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What is the effect of Tribulus terrestris on testicular morphology and sperm production?An experimental study in the rat model

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第1期26卷 67-70页

作者： Marcello Henrique Araujo Da Silva Gabriela Faria Buys-Goncalves Joao Henrique Duque Reis Estrada francisco Jose Barcellos Sampaio Diogo Benchimol de Souza Urogenital Research Unit Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro 20551-030RJBrazil

The objective of this study was to investigate whether treatment with Tribulus terrestris(Tt)has any impact on the testicular morphology and function in a rodent *** male rats were divided into a control group and a group receiving 100 mg kg^(-1) body weight of Tt *** 4o days of experiment,the animals were submitted to euthanasia;epididymal tail spermatozoa were collected;and spermatozoa concentration,motility,and viability were *** addition,testicles were collected and processed for histomorphometrical *** were compared using the Student's t-test and considered significant when P<*** concentration,motility,and viability showed no difference between the ***,testicular weight and volume,seminiferous tubule diameter,tunica propria surface density,seminiferous epithelium surface density,and intertubular compartment surface density were statistically similar between the ***,seminiferous epithelium height and tubular lumen surface density were augmented in animals treated with *** with Tt does not cause a major impact on testicular morphology,promoting only subtle *** difference on spermatozoa parameters was observed.

关键词： morphometry testicle Tribulus terrestris

A Tutorial on Federated Learning from Theory to Practice:Foundations,Software Frameworks,Exemplary Use Cases,and Selected Trends

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 824-850页

作者： M.Victoria Luzón Nuria Rodríguez-Barroso Alberto Argente-Garrido Daniel Jiménez-López Jose M.Moyano Javier Del Ser Weiping Ding francisco Herrera Department of Software Engineering Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Communications Engineering University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)and also with TECNALIABasque Research&Technology Alliance(BRTA)Spain School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

When data privacy is imposed as a necessity,Federated learning(FL)emerges as a relevant artificial intelligence field for developing machine learning(ML)models in a distributed and decentralized *** allows ML models to be trained on local devices without any need for centralized data transfer,thereby reducing both the exposure of sensitive data and the possibility of data interception by malicious third *** paradigm has gained momentum in the last few years,spurred by the plethora of real-world applications that have leveraged its ability to improve the efficiency of distributed learning and to accommodate numerous participants with their data *** virtue of FL,models can be learned from all such distributed data sources while preserving data *** aim of this paper is to provide a practical tutorial on FL,including a short methodology and a systematic analysis of existing software ***,our tutorial provides exemplary cases of study from three complementary perspectives:i)Foundations of FL,describing the main components of FL,from key elements to FL categories;ii)Implementation guidelines and exemplary cases of study,by systematically examining the functionalities provided by existing software frameworks for FL deployment,devising a methodology to design a FL scenario,and providing exemplary cases of study with source code for different ML approaches;and iii)Trends,shortly reviewing a non-exhaustive list of research directions that are under active investigation in the current FL *** ultimate purpose of this work is to establish itself as a referential work for researchers,developers,and data scientists willing to explore the capabilities of FL in practical applications.

关键词： Data privacy distributed machine learning federated learning software frameworks

Role of lipids in the control of autophagy and primary cilium signaling in neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 264-271页

作者： María Paz Hernández-Cáceres Daniela Pinto-Nuñez Patricia Rivera Paulina Burgos francisco Díaz-Castro Alfredo Criollo Maria Jose Yañez Eugenia Morselli Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas(ICOD) Facultad de OdontologíaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine and ScienceUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile Physiology Department Faculty of Biological SciencesPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas&Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Autophagy Research Center SantiagoChile

The brain is,after the adipose tissue,the organ with the greatest amount of lipids and diversity in their composition in the human *** neurons,lipids are involved in signaling pathways controlling autophagy,a lysosome-dependent catabolic process essential for the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis and the function of the primary cilium,a cellular antenna that acts as a communication hub that transfers extracellular signals into intracellular responses required for neurogenesis and brain development.A crosstalk between primary cilia and autophagy has been established;however,its role in the control of neuronal activity and homeostasis is barely *** this review,we briefly discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of autophagy and the primary cilium in *** we review the recent literature about specific lipid subclasses in the regulation of autophagy,in the control of primary cilium structure and its dependent cellular signaling in physiological and pathological conditions,specifically focusing on neurons,an area of research that could have major implications in neurodevelopment,energy homeostasis,and neurodegeneration.

关键词： autophagic flux cholesterol fatty acids GPCR lysosomal storage diseases neurons NPC1 phosphoinositides primary cilium

ENSO impacts on litter stocks and water holding capacity in secondary forests in eastern Amazonia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 83-89页

作者： Julia Isabella de Matos Rodrigues Walmer Bruno Rocha Martins Victor Pereira de Oliveira Myriam Suelen da Silva Wanzerley Hélio Brito dos Santos Júnior francisco de Assis Oliveira Graduate Program in Forestry Sciences Av.Presidente Tancredo Neves2501BelémPará66077-530Brazil Federal Rural University of Amazonia Av.Presidente Tancredo Neves2501BelémPará66077-530Brazil Federal Rural University of Amazonia Tv.Pau-AmareloCapitão PoçoPará68650-000Brazil National Institute of Amazonia Research Av.Constelação Cruzeiro do SulManausAmazonas 69060-062Brazil

Among the impacts of climate change,there is the intensification of phenomena such as the El Niño South-ern Oscillation(ENSO)responsible for El Niño and La Niñ***,understanding their effects on the functional pro-cesses of forests is ***,this study evaluated the effects of ENSO on litter stock and water holding capac-ity(WHC)in a successional forest in eastern *** occurred in periods with the most rainfall in El Niño(2019)and least in La Niña(2021)*** permanent plots were used to sample *** effects were evident for WHC,higher during El Niñ***,this influence was not clear for litter,as only in the rainy season effects were *** was a positive correlation of WHC with precipitation and humidity,while litter stocks were negatively correlated with temperature and wind *** the subject of this study requires long-term assessments,preliminary results suggests that,depending on the intensity of ENSO,forest functional processes can be strongly impacted and *** conclusion reinforces warnings by the scientific community about the impacts of climate change on the maintenance of litter stocks,decomposition and,consequently,the biogeochemical cycle and essential ecosystem services for the maintenance of Amazonia *** need to develop long-term research to understand the effects of climatic change on litter stocks and water holding capacity is highlighted,especially in Amazonia.

关键词： Seasonality Climate change Succession ecosystem Biogeochemical cycle Amazonia biodiversity

Latest developments in early diagnosis and specific treatment of severe influenza infection

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 160-174页

作者： francisco Valenzuela-Sánchez Blanca Valenzuela-Méndez Juan francisco Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Ángel Estella Intensive Care Unit University Hospital of JerezRonda de Circunvalación s/nJerez de la FronteraSpain Haematology Department University Hospital of JerezRonda de Circunvalación s/nJerez de la FronteraSpain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades respiratoriasCIBERESInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIAv.de Monforte de LemosMadridSpain Department of Oncological Surgery Institut du Cancer de Montpellier(ICM)Parc Euromédecine208 Av.des ApothicairesMontpellierFrance Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CádizCalle Doctor MarañónCádizSpain Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz(INIBiCA) Avenida Ana de Viya 21CádizSpain

Influenza pandemics are unpredictable recurrent events with global health,economic,and social *** objective of this review is to provide an update on the latest developments in early diagnosis and specific treatment of the disease and its complications,particularly with regard to respiratory organ *** advances in treatment,the rate of mortality in the intensive care unit remains approximately 30%.Therefore,early identification of potentially severe viral pneumonia is extremely important to optimize treatment in these *** pathogenesis of influenza virus infection depends on viral virulence and host ***,in some patients,it is associated with an excessive systemic response mediated by an authentic cytokine *** process leads to severe primary pneumonia and acute respiratory distress *** prognostication in the emergency department based on comorbidities,vital signs,and biomarkers(e.g.,procalcitonin,ferritin,human leukocyte antigen-DR,mid-regional proadrenomedullin,and lactate)is *** of these biomarkers on admission may facilitate clinical decision-making to determine early admission to the hospital or the intensive care *** decisions are reached considering pathophysiological circumstances that are associated with a poor prognosis(e.g.,bacterial co-infection,hyperinflammation,immune paralysis,severe endothelial damage,organ dysfunction,and septic shock).Moreover,early implementation is important to increase treatment *** on a limited level of evidence,all current guidelines recommend using oseltamivir in this *** possibility of drug resistance should also be *** options include other antiviral drugs and combination therapies with monoclonal ***,it is not recommended to use corticosteroids in the initial treatment of these ***,the implementation of supportive measures for respiratory failure is ***

关键词： Influenza Pandemic Respiratory failure Acute respiratory distress syndrome Intensive care unit admission

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among patients with esophageal carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第29期30卷 3479-3487页

作者： Miriam López-Gómez Maria Morales Rebeca Fuerte Marta Muñoz Pedro-David Delgado-López Jorge francisco Gómez-Cerezo Enrique Casado Department of Medical Oncology Precision Oncology LaboratoryInfanta Sofía University HospitalSan Sebastián de los Reyes 28231MadridSpain Department of Medical Oncology Infanta Sofía University HospitalSan Sebastián de los Reyes 28702Spain Department of Internal Medicine Infanta Sofía University HospitalSan Sebastián de los Reyes 28703MadridSpain Department of Pathology Infanta Sofía University HospitalSan Sebastián de los Reyes 28702Spain Department of Neurosurgery Burgos University HospitalBurgos 09006Spain Department of Internal Medicine Infanta Sofía University Hospital and Henares University Hospital Foundation for Biomedical Research and InnovationSan Sebastian de los Reyes 28702MadridSpain Department of Medical Oncology Infanta Sofia University Hospital and Henares University Hospital Foundation for Biomedical Research and InnovationSan Sebastian de los Reyes 28702MadridSpain

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(***)is a widespread microorganism related to gastric adenocarcinoma(AC).In contrast,it has been reported that an inverse association exists between *** infection and esophageal *** mechanisms underlying this supposedly protective effect remain *** To determine the prevalence of *** infection in esophageal carcinoma patients,we performed a retrospective observational study of esophageal tumors diagnosed in our *** We retrospectively reviewed the prevalence of *** infection in a cohort of patients diagnosed with esophageal *** or previous proton pump inhibitor(PPI)usage was also *** A total of 89 patients with esophageal carcinoma(69 males,77.5%),with a mean age of 66 years(range,26-93 years)were *** was the most frequent pathological variant(n=47,52.8%),followed by squamous cell carcinoma(n=37,41.6%).Fourteen ACs(29.8%)originated in the gastroesophageal junction and 33(70.2%)in the esophageal ***,54 patients(60.7%)presented at stages III and *** *** infection occurred only in 4 patients(4.5%),3 with AC(6.3%of all ACs)and 1 with squamous cell carcinoma(2.7%of all squamous cell tumors).All patients with previous *** infection had stage *** one patient had received prior *** eradication therapy,whereas 86(96.6%)had received previous or concomitant PPI *** In our cohort of patients,and after histologic evaluation of paraffin-embedded primary tumors,we found a very low prevalence of previous *** *** also reviewed the medical history of the patients,concluding that the majority had received or were on PPI *** minimal prevalence of *** infection found in this cohort of patients with esophageal carcinoma suggests a protective role.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Eradication Esophageal tumor Dysbiosis Proton pump inhibitors Carcinogenesis Microbiota Incidence

众脑之力:通过开放神经影像数据和大规模协作催化神经精神疾病的创新发现

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Science Bulletin 2024年第10期69卷 1536-1555页

作者：鲁彬陈骁 francisco Xavier Castellanos Paul M.Thompson 左西年臧玉峰严超赣 CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Institute of PsychologyBeijing 100101China Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew York 10016USA d Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research Orangeburg 10962USA Imaging Genetics Center Mark&Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging&InformaticsKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles 90033USA Developmental Population Neuroscience Research Center IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China National Basic Science Data Center Beijing 100190China Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310004China Institute of Psychological Science Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310030China Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairment Hangzhou 311121China International Big-Data Center for Depression Research Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Recent advances in open neuroimaging data are enhancing our comprehension of neuropsychiatric *** pooling images from various cohorts,statistical power has increased,enabling the detection of subtle abnormalities and robust associations,and fostering new research *** collaborations in imaging have furthered our knowledge of the neurobiological foundations of brain disorders and aided in imaging-based prediction for more targeted ***-scale magnetic resonance imaging initiatives are driving innovation in analytics and supporting generalizable psychiatric *** also emphasize the significant role of big data in understanding neural mechanisms and in the early identification and precise treatment of neuropsychiatric ***,challenges such as data harmonization across different sites,privacy protection,and effective data sharing must be *** proper governance and open science practices,we conclude with a projection of how large-scale imaging resources and collaborations could revolutionize diagnosis,treatment selection,and outcome prediction,contributing to optimal brain health.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Neuropsychiatric disorders Big data Open science Artificial intelligence

Exercise-induced hypoalgesia in chronic neck pain: A narrative review

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第1期6卷 37-47页

作者： Fernando Rojas-Galleguillos Cecilia Clark-Hormazabal Eduardo Mendez-Fuentes francisco Guede-Rojas Cristhian Mendoza Andres Riveros Valdes Claudio Carvajal-Parodi Universidad San Sebastian Programa Magíster en Kinesiología MusculoesqueleticaLientur#1457ConcepcionChile Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory School of Physical TherapyFaculty of Rehabilitation SciencesUniversidad Andres BelloSantiago7591538Chile Universidad San Sebastian Laboratoriode NeurobiologíFacultad de Odontologíay Ciencias dela RehabilitacionLientur#1457ConcepcionChile Universidad San Sebastian Departamento de Ciencias MorfologicasFacultad de MedicinaCienciaLientur#1457ConcepcionChile Universidad San Sebastian Escuelade KinesiologíaFacultad de OdontologíaCiencias dela RehabilitacionLientur#1457ConcepcionChile

Chronic neck pain(CNP)is a worldwide health problem with several risk *** of the most widely used treatments for managing this condition is therapeutic exercise,which could generate a response called exerciseinduced hypoalgesia(EIH).There is no consensus on the best exercise modality to induce ***,this review aims to analyze and synthesize the state-of-the-art about the hypoalgesic effect of exercise in subjects with *** included articles on EIH and CNP in patients older than 18 years,with pain for more than three months,where the EIH response was *** that studied CNP associated with comorbidities or measured the response to treatments other than exercise were *** studies reviewed reported variable *** in healthy subjects has been shown to reduce indicators of pain sensitivity;however,in people with chronic pain,the response is *** investigations reported adverse effects with increased pain intensity and decreased pain sensitivity,others found no clinical response,and some even reported EIH with decreased pain and increased *** is an identifiable,stimulable,and helpful therapeutic response in people with *** research is still needed on subjects with CNP to clarify the protocols and therapeutic variables that facilitate the EIH *** addition,it is necessary to deepen the knowledge of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence EIH in people with CNP.

关键词： Exercise-induced hypoalgesia Neck pain Chronic pain Neck exercise therapy

Microfluidic bubble-generator enables digital light processing 3D printing of porous structures

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Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 280-291页

作者： Philipp Weber Ling Cai francisco Javier Aguilar Rojas Carlos Ezio Garciamendez-Mijares Maria Celeste Tirelli Francesco Nalin Jakub Jaroszewicz Wojciech Swi eszkowski Marco Costantini Yu Shrike Zhang Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMassachusettsUSA Institute of Physical Chemistry—Polish Academy of Sciences KasprzakaPoland Biomaterials Group Materials Design DivisionFaculty of Materials Science and EngineeringWarsaw University of TechnologyWoloskaPoland

Three-dimensional(3D)printing is an emerging technique that has shown promising success in engineering human tissues in recent *** development of vatphotopolymerization printing modalities has significantly enhanced the complexity level for 3D printing of various functional structures and ***,the development of microfluidic chip systems is an emerging research sector with promising medical *** work demonstrates the coupling of a digital light processing(DLP)printing procedure with a microfluidic chip system to produce size-tunable,3D-printable porosities with narrow pore size distributions within a gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel *** is found that the generation of size-tunable gas bubbles trapped within an aqueous GelMA hydrogel-precursor can be controlled with high ***,the porosities are printed in two-dimensional(2D)as well as in 3D using the DLP *** addition,the cytocompatibility of the printed porous scaffolds is investigated using fibroblasts,where high cell viabilities as well as cell proliferation,spreading,and migration are *** is anticipated that the strategy is widely applicable in a range of application areas such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,among others.

关键词： 3D printing biofabrication bubble digital light processing microfluidics porous