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Human bocavirus: Current knowledge and future challenges

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第39期22卷 8684-8697页

作者： Marcello Guido Maria Rosaria Tumolo Tiziano Verri Alessandro Romano Francesca Serio Mattia De Giorgi Antonella De Donno francesco bagordo Antonella Zizza Laboratory of Hygiene Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies Faculty of Sciences University of Salento Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research Council Laboratory of Physiology Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies University of Salento Neuropathology Unit Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of Neuroscience IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute

Human bocavirus(HBoV) is a parvovirus isolated about a decade ago and found worldwide in both respiratory samples, mainly from early life and children of 6-24 mo of age with acute respiratory infection, and in stool samples, from patients with gastroenteritis. Since then, other viruses related to the first HBoV isolate(HBoV 1), namely HBoV 2, HBoV 3 and HBoV 4, have been detected principally in human faeces. HBo Vs are small nonenveloped single-stranded DNA viruses of about 5300 nucleotides, consisting of three open reading frames encoding the first two the non-structural protein 1(NS1) and nuclear phosphoprotein(NP1) and the third the viral capsid proteins 1 and 2(VP1 and VP2). HBoV pathogenicity remains to be fully clarified mainly due to the lack of animal models for the difficulties in replicating the virus in in vitro cell cultures, and the fact that HBo V infection is frequently accompanied by at least another viral and/or bacterial respiratory and/or gastroenteric pathogen infection. Current diagnostic methods to support HBoV detection include polymerase chain reaction, real-time PCR, enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and enzyme immunoassay using recombinant VP2 or virus-like particle capsid proteins, although sequence-independent amplification techniques combined with next-generation sequencing platforms promise rapid and simultaneous detection of the pathogens in the future. This review presents the current knowledge on HBoV genotypes with emphasis on taxonomy, phylogenetic relationship and genomic analysis, biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnostic methods. The emerging discussion on HBoV s as true pathogen or innocent bystander is also emphasized.

关键词： Human bocavirus Respiratory virus Molecular tests Gastrointestinal virus Pathogenesis Epidemiology Immunoassay methods

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