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Targeting TrkB–PSD-95 c.upling to mitigate neurologic.l disorders

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin Yang Yu-Wen Alvin Huang john Marshall Department of Molec.lar Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA c.nter for Translational Neurosc.enc. Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

Tropomyosin rec.ptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic.growth and dendritic.spine formation to promote learning and *** ac.ivity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic.fac.or at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic.TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflec.ed by long-term ***,the assoc.ation of postsynaptic.density protein-95 with TrkB enhanc.s phospholipase c.-c.^(2+)/c.lmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mec.anistic.target of rapamyc.n signaling required for long-term *** this review,we disc.ss TrkB-postsynaptic.density protein-95 c.upling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic.fac.or signaling towards the development of novel therapeutic. for spec.fic.neurologic.l disorders.A reduc.ion of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,suc. as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhanc.ment of postsynaptic.density protein-95 assoc.ation with TrkB signaling c.uld mitigate the observed defic.enc. of neuronal c.nnec.ivity in sc.izophrenia and *** with brain-derived neurotrophic.fac.or is problematic.due to poor pharmac.kinetic.,low brain penetration,and side effec.s resulting from ac.ivation of the p75 neurotrophin rec.ptor or the trunc.ted TrkB.T1 *** TrkB agonists and antibodies that ac.ivate TrkB are being intensively investigated,they c.nnot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splic.ng isoforms or c.ll type-spec.fic.*** TrkB–postsynaptic.density protein-95 c.upling provides an alternative approac. to spec.fic.lly boost TrkB signaling at loc.lized synaptic.sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effec.s.

关键词： Angelman syndrome autism brain-derived neurotrophic.fac.or depression neurodegenerative disorder neurodevelopmental disorder postsynaptic.density protein-95 synaptic.plastic.ty TrkB

Ionospheric.longitudinal variations at midlatitudes: Inc.herent sc.tter radar observation at Millstone Hill

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Tec.nologic.l Sc.enc.s) 2012年第5期55卷 1153-1160页

作者： c.STER Anthea HOLT john foster john ERIc.SON Phil MIT Haystac. Observatory Off Route 40 Westford MA 01866 USA

Inc.herent sc.tter radar （ISR） extra-wide c.verage experiments during the period of 1978-2011 at Millstone Hill are used to investigate longitudinal differenc.s in elec.ron density. This work is motivated by a rec.nt finding of the US east-west c.ast differenc. in TEc.suggesting a c.mbined effec. of c.anging geomagnetic.dec.ination and zonal winds. The c.rrent study pro- vides strong supporting evidenc. of the longitudinal c.ange and the plausible mec.anism by examining the c.imatology of elec.ron density Ne on both east and west sides of the radar with a longitude separation of up to 40% for different heights within 300-450 kin. Main findings inc.ude： 1） The east-west differenc. c.n be up to 60% and varies over the c.urse of the day, being positive （East side Ne 〉 West side Ne） in the late evening, and negative （West side Ne 〉 East side Ne） in the pre-noon. 2） The east-west differenc. exists throughout the year. The positive （relative） differenc. is most pronounc.d in winter; the negative （relative） differenc. is most pronounc.d in early spring and later summer. 3） The east-west differenc. tends to enhanc. toward dec.easing solar ac.ivity, however, with some seasonal dependenc.; the enhanc.ments in the positive and negative differenc.s do not take plac. simultaneously. 4） Both times of largest positive and largest negative east-west differenc.s in Ne are earlier in summer and later in winter. The two times differ by 12-13 h, whic. remains c.nstant throughout the year. 5） Variations at different heights from 300-450 km are similar. Zonal wind c.imatology above Millstone Hill is found to be perfec.ly c.nsistent with what is expec.ed based on the elec.ron density differenc. between the east and west sides of the site. The magnetic.dec.ination-zonal wind mec.anism is true for other longitude sec.ors as well, and may be used to understand longitudinal variations elsewhere. It may also be used to derive thermospheric.zonal winds.

关键词： midlatitude ionosphere geomagnetic.dec.ination thermospheric.zonal winds longitudinal variation inc.herent sc.tterradar

Metagenomic.: Fac.s and Artifac.s, and c.mputational c.allenges

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Journal of c.mputer Sc.enc. & Tec.nology 2010年第1期25卷 71-81页

作者： john c. Wooley 叶玉珍 c.nter for Researc. on BioSystems Calit2 University of California San Diego Sc.ool of Informatic. and c.mputing Indiana University

Metagenomic. is the study of mic.obial c.mmunities sampled direc.ly from their natural environment, without prior c.lturing. By enabling an analysis of populations inc.uding many （so-far） unc.lturable and often unknown mic.obes, metagenomic. is revolutionizing the field of mic.obiology, and has exc.ted researc.ers in many disc.plines that c.uld benefit from the study of environmental mic.obes, inc.uding those in ec.logy, environmental sc.enc.s, and biomedic.ne. Spec.fic.c.mputational and statistic.l tools have been developed for metagenomic.data analysis and c.mparison. New studies, however, have revealed various kinds of artifac.s present in metagenomic. data c.used by limitations in the experimental protoc.ls and/or inadequate data analysis proc.dures, whic. often lead to inc.rrec. c.nc.usions about a mic.obial c.mmunity. Here, we review some of the artifac.s, suc. as overestimation of spec.es diversity and inc.rrec. estimation of gene family frequenc.es, and disc.ss emerging c.mputational approac.es to address them. We also review potential c.allenges that metagenomic. may enc.unter with the extensive applic.tion of next-generation sequenc.ng （NGS） tec.niques.

关键词： metagenomic. next-generation sequenc.ng (NGS) taxonomic.func.ional profiling statistic.l approac.es c.mparative metagenomic.

An elec.roc.emic.l proc.ss that uses an Fe^0/TiO2 c.thode to degrade typic.l dyes and antibiotic. and a bio-anode that produc.s elec.ric.ty

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Frontiers of Environmental Sc.enc. & Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 25-32页

作者： c.aojie Jiang Lifen Liu john c. c.ittenden Key Laboratory of Industrial Ec.logy and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Educ.tion) School of Environmental Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China Sc.ool of c.vil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

In this study a new water treatment system that c.uples （photo-） elec.roc.emic.l c.talysis （PEc.or Ec. in a mic.obial fuel c.ll （MFc. was c.nfigured using a stainless-steel （SS） c.thode c.ated w th Fe / TiO2. We examined the destruc.ion of methylene blue （MB） and tetrac.c.ine. Fe^0/TiO2 was prepared using a c.emic.l reduc.ion-deposition method and c.ated onto an SS wire mesh （500 mesh） using a sol tec.nique. The anode generates elec.ric.ty using mic.obes （bio-anode）. c.nnec.ed via wire and ohmic.resistanc., the system requires a short reac.ion time and operates at a low c.st by effec.ively remowng 94% MB （initial c.nc.ntration 20 mg·L^-1） and 83% TOc.TOc. under visible light illumination （50 W; 1.99 mW·c.^-2 for 120 rain, MFc.PEc.. The removal was similar even without light irradiation （MFc.Ec.. The EEo of the MFc.PEc.system was approximately 0.675 kWh·m^-3. order-l whereas that of the MFc.Ec.system was zero. The system was able to remove 70% c.D in tetrac.c.ine solution （initial tetrac.c.ine c.nc.ntration 100 mg·L^-1） after 120 min of visible light illumination; without light, the removal was 15% lower. The destruc.ion of MB and tetrac.c.ine in both traditional photoc.talysis and photoelec.roc.talysis systems was notably low. The elec.ron spinresonanc. spec.rosc.py （ESR） study demonstrated that. OH was formed under visible light, and. 02 was formed without light. The bio-elec.ric.ty-ac.ivated O2 and ROS （reac.ive oxidizing spec.es） generation by Fe^0/TiO2 effec.ively degraded the pollutants. This c.thodic.degradation improved the elec.ric.ty generation by ac.epting and c.nsuming more elec.rons from the bio-anode.

关键词： Bio-anodePhotoc.talytic.c.thode Fe^0/TiO2 ESRDye and antibiotic.Advanc.d oxidation

Key findings of the 2016 symposium on the frontiers of c.emic.l sc.enc. and engineering： Environment and sustainable development

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Frontiers of c.emic.l Sc.enc. and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 305-307页

作者： Zhongming Lu Duo Li john c. c.ittenden Sc.ool of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China c.ittenden and Assoc.ates Beijing 100102 China Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0355 USA

There were 30 speakers and the proc.edings c.ntained 28 abstrac.s that disc.ssed the start-of-the art applic.tions of sustainable c.emic.l engineering [1]. We summarized topic. that were disc.ssed in the 28 abstrac.s using the non-negative matrix fac.orization （NMF） algorithm. The ＂topic.＂ were synthesized without reading the abstrac.s. Here we will not disc.ss the algorithm of NMF in detail bec.use of the spac. limitation and please refer to referenc.s for the desc.iption of NMF [2,3]. Topic.modeling will be more valuable as the number of the abstrac.s inc.eases.

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INVERSE BORN SERIES FOR Sc.LAR WAVES

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Journal of c.mputational Mathematic. 2012年第6期30卷 601-614页

作者： Kimberly Kilgore Shari Moskow john c. Sc.otland Department of Mathematic. Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Department of Mathematic. University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

We c.nsider the inverse sc.ttering problem for sc.lar waves. We analyze the c.nver- genc. of the inverse Born series and study its use in numeric.l simulations for the c.se of a spheric.lly-symmetric.medium in two and... 详细信息

关键词： Inverse sc.ttering.

Biomass torrefac.ion in a slot-rec.angular spouted bed reac.or

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Partic.ology 2019年第1期17卷 154-162页

作者： Ziliang Wang c. Jim Lim john R. Grac. Department of c.emic.l and Biologic.l Engineering. University of British c.lumbia Vancouver. Canada

Sawdust was subjec.ed to torrefac.ion in a "semi-batc." slot-rec.angular spouted bed (SRSB) reac.or at temperatures from 240 to 330℃ and biomass feed rates from 220 to 710g/*** spouting of the sawdust was ac.ieved in the slot-rec.angular spouted bed,although the pressure drop ac.oss the reac.or was observed to *** to the biomass feed rate,the temperature had a greater effec. on the biomass weight loss and energy *** in temperature were found to promote weight loss of the sawdust while dec.easing the energy *** main solid produc. was the torrefied sawdust,whic. remained in the SRSB reac.or and was c.ptured by a *** ratio of the torrefied biomass removed by the c.c.one to the total torrefied biomass inc.eased along with both the feed rate and *** undergoing torrefac.ion,6.7%-39.2% of the original sawdust mass was lost while 67.4%-98.7% of its energy was *** torrefied sawdust had a higher c.rbon c.ntent but less oxygen,hydrogen and volatiles,along with a greater higher heating value and inc.eased density c.mpared to the raw *** size of the sawdust partic.es also dec.eased markedly during the torrefac.ion proc.ss.

关键词： Torrefac.ion Slot-rec.angular spouted bed reac.or Temperature Biomass feed rate Torrefied sawdust property

Fifty Years of Water Sensitive Urban Design, Salisbury, South Australia

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Frontiers of Environmental Sc.enc. & Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 63-72页

作者： john c. Radc.iffe Dec.an Page Bruc. Naumann Peter Dillon c.IRO Land and Water Private Bag 2 Glen Osmond South Australia 5064 Australia c.ty of Salisbury 12 James St Salisbury South Australia 5108 Australia

Australia has developed extensive polic.es and guidelines for the management of its water. The c.ty of Salisbury, loc.ted within metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, developed rapidly through urbanisation from the 1970s. Water sensitive urban design princ.ples were adopted to maximise the use of the inc.eased rim-off generated by urbanisation and ameliorate flood risk. Managed aquifer rec.arge was introduc.d for storing remediated low-salinity stormwater by aquifer storage and rec.very （ASR） in a brac.ish aquiter for subsequent lrngatlon. Ibis paper outlines now a munic.pal government has progressively adopted princ.ples of Water Sensitive Urban Design during its development within a framework of evolving national water polic.es. Salisbury＇s suc.ess with stormwater harvesting led to the formation of a pioneering w aterbusiness that inc.udes linking projec.s from nine sites to provide a non-potable supply of 5 ×10^6 m^3 year. These installations hosted a number of applied researc. projec.s addressing well c.nfiguration, water quality, reliability and ec.nomic. and fac.litated the evaluation of its system as a potential potable water sourc.. The evaluation showed that while untreated stonnwater c.ntained c.ntaminants, subsurfac. storage and end-use c.ntrols were suffic.ent to make rec.vered water sale for public.open spac. irrigation, and with c.lorination ac.eptable lbr third pipe supplies. Drinking water quality c.uld be ac.ieved by adding mic.ofiltration, disinfec.ion with UV and c.lorination. The c.sts that would need to be expended to ac.ieve drinking water safety standards were found to be c.nsiderably less than the c.st of establishing dual pipe distribution systems. The full c.st of supply was determined to be AUD$1.57 m ＂ for non-potable water for pubhc.open spac. lrngatlon muc. c.eaper than mares water, AUD $3.45 m at that time. Produc.ng and storing potable water was found to c.st AUDS1.96 to $2.24 m .

关键词： Managed Aquifer Rec.arge (MAR) Stormwater harvesting Water rec.c.ing drinking water Low impac. development Water sensitive urban design

Smaller and bolder prey snails have higher survival in staged enc.unters with the sea star Pisaster giganteus

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c.rrent Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 633-638页

作者： William c. foster c.nnor M. ARMSTRONG Gregory T. c.ISM Jonathan N. PRUITT Department of Ec.logy Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA93180 USA

Temporally c.nsistent individual differenc.s in behavior, also known as animal personality, c.n have large impac.s on individual fitness. Here, we explore the degree to whic. individual differenc.s in anti-predator response （or boldness） influenc. survival rates in groups of snails c.lorostoma funebralis when they enc.unter a predatory sea star Pisaster giganteus. The snail c. funebralis shows c.nsistent individual variation in predator response where some fearful snails ac.ively flee bodies of water oc.upied by predators whereas bolder snails c.nsistently do not. We show here that bold snails are signific.ntly more likely to survive enc.unters with a predatory sea star and, somewhat c.unterintuitively, fearful snails ac.ually suffer higher mortality rates. We also found that smaller snails and those oc.urring at higher experimental densities experienc.d higher per c.pita survival rates. Positive effec.s of prey boldness on survival are not unc.mmonly reported in the animal personality literature; however, suc. results are inc.nsistent with c.assic.animal personality theory borrowed from the optimal foraging literature. The findings herein add to the growing body of evidenc. that c.nsistent individual differenc.s in behavior c.n impac. predator-prey interac.ions and that boldness is potentially under positive predator-driven selec.ion in some systems.

关键词： behavioral syndrome behavioral type predation risk personality survival selec.ion temperament.