The study was conducted in central Mexico in a single population of each of the two oak species,separated from each other by a distance of 1.58 km,and by an altitudinal difference of 191 *** deserticola(late deciduous)is more frequent down slope,while ***(brevideciduous)tends to occur at higher elevations along the *** assessed seasonal differences(rainy versus dry season)in native stem hydraulic conductivity,and tested for variation in xylem vulnerability to cavitation,leaf water use and leaf turgor loss point between the two *** Findings The two oak species did not differ in traits conferring drought tolerance,including xylem vulnerability to embolism,leaf turgor loss point,or stomatal ***,both species had different performance during the dry season;the brevideciduous species had lower negative impact in the xylem function than the late-deciduous ***,seasonal changes in plant physiological performance

关键词： Quercus hydraulic conductivity embolisms leaf phenology

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Photosynthetic Regulation of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Thioredoxin System and Functional Analysis of TrxB （Trx x） and TrxQ （Trx y） Thioredoxins

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Molecular Plant 2009年第2期2卷 270-283页

作者： M. Esther Perez-Perez Eugenio Martin-Figueroa francisco j. Florencio Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC Avda Americo Vespucio 49 41092-Sevilla Spain

The expression of the genes encoding the ferredoxin-thioredoxin system including the ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase （FTR） genes ftrC and ftrV and the four different thioredoxin genes trxA （m-type; sir0623）, trxB （x-type; sir1139）, trxC （sll1057） and trxQ （y-type; sir0233） of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has been studied according to changes in the photosynthetic conditions. Experiments of light-dark transition indicate that the expression of all these genes except trxQ decreases in the dark in the absence of glucose in the growth medium. The use of two electron transport inhibitors, 3-（3,4-dichlorophenyl）-1,1-dimethylurea （DCMU） and 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p- benzoquinone （DBMIB）, reveals a differential effect on thioredoxin genes expression being trxC and trxQ almost unaffected, whereas trxA, trxB, and the ftr genes are down-regulated. In the presence of glucose, DCMU does not affect gene expression but DBMIB still does. Analysis of the single TrxB or TrxQ and the double TrxB TrxQ Synechocystis mutant strains reveal different functions for each of these thioredoxins under different growth conditions. Finally, a Synechocystis strain was generated containing a mutated version of TrxB （TrxBC34S）, which was used to identify the potential in-vivo targets of this thioredoxin by a proteomic analysis.

关键词： Cyanobacteria photosynthetic electron transport Synechocystis oxidative stress thioredoxin.

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In search for the “idyllic” animal model to evaluate ocular pathologies and translate new therapies to improve human health

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2697-2699页

作者： francisco M.Nadal-Nicolás Kiyoharu j.Miyagishima Wei Li Retinal Neurophysiology Section National Eye InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

The retina is a highly specialized neural tissue that encodes information of vision,a vital sensory modality for most *** the retina also contributes to other non‐image‐forming signals(*** of circadian clocks),vision chiefly enables animals to interpret and navigate their environment(despite the diverse variety of species and lifestyles;Baden et al.,2020)and also to interact with other ***,features such as high visual resolution and color discrimination are important for interactive behaviors like prey capture and also for social animals,including primates,that establish a dominance *** vertebrates,the laminar structure of the retina is notably *** photoreceptor layer(rods and cones)initiates the process of converting light energy into nerve impulses by absorbing photons and transferring the signals to interneurons.

关键词： laminar enable absorbing

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Fighting type 2 diabetes: Formulation strategies for peptide-based therapeutics

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第2期12卷 621-636页

作者： Carlos Bendicho-Lavilla Iria Seoane-Viano francisco j.OteroEspinar Asteria Luzardo-Alvarez Department of Pharmacology Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of Santiago de Compostela(USC)Santiago de Compostela 15782Spain Paraquasil Group Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela(IDIS)Santiago de Compostela 15706Spain Department of Pharmacology Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical TechnologySchool of SciencesCampus de LugoUniversity of Santiago de CompostelaLugo 27002Spain

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem with increasing prevalence at a global *** discovery of insulin in the early 1900 s represented a major breakthrough in diabetes management,with further milestones being subsequently achieved with the identification of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)and the introduction of GLP-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)in clinical ***,the subcutaneous delivery of biotherapeutics is a well-established route of administration generally preferred over the intravenous route due to better patient compliance and prolonged drug ***,current subcutaneous formulations of GLP-1 RAs present pharmacokinetic problems that lead to adverse reactions and treatment *** this review,we discuss the current challenges of subcutaneous administration of peptide-based therapeutics and provide an overview of the formulations available for the different routes of administration with improved bioavailability and reduced frequency of administration.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists Exenatide Subcutaneous administration Amylin mimetics Drug delivery systems Biotherapeutics Peptide delivery Controlled-release formulations Microparticles Nanoparticles

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Plant peroxisomes at the crossroad of NO and H2O2 metabolism

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第7期61卷 803-816页

作者： francisco j.Corpas Luis A.del Río josé M.Palma Group of Antioxidants Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology Food and Agriculture Department of Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants Estación Experimental del Zaidín CSIC

Plant peroxisomes are subcellular compartments involved in many biochemical pathways during the life cycle of a plant but also in the mechanism of response against adverse environmental *** organelles have an active nitro-oxidative metabolism under physiological conditions but this could be exacerbated under stress ***,peroxisomes have the capacity to proliferateand also undergo biochemical adaptations depending on the surrounding cellular *** important characteristic of peroxisomes is that they have a dynamic metabolism of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species(RNS and ROS)which generates two key molecules,nitric oxide(NO)and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2).These molecules can exert signaling functions by means of post-translational modifications that affect the functionality of target molecules like proteins,peptides or fatty *** review provides an overview of the endogenous metabolism of ROS and RNS in peroxisomes with special emphasis on polyamine and uric acid metabolism as well as the possibility that these organelles could be a source of signal molecules involved in the functional interconnection with other subcellular compartments.

关键词： Plant peroxisomes NO H2O2 metabolism

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Resveratrol attenuates metabolic,sperm,and testicular changes in adult Wistar rats fed a diet rich in lipids and simple carbohydrates

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Asian journal of Andrology 2019年第2期21卷 201-207页

作者： Fabiana A de Oliveira Waldemar S Costa francisco j B Sampaio Bianca M Gregorio Urogenital Research Unit Biomedical CenterState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 20551-030Brazil

High-fat diets affect male reproduction and sexual ***,we evaluated the effects of prolonged resveratrol administration on the metabolic,sperm,and testicular parameters of rats fed a cafeteria *** Wistar rats were divided at weaning into control(Cv n=20)and cafeteria(CAF,n=16)*** 3 months,half of them were given daily supplementations of resveratrol(C-R,n=10;CAF-R,n=8)at a dosage of 30 mg kg-1 body mass for 2 *** were killed at 5 months of age,and blood,spermatozoa,and testes were collected for further *** were analyzed by one-way ANOVA,and P<0.05 was considered statistically *** CAF diet promoted hyperglycemia(P<0.0001),and treatment with resveratrol reversed this condition(P<0.0001).The CAF diet reduced sperm viability and motility,while resveratrol improved these parameters(F<0.05).Regarding testicular morphology,the height of the seminiferous epithelium was reduced in the CAF group compared with that of the C group(P=0.0007).Spermatogenic cell proliferation was also reduced in the CAF group compared with that of the C ***,the CAF-R showed an increase in cell proliferation rate compared with that of the untreated CAF group(P=0.0024).Although it did not modify body mass,the consumption of a CAF diet promoted hyperglycemia,adverse testicular morphology remodeling,and abnormal sperm,which were attenuated by treatment with resveratrol,thus suggesting a protective effect of this antioxidant on spermatogenesis.

关键词： cafeteria diet morphology resveratrol spermatozoa testicle

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Opposing roles of plant laticifer cells in the resistance to insect herbivores and fungal pathogens

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Plant Communications 2021年第3期2卷 93-104页

作者： Lourdes Castelblanque javier garcía-Andrade Clara Martínez-Arias juan j.Rodríguez francisco j.Escaray Ernestina Aguilar-Fenollosa josep A.jaques Pablo Vera Instituto de Biología Moleculary Celular de Plantas Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia-C.S.I.CCiudad Politécnica de la InnovaciònEdificio 8EIngeniero Fausto Elios/n46022 ValenciaSpain Universitat jaume I Departament de Ciéncies Agráries i del Medi NaturalCampus del Riu Sec12003 Castellòde la PlanaSpain

More than 12,000 plant species(ca.10%of flowering plants)exude latex when their tissues are *** is produced and stored in specialized cells named“laticifers”.Laticifers form a tubing system composed of rows of elongated cells that branch and create an internal network encompassing the entire *** constitute a recent evolutionary achievement in ecophysiological adaptation to specific natural environments;however,their fitness benefit to the plant still remains to be *** identification of Euphorbia lathyris mutants(pil mutants)deficient in laticifer cells or latex metabolism,and therefore compromised in latex production,allowed us to test the importance of laticifers in pest *** provided genetic evidence indicating that laticifers represent a cellular adaptation for an essential defense strategy to fend off arthropod herbivores with different feeding habits,such as Spodoptera exigua and Tetranychus *** marked contrast,we also discovered that a lack of laticifer cells causes complete resistance to the fungal pathogen Botrytis ***,a latex-derived factor required for conidia germination on the leaf surface was *** factor promoted disease susceptibility enhancement even in the non-latex-bearing plant *** speculate on the role of laticifers in the coevolutionary arms race between plants and their enemies.

关键词： latex Euphorbia lathyris disease resistance disease susceptibility plant defense

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The extractable hydrokinetic power from an oscillating membrane-based harvester

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2019年第2期9卷 66-70页

作者： francisco j.Arias Salvador De Las Heras Department of Fluid Mechanics University of Catalonia

The extractable hydrokinetic power from an oscillating membrane in standing motion and induced by a water flow and its possible significance with regard energy harvesting is *** main attractiveness of such an energy harvester lies in the possibility of an inexpensive technology able to be used in those water flows which either because limitation of space(narrow channels) or a limited differential pressure drop with the surrounding but yet with a non negligible velocity are not well suited to be turbined. Utilizing a simplified geometrical model, an estimate of the extractable output density power per area of membrane was derived. Preliminary experiments were performed using a rectangular thin rubber membrane and for a typical domestic water intake as source. The experimental data quantitatively agree very well with the theoretical prediction where it was found that for water flows around 2 m/s the output power density from the membrane may be around 30 mW/cm^2 of membrane. Additional research and development is required in order to arrive at a reliable practical and commercial design.

关键词： Energy harvesting Residual waters Waste waters

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