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Tranexamic acid for major trauma patients in Ireland

World Journal of emergency Medicine 2022年第1期13卷 11-17页

作者： Kieran Walsh francis o.keeff e Louise Brent Biswadev Mitra National Trauma Research Institute the Alfred HospitalMelbourne 3004Australia Critical Care Research School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004Australia emergency&Trauma Centre Alfred HealthMelbourne 3004Australia emergency Department Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublin D07 R2WYIreland National offi ce for Clinical Audit Ardilaun HouseDublin D02 VN51Ireland

BACKGRoUND:The Clinical Randomisation of an Anti-fibrinolytic in Significant Hemorrhage-2(CRASH-2)is the largest randomized control trial(RCT)examining circulatory resuscitation for trauma patients to date and concluded a statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality in patients administered tranexamic acid(TXA)within 3 hours of *** the publication of CRASH-2,significant geographical variance in the use of TXA for trauma patients *** study aims to assess TXA use for major trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock in Ireland after the publication of ***:A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data derived from the Trauma Audit and Research Network(TARN).All injured patients in Ireland between January 2013 and December 2018 who had evidence of hemorrhagic shock on presentation(as defined by systolic blood pressure[SBP]on of blood products)were eligible for *** at hospital discharge was the primary ***:During the study period,a total of 234 patients met the inclusion *** injured patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock,133(56.8%;95%confidence interval[CI]50.2%–63.3%)received *** patients that received TXA,a higher proportion of patients presented with shock index>1(70.68%vs.57.43%)and higher Injury Severity Score(ISS>25;49.62%vs.23.76%).Administration of TXA was not associated with mortality at hospital discharge(odds ratio[oR]0.86,95%CI 0.31–2.38).CoNCLUSIoNS:Among injured Irish patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock,TXA was administered to 56.8%of *** administered with TXA were on average more severely ***,a mortality benefit could not be demonstrated.

关键词： Tranexamic acid Shock Ireland Hemorrhage

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evaluation of the gastrointestinal anti-motility effect of Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract:A mechanistic study of antidiarrheal activity

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第6期11卷 776-782页

作者： Blessing o.omolaso francis S.oluwole olugbenga A.odukanmi Julius K.Adesanwo Ahmed A.Ishola Kayode e.Adewole Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Medical SciencesOndo City340001Ondo StateNigeria Department of Physiology College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadan200001Nigeria Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife230001Osun StateNigeria Central Research Laboratories Limited University Road IlorinKwara State240001Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Medical Sciences340001Ondo StateNigeria

Diarrhea is a prevalent gastrointestinal problem associated with fatal *** is a huge public health concern that requires better alternatives to current *** study investigated the mechanisms involved in the antidiarrheal activity of Anacardium occidentale(Ao) stem bark extract,a plant commonly used in the management of diarrhea in *** stem bark extract of the plant was partitioned into three fractions:hexane fraction,ethyl acetate fraction(Ao eF) and methanol *** vitro studies on the effect of these fractions on guinea pig ileum(GPI) strips,as well as the modulatory effect of Ao eF on standard agonists-and antagonists-induced GPI contraction and relaxation,revealed Ao eF as the most active *** vivo studies to assess the effect of Ao eF on the dopaminergic,muscarinic,and serotonergic pathways were carried out using gastric emptying(Ge) and gastrointestinal transit(GT) as experimental end *** eF was subjected to GC-MS analysis,while the identified compounds were docked with the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3(CHRM3) using Autodock *** indicated that Ao eF inhibited Ge and GT via inhibition of *** addition,GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 compounds in Ao eF,while docking indicated that octadecanoic acid 2-(2-hydroxylethoxy)ethyl ester exhibited the highest binding affinity to *** study indicated that the antidiarrheal activity of Ao is through its antimotility effect via the inhibition of the muscarinic *** since none of the identified compounds exhibited higher binding affinity to CHRM3 relative to loperamide,the antimotility activity of these phytoconstituents may be via synergism.

关键词： Anacardium occidentale Antidiarrheal Muscarinic receptor Gastric emptying Gut motility GC-MS analysis

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Colonial Forest Policies and Tropical Deforestation: The Case of Cross River State, Nigeria

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open Journal of Forestry 2015年第1期5卷 66-79页

作者： oliver o. o. enuoh francis e. Bisong Tropical ecological Consult Ltd. Abuja Nigeria Department of Geography and environmental Science University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

Nigeria has lost over 90% of her forest resources due to the hydra-headed and enduring problem of deforestation, hinging on timber logging, establishment of agricultural plantations in hitherto intact forest reserves, construction of highways, mining of solid minerals, approval of taungya farming activities in forest reserves, extraction of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), and dereservation of large areas of certain forest reserves for other economic and development activities. Though colonialism was dismantled in the first half of the twentieth century, its policies on forest nationalization remain unchanged across many independent states in the tropics including Nigeria. The paper assesses the colonial forest policy underpinnings of tropical deforestation in Cross River State of Nigeria. It highlights the weaknesses of forest reservation laws and its impacts on tropical deforestation. The paper concludes by advocating a shift in forest policies in favour of property rights recognition and devolution of forest management responsibilities to forest communities.

关键词： Colonialism Forests Policies Deforestation Devolution and Communities

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Rural Livelihoods Vulnerabilities and Commercial Bushmeat Hunting Challenges in Cross River National Park, Nigeria

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Natural Resources 2014年第13期5卷 822-836页

作者： oliver o. o. enuoh francis e. Bisong Tropical ecological Consult Abuja Nigeria Department of Geography and environmental Science University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

Biodiversity conservation in parks and protected areas in Africa in general and especially in Nigeria is seriously threatened by the explosion of commercial bushmeat hunting activities in buffer zone communities. Several fauna species are becoming endangered and the list of extinct species is increasing due to commercial bushmeat hunting activities. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research techniques, this paper assesses the livelihoods vulnerability underpinnings of commercial bushmeat hunting activities in Cross River National Park (CRNP). Results reveal that commercial bushmeat hunting activities are shaped by a vulnerability context that hinges on different elements of environmental shocks, seasonal challenges and surrounding societal trends. The paper highlights the conservation and global sustainable development implications of uncontrolled commercial bushmeat hunting practices and concludes with options on policy recommendations and future research trajectories.

关键词： Biodiversity Livelihoods Vulnerability Bushmeat Hunting

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Nanoscale All-oxide-Heterostructured Bio-inspired optoresponsive Nociceptor

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Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第7期12卷 13-28页

作者： Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari Jie Hu francis Verpoort Hongliang Lu Serge Zhuiykov Centre for environmental and energy Research Ghent University Global CampusIncheonSouth Korea Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University9000 GhentBelgium College of Information engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiPeople’s Republic of China Laboratory of organometallics Catalysis and Ordered MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070People’s Republic of China School of Microelectronic Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China

Retina nociceptor,as a key sensory receptor,not only enables the transport of warning signals to the human central nervous system upon its exposure to noxious stimuli,but also triggers the motor response that minimizes potential *** this study,the capability of two-dimensional all-oxide-heterostructured artificial nociceptor as a single device with tunable properties was *** designed nociceptors utilize ultra-thin sub-stoichiometric Tio2–Ga2o3 heterostructures,where the thermally annealed Ga2o3 films play the role of charge transfer controlling *** is discovered that the phase transformation in Ga2o3 is accompanied by substantial jump in conductivity,induced by thermally assisted internal redox reaction of Ga2o3 nanostructure during *** is also experimentally confirmed that the charge transfer in alloxide heterostructures can be tuned and controlled by the heterointerfaces *** demonstrate that the engineering of heterointerfaces of two-dimensional(2D)films enables the fabrication of either high-sensitive Tio2–Ga2o3(Ar)or high-threshold Tio2–Ga2o3(N2)*** hypersensitive nociceptor mimics the functionalities of corneal nociceptors of human eye,whereas the delayed reaction of nociceptor is similar to high-threshold nociceptive characteristics of human sensory *** long-term stability of 2D nociceptors demonstrates the capability of heterointerfaces engineering for e ective control of charge transfer at 2D heterostructured devices.

关键词： 2D heterostructures Artificial nociceptors Bio-inspired device Heterointerfaces engineering

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Abundance and prey capture success of Common Terns(Sterna hirundo)and Pied Kingfishers(Ceryle rudis)in relation to water clarity in south-east coastal Ghana

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Avian Research 2018年第3期9卷 226-238页

作者： Lars H.Holbech francis Gbogbo Timothy Khan Aikins Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of GhanaP.O.Box LG 67LegonAccraGhana Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Management University for Development StudiesBox TL 1882Nyankpala CampusTamaleGhana

Background: Water clarity may negatively influence rate of plunge diving and prey capture success of piscivorous plunge-diving birds, and therefore has implications for their conservation in polluted urban wetlands. We studied the relationship between water clarity and the abundance and prey capture success of Pied Kingfishers(Ceryle rudis) and Common Terns(Sterna hirundo) in two polluted coastal waters of south-east Ghana—the Weija Lake and Densu Delta Ramsar ***: on each wetland, data on abundance and prey capture success of plunge-divers were collected in four spatio-temporal quadrats of 100 m × 100 m and analysed with concurrent measurements of water quality parameters using GLM regression with Pearson's correlation ***: Mean prey capture success of Pied Kingfishers(34.7 e two species responded differently to water clarity. The± 13.1%) and Common Terns(35.3 abundance of Common Terns was± 11.0%) were similar but th significantly higher in less transparent/more turbid water while that of Pied Kingfishers showed no significant relationship with turbidity and transparency. In contrast, the prey capture success of Common Terns was neither related to transparency nor turbidity, as opposed to that of Pied Kingfishers which was significantly higher in more turbid/less transparent waters. Correlations between capture success and bird abundance, as well as capture attempts were insignificant, suggesting that increased fish abundance associated with cloudy water may not necessarily promote higher abundance and capture success of foraging birds. Thus, when foraging in less transparent water, capture success may depend more on predator avoidance by fish prey than lower prey detectability of foraging ***: Within a gradient of 15–51 cm transparency studied, lower water clarity did not constrain prey capture success of Common Terns and Pied Kingfishers. Further studies on the foraging ecology of plunge-divers in coastal Ghana are however r

关键词： Coastal Ghana Common Tern Pied Kingfisher Prey capture success Water turbidity and transparency

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Assessing the utility of dissolved organic matter photoreactivity as a predictor of in situ methylmercury concentration

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 160-168页

作者： Sara J.Klapstein Susan e.Ziegler David A.Risk Nelson J.o'Driscoll environmental Science Program Memorial University of Newfoundland Department of earth Sciences St. Francis Xavier University Department of earth and environmental Science Acadia University

Methylmercury（MeHg） bioaccumulation is a growing concern in ecosystems worldwide. The absorption of solar radiation by dissolved organic matter（DoM） and other photoreactive ligands can convert MeHg into less toxic forms of mercury through photodemethylation. In this study, spectral changes and photoreactivity of DoM were measured to assess the potential to control photoreactions and predict in situ MeHg concentration. Water samples collected from a series of lakes in southwestern Nova Scotia in June, August, and September were exposed to controlled ultraviolet-A（UV-A） radiation for up to 24 hr. Dissolved organic matter photoreactivity, measured as the loss of absorbance at 350 nm at constant UV-A irradiation, was positively dependent on the initial DoM concentration in lake waters（r^2=0.94）. This relationship was consistent over time with both DoM concentration and photoreactivity increasing from summer into fall across lakes. Lake in situ MeHg concentration was positively correlated with DoM concentration and likely catchment transport in June（r = 0.77） but not the other sampling months. Despite a consistent seasonal variation in both DoM and Fe, and their respective correlations with MeHg, no discernable seasonal trend in MeHg was observed. However, a 3-year dataset from the 6 study lakes revealed a positive correlation between DoM concentration and both Fe（r = 0.91） and MeHg concentrations（r = 0.51） suggesting a more dominant landscape mobility control on *** DoM-MeHg relationships observed in these lakes highlights the need to examine DoM photoreactivity controls on MeHg transport and availability in natural waters particularly given future climate perturbations.

关键词： Methylmercury Dissolved organic carbon Photoreactions Kejimkujik National Park Freshwater lakes

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Fish from a polluted lake(Lake Chivero,Zimbabwe):a food safety issue of concern

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Food Quality and Safety 2019年第3期3卷 157-167页

作者： francis Manjengwa Tamuka Nhiwatiwa elijah Nyakudya Petronella Banda Faculty of Science Biosciences DepartmentUniversity of ZimbabwePO Box MP167Mt.PleasantHarareZimbabwe Faculty of Agriculture Soil Sciences&Agricultural Engineering DepartmentUniversity of ZimbabwePO Box MP167Mt.PleasantHarareZimbabwe Faculty of Agriculture Animal Sciences DepartmentUniversity of ZimbabwePO Box MP167Mt.PleasantHarareZimbabwe

objectives:A study to determine food safety hazard status of fish products from Lake Chivero was conducted in selected high density suburbs of *** water and fish were tested for *** o157:H7,total bacterial,fungal counts,mercury(Hg)and aflatoxin B1(AFB1)to determine contamination levels and assessing human health hazard *** and Methods:Membrane filtration method was used to determine *** o157:H7 viable counts using CHRoM *** count and Potato dextrose agar were used for determination of total viable bacterial and fungal *** of Hg and AFB1 in fish and water were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.A questionnaire survey was conducted on 136 adult fish consumers to determine the fish consumption patterns to assess hazard exposure against international ***:Significant levels of microbial contamination above international standards in both fish and water were *** *** o157:H7 counts were 106±10(cfu/cm^(2))in fish and 52±14(cfu/100ml)in *** Log10 TBC were 8.98±0.26(cfu/cm^(2))in fish and 9.05±0.05(cfu/ml)in *** Log10 TFC were 4.83±0.02(cfu/cm^(2))in fish and 4.56±0.03(cfu/ml)in *** and AFB1 were 0.018(μg/kg)and 0.025(μg/kg)in fish and 0.008(μg/kg)and 0.005(μg/kg)in water,both with a hazard quotient(HQ)oDeX STAN 193-1995 of ***:Fish and water are contaminated with *** o157:H7,contain bacterial and fungal loads above international food safety guidance *** were caught already contaminated with pathogens together with toxigenic Hg and carcinogenic AFB1 although their concentration levels are within international food safety toxicological *** of Hg and AFB1 in water were almost double that of fish,implying bio-accumulation occurred in ***,fish consumers are exposed to food safety hazards and are at risk of contracting foodborne illnesses from consuming contam

关键词： food contamination food safety hazards,e.coli o157:H7,mercury,aflatoxin B1

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Farming Families and Climate Change Issues in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: extent of Impact and Adaptation Strategies

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第12期5卷 1140-1151页

作者： Michael e. Ikehi francis M. onu Florence o. Ifeanyieze Patrick S. Paradang Agricultural Unit Department of Vocational Teacher Education University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Agriculture education Federal College of Education Pankshin Nigeria

The study focused on the impacts of climate change on the farmer and the farming families in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. The study specifically evaluated the perceived resultant situations attributed to climate change to determine the extent of impacts of climate change on the farmer and the farming families and also explored adoptable strategies for coping with the situations. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The population for the study was 246,909 respondents made up of farmers and extension workers who are registered with the State Ministries of Agriculture. out of the nine Niger Delta states, Bayelsa and Delta states were randomly chosen for the study. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 5,038 respondents. Structured questionnaire and interview were used to collect data. The instruments were validated by three experts. Cronbach Alpha method was used to determine the internal consistency of the questionnaire items which yielded a coefficient of 0.81. The Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS v 20.0) was employed for data analysis. The statistical tools used for data analysis were weighted mean to answer research questions and standard deviation to validate the closeness of the respondents from the mean and from each other in their responses while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that the extent of impacts of climate change on farmers and the farming families in Niger Delta region of Nigeria are moderate. Findings further revealed that climate change has led to increased poverty level and raised cost of production (input and labour cost) as indicated by the farmers. The study recommends that farmers in the region should be encouraged by providing incentives and subsidizing inputs for them by Federal and State governments as well as other non-governmental organizations, as th

关键词： Climate Change Farming Families Impacts Flooding Sea Level Rise Adaptation Temperature

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Surface Mixed Layer Profile of Physical and Biogeochemical Variables in the Subpolar North-West and -east Atlantic ocean: A Data-Model Comparison Study

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open Journal of Marine Science 2015年第1期5卷 33-44页

作者： Nsikak U. Benson francis e. Asuquo oladele o. osibanjo Usoro M. etesin Adebusayo e. Adedapo environmental Chemistry Unit Department of Chemistry Covenant University Ota Nigeria Institute of oceanography Department of Physical Oceanography University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Department of Chemistry University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Chemistry AkwaIbom State University Mkpat-Enin Nigeria

This paper presents a study of physical and biogeochemical variables using numerical model and mixed layer oceanographic data from a 2 - 3 year?in situmeasurements in the Northwestern and Northeastern sites of the Atlantic ocean. Model outputs are presented and indicated that very good estimates may be obtained. The outputs showed considerable agreement in reproducing seasonal distributions of?pCo2,?pCo2-T,?pCo2-nonT, mixed layer temperature, and chlorophyll-a?in both winter and summer, and therefore provide useful physical and theoretical understanding of their biogeochemistry. The model?pCo2indicated a distinct temporal variability with seasonal changes coinciding with the change in sea surface temperature. It also provides an agreement that there is a strong seasonal cycle of mixed layer parameters filliped by nonthermal and physical factors. As an outgrowth of this work, the?pCo2?model outputs affirm the North Atlantic ocean capacity as an important oceanographic sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide.

关键词： Mixed Layer Profile pCo2 ocean Circulation Model Model Validation North Atlantic ocean

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