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Three-dimensional analysis of age and sex differences in femoral head asphericity in asymptomatic hips in the United States

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 754-763页

作者： mahad m Hassan Aliya G Feroe Brenton W Douglass Andrew E Jimenez Benjamin Kuhns Charles F mitchell Robert L Parisien Daniel A maranho Eduardo N Novais Young-Jo Kim Ata m Kiapour Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery TRIA Orthopaedic CenterBloomingtonMN 55122United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55901United States Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery American Hip Institute Research FoundationDes PlainesIL 60018United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Biomechanics Medicineand Rehabilitation of the Locomotor SystemRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirao Preto 14048-900São PauloBrazil

BACKGROUND The sphericity of the femoral head is a metric used to evaluate hip pathologies and is associated with the development of osteoarthritis and femoral-acetabular *** To analyze the three-dimensional asphericity of the femoral head of asymptomatic pediatric *** hypothesized that femoral head asphericity will vary significantly between male and female pediatric hips and increase with age in both *** Computed tomography scans were obtained on 158 children and adolescents from a single institution in the United States(8-18 years;50%male)without hip *** femoral measurements including the femoral head diameter,femoral head volume,residual volume,asphericity index,and local diameter difference were used to evaluate femoral head *** In both sexes,the residual volume increased by age(Pmaller femoral head size in older ages(>13 years)in females,there were no sex-differences in residual volume and aspherity *** were no age-related changes in mean diameter difference in both sexes(P=0.07)with no significant sex-differences across different age groups(P=0.06).In contrast,there were significant increases in local aspherity(maximum diameter difference)across whole surface of the femoral head and all quadrants except the inferior regions in males(P=0.03).There were no sex-differences in maximum diameter difference at any regions and age group(P>0.05).Increased alpha angle was only correlated to increased mean diameter difference across overall surface of the femoral head(P=0.024).CONCLUSION There is a substantial localized asphericity in asymptomatic hips which increases with age *** 2D measured alpha angle can capture overall asphericity of the femoral head,it may not be sensitive enough to represent regional asphericity patterns.

关键词： Hip Femoral head Sphericity Skeletal growth Sex differences

Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome Secondary to Iatrogenic Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report

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Case Reports in Clinical medicine 2024年第5期13卷 155-161页

作者： Joseph Capito mitchell Hoyson Amie m. Ashcraft Hassan Suleiman Courtney S. Pilkerton Department of Family medicine West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA Department of Clinical Family medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Departments of Critical Care medicine & Nephrology Mount Sinai New York City NY USA

Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome (STLS) is a rare oncologic condition caused by the breakdown of neoplastic tissue in the absence of traditional anti-tumor therapy. It is postulated that cancers with rapidly dividing cells lead to increased cell turnover which exceeds the kidneys’ ability to adequately filtrate by-products of cellular breakdown (i.e., phosphate, potassium, anduric acid), leading to end organ damage. It has been reported in the past that kidney failure is a sequelae of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), but there have been no reports that demonstrate acute kidney injury (AKI) preceding TLS. The case presented here demonstrates TLS in a patient with no formal cancer diagnosis, who had received no chemotherapy or radiation that was precipitated by an iatrogenic AKI with chlorthalidone and ibuprofen. This unusual pattern of AKI preceding STLS may provide insight into the pathophysiology of the condition and could possibly lead to greater understanding of this phenomenon.

关键词： Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Acute Kidney Injury Lymphoma Chlorthalidone NSAID

3an erectile function be predicted after prostate cancer Ireatment？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第1期14卷 134-135页

作者： frances m Alba Run Wang Division of Urology University of Texas Medical School at Houston and Department of Urology University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston TX 77030 USA University of Texas mD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA

Prostate cancer （PCa） is the most common solid-organ cancer in American males and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in men. With the advent of prostate-specific antigen screening, death from PCa continues to decline. However, recent evidence suggests that there is now a trend towards increasing incidence.1 Current screening strategies result in increased incidence of low-risk PCa and importantly, the diagnosis of PCa is becoming more common in younger patients.2 The majority of early-stage PCa patients have a high likelihood of disease free survival after treatment.

关键词： Prostate cancer prostate-specific antigen screening radical prostatecomy external beam radiation therapy brachytehrapy HRQOL

Therapy for alcoholic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第9期20卷 2143-2158页

作者： maryconi m Jaurigue mitchell S Cappell Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineWilliam Beaumont Hospital Royal Oak MI 48073 United States Oakland University William Beaumont School of medicine Royal Oak MI 48073 United States

Alcoholism results in about 2.5 million deaths annually worldwide, representing 4% of all mortality. Although alcoholism is associated with more than 60 diseases, most mortality from alcoholism results from alcoholic liver disease (ALD). ALD includes alcoholic steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis, in order of increasing severity. Important scoring systems of ALD severity include: Child-Pugh, a semi-quantitative scoring system useful to roughly characterize clinical severity; model for end-stage liver disease, a quantitative, objective scoring system used for prognostication and prioritization for liver transplantation; and discriminant function, used to determine whether to administer corticosteroids for alcoholic hepatitis. Abstinence is the cornerstone of ALD therapy. Psychotherapies, including twelve-step facilitation therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and motivational enhancement therapy, help support abstinence. Disulfiram decreases alcohol consumption by causing unpleasant sensations after drinking alcohol from accumulation of acetaldehyde in serum, but disulfiram can be hepatotoxic. Adjunctive pharmacotherapies to reduce alcohol consumption include naltrexone, acamprosate, and baclofen. Nutritional therapy helps reverse muscle wasting, weight loss, vitamin deficiencies, and trace element deficiencies associated with ALD. Although reduced protein intake was previously recommended for advanced ALD to prevent hepatic encephalopathy, a diet containing 1.2-1.5 g of protein/kg per day is currently recommended to prevent muscle wasting. Corticosteroids are first-line therapy for severe alcoholic hepatitis (discriminant function ≥ 32), but proof of their efficacy in decreasing mortality remains elusive. Pentoxifylline is an alternative therapy. Complications of advanced ALD include ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, esophageal variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatopulmonary syndrome, and portopu

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Alcoholic steatosis Alcoholic hepatitis Alcoholic cirrhosis Alcoholism Liver disease Corticosteroids Pentoxifylline Liver transplantation

Stricter national standards are required for credentialing of endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopan-creatography in the United States

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第27期25卷 3468-3483页

作者： mitchell S Cappell David m Friedel Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology William Beaumont HospitalRoyal OakMI 48073United States Oakland University William Beaumont School of medicine William Beaumont HospitalMI 48073United States Division of Gastroenterology New York University Winthrop Medical CenterMineolaNY 11501United States

Endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) is now a vital modality with primarily therapeutic and occasionally solely diagnostic utility for numerous biliary/pancreatic disorders. It has a significantly steeper learning curve than that for other standard gastrointestinal(GI) endoscopies, such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy, due to greater technical difficulty and higher risk of complications. Yet, GI fellows have limited exposure to ERCP during standard-three-year-GI-fellowships because ERCP is much less frequently performed than esophagogastroduodenoscopy/colonoscopy. This led to adding an optional year of training in therapeutic endoscopy. Yet many graduates from standard three-year-fellowships without advanced training intensely pursue independent/unsupervised ERCP privileges despite inadequate numbers of performed ERCPs and unacceptably low rates of successful selective cannulation of desired(biliary or pancreatic) duct. Hospital credentialing committees have traditionally performed ERCP credentialing, but this practice has led to widespread flouting of recommended guidelines(e.g., planned privileging of applicant with 20% successful cannulation rate, or after performing only 7 ERCPs);and intense politicking of committee members by applicants, their practice groups, and potential competitors. Consequently, some gastroenterologists upon completing standard fellowships train and learn ERCP 'on the job' during independent/unsupervised practice, which can result in bad outcomes: high rates of failed bile duct cannulation. This severe clinical problem is indicated by publication of ≥ 12 ERCP competency studies/guidelines during last 5 years. However, lack of mandatory, quantitative, ERCP credentialing criteria has permitted neglect of recommended guidelines. This work comprehensively reviews literature on ERCP credentialing;reviews rationales for proposed guidelines;reports problems with current system;and proposes novel criteria for competenc

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Privileges Credentialing Gastroenterology fellowship training Advanced gastrointestinal endoscopy training Certification Standards

What are the evolutionary origins of stomatal responses to abscisic acid in land plants?

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第4期59卷 240-260页

作者： frances C. Sussmilch Timothy J. Brodribb Scott A. m. mcAdam School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia

The evolution of active stomatal closure in response to leaf water deficit, mediated by the hormone abscisic acid （ABA）, has been the subject of recent debate. Two different models for the timing of the evolution of this response recur in the literature. A single-step model for stomatal control suggests that stomata evolved active, ABA- mediated control of stomatal aperture, when these structures first appeared, prior bryophyte and vascular plant gradualistic model for stomatal to the divergence of neages. In contrast, a control proposes that the most basal vascular plant stomata responded passively to changes in leaf water status. This model suggests that active ABA-driven mechanisms for stomatal responses to water status instead evolved after the divergence of seed plants, culminating in the complex, ABA-mediated responses observed in modern angiosperms. Here we review the findings that form the basis for these two models, including recent work that provides critical molecular insights into resolving this intriguing debate, and find strong evidence to support a gradualistic model for stomatal evolution.

关键词： ABA What are the evolutionary origins of stomatal responses to abscisic acid in land plants acid

metabolic pathways as possible therapeutic targets for progressive multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第8期12卷 1262-1267页

作者： Rebecca m.Heidker mitchell R.Emerson Steven m.Le Vine Department of molecular and Integrative Physiology University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy-Glendale Midwestern University

Unlike relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, there are very few therapeutic options for patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. While immune mechanisms are key participants in the pathogenesis of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, the mechanisms underlying the development of progressive multiple sclerosis are less well understood. Putative mechanisms behind progressive multiple sclerosis have been put forth： insufficient energy production via mitochondrial dysfunction, activated microglia, iron accumulation, oxidative stress, activated astrocytes, Wallerian degeneration, apoptosis, etc. Furthermore, repair processes such as remyelination are incomplete. Experimental therapies that strive to improve metabolism within neurons and glia, e.g., oligodendrocytes, could act to counter inadequate energy supplies and/or support remyelination. most experimental approaches have been examined as standalone interventions; however, it is apparent that the biochemical steps being targeted are part of larger pathways, which are further intertwined with other metabolic pathways. Thus, the potential benefits of a tested intervention, or of an established therapy, e.g., ocrelizumab, could be undermined by constraints on upstream and/or downstream steps. If correct, then this argues for a more comprehensive, multifaceted approach to therapy. Here we review experimental approaches to support neuronal and glial metabolism, and/or promote remyelination, which may have potential to lessen or delay progressive multiple sclerosis.

关键词： acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase biotin estrogen iron Kynurenine pathway mitochondria thyroidhormone remyelination stem cells vitamin D

Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome Secondary to Iatrogenic Acute Kidney Injury:A Case Report

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Stable Adult Growth but Reduced Asexual Fecundity in marginopora vertebralis,under Global Climate Change Scenarios

Case Reports in Clinical medicine（临床医学病理报告） 2024年第5期 155页

作者： Joseph Capito mitchell Hoyson Amie m. Ashcraft Hassan Suleiman Courtney S. Pilkerton

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第6期33卷 1400-1410页

作者： Claire E.Reymond frances Patel Sven Uthicke School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China School of Geosciences The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia Australian Institute of marine Science Townsville MCQld4810Australia

Large benthic foraminifera are an integral component of shallow-water tropical habitats and like many marine calcifiers,are susceptible to ocean acidification(OA)and ocean warming(OW).In particular,the prolific Symbiodiniaceae-bearing and high-magnesium calcite marginopora vertebralis has a low threshold compared to several diatom-bearing and low-magnesium calcite *** this multi-year mesocosm experiment,we tested three RPC 8.5 climate change scenarios(i)present day,(ii)the year 2050,and(iii)*** enable a realistic epiphytic association,these experiments were uniquely conducted using natural carbonate substrate,living calcifying alga,and *** contrast to previous studies,we detected no reduction in surface-area growth under future climate conditions compared with present day *** terms of calcification,***’epiphytic association to primary producers(i.e.,calcifying algae and seagrasses)potentially ameliorates the effects of OA by buffering against declines in boundary layer pH during periods of photosynthesis(i.e.,CO_(2)removal).Importantly for population maintenance,we observed a strong reduction in asexual fecundity under the 2100 *** propose the additional energy needed to maintain growth might be one reason for drastically reduced asexual *** alternative explanation could be that the 2℃temperature increase interfered with the environmental synchronization that triggered asexual multiple *** conclude that the low levels of reproduction will reduce populations in a high CO_(2)environment and reduce a valuable source of CaCO_(3) sediment production.

关键词： mesocosm experiment ocean acidification ocean warming large benthic foraminifera carbonate production tropical reef asexual reproduction climate change